前言
这里是Python从入门到实践的练习答案,在这里把我的答案记录下来,如果有错误或者可以改进的地方欢迎在评论区指正。
在使用本文代码
前请确保已经安装了matplotlib
一、15-1立方
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x_values = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y_values = [ x**3 for x in x_values]
plt.style.use('seaborn')
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.scatter(x_values, y_values, s = 100)
# 设置图表标题并给坐标轴加上标签
ax.set_title('Cube Numbers', fontsize = 24)
ax.set_xlabel('Values', fontsize = 14)
ax.set_ylabel('Cube Of The Values', fontsize = 14)
# 设置刻度标记的大小
ax.tick_params(axis='both', which='major', labelsize = 14)
plt.show()
结果如下:
二、15-2彩色立方
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x_values = range(1, 5001)
y_values = [ x**3 for x in x_values]
plt.style.use('seaborn')
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.scatter(x_values, y_values, c=y_values, cmap=plt.cm.Blues, s = 10)
# 设置图表标题并给坐标轴加上标签
ax.set_title('Cube Numbers', fontsize = 24)
ax.set_xlabel('Values', fontsize = 14)
ax.set_ylabel('Cube Of The Values', fontsize = 14)
# 设置刻度标记的大小
ax.tick_params(axis='both', which='major', labelsize = 14)
ax.axis([0, 5500, 0, 5500**3])
plt.show()
结果如下:
三、15-3分子运动
rw_visual.py
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from random_walk import RandomWalk
# 只要程序处于活动状态,就不断的模拟随机漫步
while True:
# 创建一个 RandomWalk 实例
rw = RandomWalk()
rw.fill_walk()
# 将所有点都绘制出来
plt.style.use('classic')
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(15, 9))
point_numbers = range(rw.num_points)
# ax.scatter(rw.x_values, rw.y_values, c=point_numbers, cmap=plt.cm.Blues,
# edgecolors='none', s=1)
ax.plot(rw.x_values, rw.y_values, linewidth=1)
# 突出起点和终点
ax.scatter(0, 0, c='green',edgecolors='none', s=100)
ax.scatter(rw.x_values[-1], rw.y_values[-1], c='red', edgecolors='none', s=100)
# 隐藏坐标轴
ax.get_xaxis().set_visible(False)
ax.get_yaxis().set_visible(False)
plt.show()
keep_running = input('Make another walk?(y/n): ')
if keep_running == 'n':
break
random_walk.py
from random import choice
class RandomWalk:
"""一个生成随机漫步数据的类"""
def __init__(self, num_points=5000):
"""初始化随机漫步的属性"""
self.num_points = num_points
# 所有随机漫步都始于(0,0)
self.x_values = [0]
self.y_values = [0]
def fill_walk(self):
"""计算随机漫步包含的所有点"""
# 不断漫步,直到列表达到指定的长度
while len(self.x_values) < self.num_points:
# 决定前进方向以及沿这个方向前进的距离
x_direction = choice([1, -1])
x_distance = choice([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
x_step = x_direction * x_distance
y_direction = choice([1, -1])
y_distance = choice([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
y_step = y_direction * y_distance
# 拒绝原地踏步
if x_step == 0 and y_step == 0:
continue
# 计算下一个点的 x 值和 y 值
x = self.x_values[-1] + x_step
y = self.y_values[-1] + y_step
self.x_values.append(x)
self.y_values.append(y)
结果如下:
四、15-4改进的随机漫步
这样改一下就行了,看看结果:
剔除-1:
结果如下:
五、15-5重构
六、15-6两个D8
dice_visual.py
from die import Die
from plotly.graph_objs import Bar, Layout
from plotly import offline
# 创建骰子
die_1 = Die(8)
die_2 = Die(8)
# 掷几次骰子并将结果储存在一个列表中
results = []
for roll_num in range(1000):
result = die_1.roll() + die_2.roll()
results.append(result)
