基于机器学习和深度学习的文本情感分析与预测模型优化

SECTIONI

1. Sentiment Analysis

1.1 Data Preprocessing

Prior to performing sentiment analysis, it is essential to preprocess the raw

text data. Common steps in preprocessing include:

Text Cleaning: Remove punctuation, numbers, and special characters.

Case Conversion: Convert text to lowercase to standardize the data.

Removal of Stop Words: Eliminate meaningless high-frequency words such as

"the" and "is".

Stemming and Lemmatization: Standardize different forms of words (e.g.,

"running" and "ran").

1.2 Feature Extraction

Feature extraction involves converting text data into numerical features that

can be processed by the model. Common methods include: Bag of Words (BOW) Model: Represents text as a vector of word frequencies,

ignoring word order and only considering word occurrence.

TF-IDF (Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency): Enhances the BOW

model by considering the importance of words in the document, thus reducing

the weight of frequent words.

Word Embeddings: Techniques like Word2Vec, GloVe, and FastText map

words to a low-dimensional vector space to capture their semantic relationships.

Contextual Embeddings: Models such as BERT and ELMo capture the

semantic context of words through pre-trained language models.

1.3 Model Selection

Based on the extracted features, various machine learning or deep learning

models can be chosen for sentiment analysis:

Traditional Machine Learning Models: Models such as Naive Bayes, Support

Vector Machines (SVM), and Logistic Regression work well with TF-IDF features

and are suitable for small datasets.

Deep Learning Models: Models such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)

and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), especially Long Short-Term Memory

Networks (LSTM) and Bidirectional LSTM, are effective for large-scale datasets

and can capture complex text patterns.

Pre-trained Language Models: Models like BERT and GPT-3 achieve

state-of-the-art results in sentiment analysis by pre-training on large corpora and

then fine-tuning.

1.4 Model Training and Evaluation

After selecting a model, it is trained on the training set and parameters are

tuned on the validation set. Common evaluation metrics include accuracy,

precision, recall, and F1 score. These metrics provide a comprehensive

measure of model performance and generalization ability.

1.5 Practical Applications

Sentiment analysis has various practical applications:

Customer Feedback Analysis: Extracts sentiment information from comments

to help businesses improve products and services.

Social Media Monitoring: Tracks emotional trends of brands on social media,

providing crisis warnings and public opinion analysis.

Market Research: Analyzes consumer sentiment towards products or brands

to assist in decision-making.

1.6 SummarySentiment analysis extracts emotional information from text data through data

preprocessing, feature extraction, model selection, and training evaluation,

providing valuable insights for businesses and research. As NLP technology

advances, the accuracy and scope of sentiment analysis applications

continue to grow.

2. Data cleaning

2.1 Count the missing values for each column

2.2 Delet