python从入门到实践20章答案

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-20 17:12:48 发布

rascal yang

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-20 17:12:48 发布

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分类专栏： Python从入门到实践三大项目答案文章标签： python 前端

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_68144638/article/details/126075523

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Python从入门到实践三大项目答案专栏收录该内容

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前言

这里是《Python从入门到实践》的练习答案，如果有错误或者可以改进的地方欢迎在评论区指正

一、其他表单

下面是官方文档，大家有兴趣可以自行探索哦

Bootstrap官方文档

new_topic 页面

{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}
{% load bootstrap4 %}

{% block content %}
  <p><h2>Add a new topic:</h2></p>

  <form action="{% url 'learning_logs:new_topic' %}" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {% bootstrap_form form %}
    {% buttons %}
      <button name="submit" class="btn btn-primary">
        Add topic</button>
    {% endbuttons %}
  </form>

{% endblock content %}

new_entry 页面

{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}
{% load bootstrap4 %}

{% block content %}

  <p><a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topic' topic.id %}">
    <h3>{{ topic }}</h3></a></p>

  <p><h4>Add a new entry:</h4></p>
  <div class="container">
    <form action="{% url 'learning_logs:new_entry' topic.id %}" method="post">
      {% csrf_token %}
      {% bootstrap_form form %}
      {% buttons %}
        <button name="submit" class="btn btn-primary">
          Add topic</button>
      {% endbuttons %}

    </form>
  </div>
  

{% endblock content %}

同理 edit_entry 页面

{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}
{% load bootstrap4 %}

{% block content %}

  <p><h3><a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topic' topic.id %}">
    {{ topic }}</a></h3></p>

  <p><h5>Edit entry:</h5></p>

  <form action="{% url 'learning_logs:edit_entry' entry.id %}" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {% bootstrap_form form %}
    {% buttons %}
      <button name="submit" class="btn btn-primary">
        Save changes</button>
    {% endbuttons %}
  </form>

{% endblock content %}

二、设置博客的格式

重写全部html文件

base.html

{% load bootstrap4 %}

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1,
    shrink-to-fit=no">
  <title>BLOG</title>

  {% bootstrap_css %}
  {% bootstrap_javascript jquery='full' %}

</head>
<body>
  
  <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light bg-light mb-4 border">

	<a class="navbar-brand" href="{% url 'blogs:index' %}">BLOG</a>

	<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse"
	  data-target="#navCollapse" aria-controls="navbarCollapse"
	  aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
	  <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span></button>
	<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarCollapse">
	  <ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto">
		{% if user.is_authenticated %}
		  <li class="nav-item">
		    <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="{% url 'blogs:new_blog' %}">
			  Add new blog</a>
          </li>
		{% endif %}</ul>
	  <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto">
		{% if user.is_authenticated %}
		  <li class="nav-item">
			<span class="navbar-text">Hello, {{ user.username }}.</span>
		  </li>
		  
		  <li class="nav-item">
		    <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="{% url 'users:logout' %}">
				Log out</a>
		  </li>
		{% else %}
		  <li class="nav-item">
		    <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="{% url 'users:register' %}">
				Register</a>
		  </li>
		  <li class="nav-item">
		    <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="{% url 'users:login' %}">
				Log in</a>
		  </li>
		{% endif %}
	  </ul>
	  
	</div>
  </nav>

  <main role="main" class="container">
    <div class="pb-2 mb-2 border-bottom">
		{% block page_header %}{% endblock page_header %}
	</div>
	<div>
		{% block content %}{% endblock content %}
	</div>
  </main>

</body>

</html>

edit_blog.html

{%extends 'blogs/base.html'%}
{% load bootstrap4 %}

{%block content%}
	<p><h3>{{ title }}</h3></p>
	<p><h5>Edit Blog:</h5></p>
	<form action="{% url 'blogs:edit_blog' blogpost.id %}" method="post">
		{% csrf_token %}
		{% bootstrap_form form %}
    	{% buttons %}
      	<button name="submit" class="btn btn-primary">
        	Save changes</button>
    	{% endbuttons %}
	</form>

{%endblock content%}

new_blog.html

{{%extends 'blogs/base.html'%}
{% load bootstrap4 %}

{% block page_header %}
  <h2>Add A New Blog</h2>
{% endblock page_header %}

{%block content%}

	<form action="{% url 'blogs:new_blog'%}" method="post">
		{% csrf_token %}
		{% bootstrap_form form %}
    	{% buttons %}
      	<button name="submit" class="btn btn-primary">
        	Add This Blog</button>
    	{% endbuttons %}
	</form>

