HCIA---静态路由实验

柳飞飘絮

已于 2023-07-08 19:22:25 修改

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文章标签：网络智能路由器

于 2023-07-08 19:21:24 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/liuyijunyyds/article/details/131614315

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路由如下图

要求：
1.除R5环回地址固定以外，其他所有网段基于192.168.1.0/24进行合理的IP地址划分。
2.R1-R4路由器上均存在两个环回，用来模拟用户网段，地址使用192.168.1.0/24划分。
3.R1-R4上不能直接写去往5.5.5.5/24网段路由，但仍可访问。
4.全网可达，尽量减少每台路由器路由表路由条目。
5.R4-R5之间，正常走1000M链路，故障走100M链路。

第一步：

子网划分：从192.168.1.0 24划分5个子网用于路由器环回及骨干链路，其中一子网个再划分6个子网与骨干链路，具体如上图所示

第二步：

给路由器配置接口IP和环回

r1：

The device is running!

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys r1
[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 30
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Jul  8 2023 17:23:25-08:00 r1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.9 30
Jul  8 2023 17:23:57-08:00 r1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r1]int	
[r1]interface lo	
[r1]interface LoopBack 0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.33 28
[r1-LoopBack0]interface LoopBack 1
[r1-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.49 28
[r1-LoopBack1]

r2：

The device is running!

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys r2
[r2]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 30
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Jul  8 2023 17:25:46-08:00 r2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.5 30
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Jul  8 2023 17:26:00-08:00 r2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r2]int lo	
[r2]int LoopBack 0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.65 28
[r2-LoopBack0]int LoopBack 1
[r2-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.81 28
[r2-LoopBack1]

r3、r4、r5由此推断

r3：

第三步：

路由配置，注意要考虑负载均衡

r1：

<r1>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[r1]ip rou	
[r1]ip route
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.10
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.2
[r1]

<r2>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[r2]ip rou	
[r2]ip route
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.22 30 192.168.1.6
Info: The destination address and mask of the configured static route mismatched
, and the static route 192.168.1.20/30 was generated.
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.6
Error: The route already exists.
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1
[r2]

<r3>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[r3]ip rou	
[r3]ip route
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.14
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.14
[r3]

<r4>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[r4]ip rou	
[r4]ip route
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.13
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13
[r4]

<r5>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[r5]ip rou	
[r5]ip route
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]

第四步：

因为要访问5.5.5.5 24 所有要给r1、r2、r3、r4、r5配置缺省路由，也得考虑负载均衡，同时因为缺省和路由相遇会成环，所以得汇总网段指向空接口

<r1>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[r1]ip rou	
[r1]ip route
[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10
[r1]ip rou	
[r1]ip route
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 N	
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0
[r1]

<r2>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[r2]ip rou	
[r2]ip route
[r2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0
[r2]

<r3>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[r3]ip rou	
[r3]ip route
[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 NULL 0
[r3]

<r4>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[r4]ip rou	
[r4]ip route
[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.17
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0
[r4]

第五步：

因为R4-R5之间，正常走1000M链路，故障走100M链路，所以192.168.1.20网段用浮动路由

[r4]
[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 pre	
[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 70
[r4]

[r5]
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21 pre	
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21 preference 70
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21 preference 70
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21 preference 70
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21 preference 70
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 preference 70
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 preference 70
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21 preference 70
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21 preference 70
[r5]

最后测试：

<r1>ping 5.5.5.5
  PING 5.5.5.5: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=253 time=80 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=253 time=100 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=253 time=50 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=253 time=100 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=253 time=50 ms

  --- 5.5.5.5 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 50/76/100 ms

<r1>ping 192.168.1.129
  PING 192.168.1.129: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 192.168.1.129: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=30 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.129: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=30 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.129: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=30 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.129: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=40 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.129: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=40 ms

  --- 192.168.1.129 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 30/34/40 ms

<r3>ping 5.5.5.5
  PING 5.5.5.5: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=50 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=40 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=30 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=30 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=30 ms

  --- 5.5.5.5 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 30/36/50 ms

<r3>ping 192.168.1.65
  PING 192.168.1.65: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 192.168.1.65: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=40 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.65: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=40 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.65: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=40 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.65: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=50 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.65: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=60 ms

  --- 192.168.1.65 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 40/46/60 ms

其他路由器也一样可以ping通所有IP地址，就不一一列举了，成功实现全网可达！