# 分析结果
frequencies = []
max_result = die_1.num_sides + die_2.num_sides
for value in range(2, max_result+1):
frequency = results.count(value)
frequencies.append(frequency)
# 对结果进行可视化
x_values = list(range(2, max_result+1))
data = [Bar(x=x_values, y=frequencies)]
x_axis_config = {'title': '结果', 'dtick': 1}
y_axis_config = {'title': '结果的频率'}
my_layout = Layout(title='掷两个D8 1000次的结果',
xaxis=x_axis_config, yaxis=y_axis_config)
offline.plot({'data': data, 'layout': my_layout}, filename='d8_d8.html')
print(frequencies)
die.py
from random import randint
class Die:
"""表示一个骰子的类"""
def __init__(self, num_sides=6):
"""骰子默认为6面"""
self.num_sides = num_sides
def roll(self):
return randint(1, self.num_sides)
结果:
七、同时掷三个骰子
修改一下 dice_visual.py即可:
from die import Die
from plotly.graph_objs import Bar, Layout
from plotly import offline
# 创建骰子
die_1 = Die()
die_2 = Die()
die_3 = Die()
# 掷几次骰子并将结果储存在一个列表中
results = []
for roll_num in range(50_000):
result = die_1.roll() + die_2.roll() + die_3.roll()
results.append(result)
# 分析结果
frequencies = []
max_result = die_1.num_sides + die_2.num_sides + die_3.num_sides
for value in range(3, max_result+1):
frequency = results.count(value)
frequencies.append(frequency)
# 对结果进行可视化
x_values = list(range(3, max_result+1))
data = [Bar(x=x_values, y=frequencies)]
x_axis_config = {'title': '结果', 'dtick': 1}
y_axis_config = {'title': '结果的频率'}
my_layout = Layout(title='掷三个D6 50 000次的结果',
xaxis=x_axis_config, yaxis=y_axis_config)
offline.plot({'data': data, 'layout': my_layout}, filename='d6_d6_d6.html')
print(frequencies)
结果如下:
八、15-8将点数相乘
修改一下 dice_visual.py即可:
from die import Die
from plotly.graph_objs import Bar, Layout
from plotly import offline
# 创建骰子
die_1 = Die()
die_2 = Die()
# 掷几次骰子并将结果储存在一个列表中
results = []
for roll_num in range(50_000):
result = die_1.roll() * die_2.roll()
results.append(result)
# 分析结果
frequencies = []
max_result = die_1.num_sides * die_2.num_sides
for value in range(1, max_result+1):
frequency = results.count(value)
frequencies.append(frequency)
# 对结果进行可视化
x_values = list(range(1, max_result+1))
data = [Bar(x=x_values, y=frequencies)]
x_axis_config = {'title': '结果', 'dtick': 1}
y_axis_config = {'title': '结果的频率'}
my_layout = Layout(title='掷两个D6 50 000次的结果',
xaxis=x_axis_config, yaxis=y_axis_config)
offline.plot({'data': data, 'layout': my_layout}, filename='d6__d6.html')
print(frequencies)
结果如下:
九、15-9改用列表解析
对 dice_visual.py做如下改动即可:
十、15-10使用两个库
先把官方文档贴在这里:
die.py不变,稍微改动dice_visual.py
可视化模拟掷骰子的情况:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from plotly import offline
from die import Die
# 创建骰子
die_1 = Die()
die_2 = Die()
# 掷几次骰子并将结果储存在一个列表中
results = [die_1.roll() + die_2.roll() for roll_num in range(50_000)]
# 分析结果
max_result = die_1.num_sides + die_2.num_sides
frequencies = [results.count(value) for value in range(2, max_result+1)]
# 对结果进行可视化
x_values = list(range(2, max_result+1))
plt.style.use('classic')
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(x_values, frequencies, linewidth=3)
plt.show()
print(frequencies)
用Plotly通过可视化来模拟随机漫步的情况
不太会看文档,要是有会的uu写在评论区呀