{%endblock content%}

index.html

{%extends 'blogs/base.html'%}

{% block page_header %}
<h1>BLOG 主页</h1>
{% endblock page_header %}

{%block content%}

  <ul>
  {%for blogpost in blogposts%}
    <div class="card mb-3">
      <h5 class="card-header">
        {{ blogpost.date_added|date:'Y/m/d, H:i' }}
        <default><a href="{%url 'blogs:edit_blog' blogpost.id%}">
          Edit Blog</a></small>
      </h5>
      <div class="card-body">
        <h4>{{blogpost.title}}</h4>
        {{blogpost|linebreaks}}
      </div>
    </div>

  {%empty%}
    <p>No blogs have been added yet.</p>
  {%endfor%}
  </ul>
  
{%endblock content%}

login.html

{% extends 'blogs/base.html' %}
{% load bootstrap4 %}

{% block page_header %}
  <h2>Log in to your account.</h2>
{% endblock page_header %}
  
{% block content %}

  <form method="post" action="{% url 'users:login' %}" class="form">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {% bootstrap_form form %}
    {% buttons %}
      <button name="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Log in</button>
    {% endbuttons %}
    <input type="hidden" name="next"
      value="{% url 'blogs:index' %}" />
  </form>

{% endblock content %}

logged_out.html

{% extends 'blogs/base.html' %}

{% block content %}

  <p><h3>You have been logged out. Thank you for visiting!</h3></p>

{% endblock content %}

register.html

{% extends 'blogs/base.html' %}
{% load bootstrap4 %}

{% block page_header %}
  <h2>Register Here</h2>
{% endblock page_header %}

{% block content %}

  <form method="post" action="{% url 'users:register' %}">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {% bootstrap_form form %}
    	{% buttons %}
      	<button name="submit" class="btn btn-primary">
        	Add This Blog</button>
    	{% endbuttons %}
    <input type="hidden" name="next" value="{% url 'blogs:index' %}" />
  </form>

{% endblock content %}

结果：

三、在线博客

部署到云服务器比较麻烦，这里给大家推荐几个博客

windows Git Heroku下载、Heroku注册问题

Outlook 邮箱注册教程

Heroku CLI 官方链接在此：

Heroku CLI 官方安装地址（含Git 官方安装地址)
安装psycopg2==2.7.*报错

heroku不能登录

现在唯一的问题是注册heroku时需要翻墙才能获得验证码，如果有大佬有方法绕过或者有梯子可以在评论区分享

这一题步骤与书上代码应该一样，这里就不赘述了，上面的博客应该能解决大部分问题

四、在更多情况下显示404错误页面

修改views.py

--snip--
@login_required
def new_entry(request, topic_id):
    """在特定主题中添加新条目"""
    topic = get_object_or_404(Topic, id=topic_id)
    check_topic_owner(topic, request)

    if request.method != 'POST':
        # 未提交数据，创建一个空表单
        form = EntryForm()
    --snip--

@login_required
def edit_entry(request, entry_id):
    """编辑既有条目"""
    entry = get_object_or_404(Entry, id=entry_id)
    topic = entry.topic
    check_topic_owner(topic, request)

    if request.method != 'POST':
        """初次请求"""
        --snip

效果：

五、扩展“学习笔记”

在主页中对项目做更详细的描述

修改index.html 添加一条中文描述

{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}

{% block page_header %}
  <div class="jumbotron">
    <hi class="display-3">Track your learning.</hi>

    <p class="lead">Make your own Learning Log, and keep a list of the
        topics you're learning about.Whenever you learn something new
        about a topic, make an entry summarizing what you've learned.</p>
    <p class="lead">
      Learning Log 能让用户记录感兴趣的主题，并在学习每个主题的过程中添加
日志条目。</p>

    <a class="btn btn-lg btn-primary" href="{% url 'users:register' %}"
      role="button">Register &raquo;</a>
  </div>

{% endblock page_header %}

效果：

添加将主题设置为公开的功能

1.修改模型

修改models.py中Topic模型加一个public属性

class Topic(models.Model):
    """用户学习的主题"""
    text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    date_added = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    owner = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    public = models.BooleanField(default=False)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.text

