今天的学习笔记相对较少,一半时间花在内存函数的学习,一半时间花在指针进阶的练习,确实指针的内容比较难以理解,但是花点时间去理解还是可以接受的。
memcpy
void * memcpy ( void * destination, const void * source, size_t num );
函数memcpy从source的位置开始向后复制num个字节的数据到destination的内存位置。
这个函数在遇到 '\0' 的时候并不会停下来。 如果source和destination有任何的重叠,复制的结果都是未定义的。
/* memcpy example */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
struct {
char name[40];
int age;
} person, person_copy;
int main ()
{
char myname[] = "Pierre de Fermat";
/* using memcpy to copy string: */
memcpy ( person.name, myname, strlen(myname)+1 );
person.age = 46;
/* using memcpy to copy structure: */
memcpy ( &person_copy, &person, sizeof(person) );
printf ("person_copy: %s, %d \n", person_copy.name, person_copy.age );
return 0;
}
memmove
void * memmove ( void * destination, const void * source, size_t num );
和memcpy的差别就是memmove函数处理的源内存块和目标内存块是可以重叠的。
如果源空间和目标空间出现重叠,就得使用memmove函数处理。
/* memmove example */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main ()
{
char str[] = "memmove can be very useful......";
memmove (str+20,str+15,11);
puts (str);
return 0;
}
memcmp
int memcmp ( const void * ptr1,
const void * ptr2,
size_t num );
比较从ptr1和ptr2指针开始的num个字节
/* memcmp example */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main ()
{
char buffer1[] = "DWgaOtP12df0";
char buffer2[] = "DWGAOTP12DF0";
int n;
n=memcmp ( buffer1, buffer2, sizeof(buffer1) );
if (n>0) printf ("'%s' is greater than '%s'.\n",buffer1,buffer2);
else if (n<0) printf ("'%s' is less than '%s'.\n",buffer1,buffer2);
else printf ("'%s' is the same as '%s'.\n",buffer1,buffer2);
return 0;
}
模拟实现memcpy
#include<stdio.h>
#include<assert.h>
//memcpy应该拷贝不重叠的内容
void* my_memcpy(void* dest, const void* src, size_t num)
{
void* ret = dest;
assert(dest && src);
while (num--)
{
*(char*)dest = *(char*)src;
dest = (char*)dest + 1;
src = (char*)src + 1;
}
return ret;
}
int main()
{
int arr1[10] = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 };
int arr2[10] = { 0 };
my_memcpy(arr2, arr1, 20);
return 0;
}
模拟实现memmove
#include<stdio.h>
#include<assert.h>
void* my_memmove(void* dest, const void* src, size_t num)
{
void* ret = dest;
assert(dest && src);
if (dest < src)
{
//前->后
while (num--)
{
(char)dest = (char)src;
dest = (char*)dest + 1;
src = (char*)src + 1;
}
}
else
{
//后->前
while (num--)
{
((char)dest + num) = ((char)src + num);
}
}
return ret;
}
int main()
{
int i = 0;
int arr1[10] = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 };
// 1,2,1,2,3,4,5,8,9,10
my_memmove(arr1 + 2, arr1, 20);
for ( i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
printf("%d ", arr1[i]);
}
return 0;
}