2.添加页面

修改urls.py 增加一个新的页面显示公共的主题

"""定义 learning_logs 的 URL 模式"""

from django.urls import path

from . import views

app_name = 'learning_logs'
urlpatterns = [
    # 主页
    path('', views.index, name='index'),
    # 显示所有主题
    path('topics/', views.topics, name='topics'),
    # 特定主题的详细页面
    path('topics/<int:topic_id>/', views.topic, name='topic'),
    # 用于添加新主题的页面
    path('new_topic/', views.new_topic, name='new_topic'),
    # 用于添加新条目的页面
    path('new_entry/<int:topic_id>/', views.new_entry, name='new_entry'),
    # 用于编辑条目的页面
    path('edit_entry/<int:entry_id>/', views.edit_entry, name='edit_entry'),
    # 显示公共主题
    path('public_topics/', views.public_topics, name='public_topics'),
]

在view.py 中新增视图函数public_topics，并修改一下topic函数的逻辑


def public_topics(request):
    """显示公开的主题"""
    topics = list(Topic.objects.all().order_by('-date_added'))
    for topic in topics[:]:
        if topic.public == False:
            topics.remove(topic)

    context = {'topics': topics}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/public_topics.html', context)

--snip--

# @login_required
def topic(request, topic_id):
    """显示单个主题及其所有的条目"""
    topic = get_object_or_404(Topic, id=topic_id)

    if topic.public == False:
        check_topic_owner(topic, request)

    entries = topic.entry_set.order_by('-date_added')
    context = {'topic': topic, 'entries': entries}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/topic.html', context)

在form.py中修改TopicForm函数 新增一个表单元素

class TopicForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Topic
        fields = ['text', 'public']
        labels = {'text': '', 'public': ''}

3.修改html文件

我们希望所有人都能通过导航栏看见公共主题

修改base.html

      --snip--
      <ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto">
        <li class="nav-item">
          <a class="nav-link" href="{% url 'learning_logs:topics'%}">
            Topics</a></li>  _
        <li class="nav-item">
          <a class="nav-link" href="{% url 'learning_logs:public_topics'%}">
            Public Topics</a></li>
      </ul>
      --snip--

模仿topics.html 新建public.html

{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}

{% block page_header %}
  <h1>Public Topics</h1>
{% endblock page_header %}

{% block content %}
  <ul>
    {% for topic in topics %}
      <li><h3>
        <a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topic' topic.id %}">
          {{ topic }}</a> 
        <a>{{ topic.owner }}</a>
      </h3></li>
    {% empty %}
    <li><h3>No public topics have been added yet.</h3></li>
    {% endfor %}
  </ul>

{% endblock content %}

非主题所有者不能修改主题

修改 topic.html 的逻辑

{% extends 'learning_logs/base.html' %}

{% block page_header %}
  <h3>{{ topic }}</h3>
  {% if user == topic.owner %}
  <h5>Public: {{ topic.public }}</h5>{% endif %}
{% endblock page_header %}

{% block content %}

  {% if user == topic.owner %}
  <p>
    <a href="{% url 'learning_logs:new_entry' topic.id %}">Add new entry</a>
  </p>{% endif %}
  
  {% for entry in entries %}
    <div class="card mb-3">
      <h4 class="card-header">
        {{ entry.date_added|date:'M d, Y H:i' }}
        {% if user == topic.owner %}
        <small><a href="{% url 'learning_logs:edit_entry' entry.id %}">
          edit entry</a></small>{% endif %}
      </h4>
      <div class="card-body">
        {{ entry.text|linebreaks }}
      </div>
    </div>
  {% empty %}
    <p>There are no entries for this topic yet.</p>
  {% endfor %}

{% endblock content %}

我们希望新建主题时，能提示用户是否将其设置为public

修改new_topic.html

{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}
{% load bootstrap4 %}

{% block content %}
  <p><h2>Add a new topic:</h2></p>

  <form action="{% url 'learning_logs:new_topic' %}" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {% bootstrap_form form %}

    <div class="checkbox-row">
      <label class="vCheckboxLabel" for="id_public">Public or not?</label>
    </div>

    {% buttons %}
      <button name="submit" class="btn btn-primary">
        Add topic</button>
    {% endbuttons %}
  </form>

{% endblock content %}

最后，迁移项目，迁移在线数据库

(ll_env) PS learning_log> git add .
(ll_env) PS learning_log> git commit -am "Add a new function."
(ll_env) PS learning_log> git push heroku master

(ll_env) PS learning_log> heroku run python manage.py migrate

最后，可以在主页解释一下新功能

这样就大功告成了！