1、模拟实现string.h
❗🥳部分代码图解：
#pragma once
namespace My_String
{
class string
{
public:
typedef char* iterator;
typedef const char* const_iterator;
iterator begin()
{
return _str;
}
iterator end()
{
return _str + _size;
}
const_iterator begin() const
{
return _str;
}
const_iterator end() const
{
return _str + _size;
}
//无参
//string()
// : _str(new char[1]) //最少开一个存'\0'
// , _size(0)
// , _capacity(0)
//{
// _str[0] = '\0';
//}
//带参
string(const char* str = "") //空的字符串，默认后面有一个'\0'
: _size(strlen(str))
, _capacity(_size) //不算'\0'大小
{
_str = new char[_capacity + 1]; //多开一个空间存'\0'
strcpy(_str, str); //'\0'也会被拷贝
}
//拷贝构造【传统写法】
/*string(const string& s)
{
_str = new char[s._capacity + 1];
strcpy(_str, s._str);
_size = s._size;
_capacity = s._capacity;
}*/
//赋值【传统写法】
/*string& operator=(const string& s)
{
if (this != &s)
{
char* tmp = new char[s._capacity + 1];
strcpy(tmp, s._str);
delete[] _str;
_str = tmp;
_size = s._size;
_capacity = s._capacity;
}
return *this;
}*/
void swap(string& s)
{
std::swap(_str, s._str); //调用库里的swap
std::swap(_size, s._size);
std::swap(_capacity, s._capacity);
}
//拷贝构造【现代写法】s2(s1)
string(const string& s)
:_str(nullptr)
,_size(0)
,_capacity(0)
{
string tmp(s._str); //普通构造一个tmp
swap(tmp); //【this->swap(tmp);】隐含的this就是s2
}
//赋值【现代写法】s2 = s3
string& operator=(const string& s)
{
if (this != &s)
{
string tmp(s._str);
swap(tmp);
}
return *this;
}
//赋值【现代写法简化】
/*string& operator=(string tmp)
{
swap(tmp);
return *this;
}*/
~string()
{
delete[] _str;
_str = nullptr;
_size = _capacity = 0;
}
char& operator[](const size_t& pos)
{
assert(pos < _size);
return _str[pos];
}
const char& operator[](const size_t& pos) const
{
assert(pos < _size);
return _str[pos];
}
const char* c_str() const
{
return _str;
}
size_t size() const
{
return _size;
}
size_t capacity() const
{
return _capacity;
}
void reserve(size_t n)
{
if (n > _capacity)
{
char* tmp = new char[n + 1]; //留一个位置给'\0'
strcpy(tmp, _str);
delete[]_str;
_str = tmp;
_capacity = n;
}
}
void resize(size_t n, char ch = '\0')
{
if (n <= _size)
{
_str[n] = '\0';
_size = n;
}
else
{
reserve(n);
while (_size < n)
{
_str[_size] = ch;
++_size;
}
_str[_size] = '\0';
}
}
void push_back(char ch)
{
if (_size == _capacity)
{
reserve(_capacity == 0 ? 4 : _capacity * 2);
}
_str[_size] = ch;
++_size;
_str[_size] = '\0';
}
void append(const char* str)
{
size_t len = strlen(str);
if (_size + len > _capacity)
{
reserve(len + _size);
}
strcpy(_str + _size, str);
_size += len;
}
string& operator+=(char ch)
{
push_back(ch);
return *this;
}
string& operator+=(const char* str)
{
append(str);
return *this;
}
void insert(size_t pos, char ch)
{
assert(pos <= _size);
if (_size == _capacity)
{
reserve(_capacity == 0 ? 4 : _capacity * 2);
}
int end = _size;
while (end >= (int)pos)
{
_str[end + 1] = _str[end];
--end;
}
/*size_t end = _size + 1;
while (end > pos)
{
_str[end] = _str[end - 1];
--end;
}*/
_str[pos] = ch;
_size++;
}
void insert(size_t pos, const char* str)
{
assert(pos <= _size);
size_t len = strlen(str);
if (_size + len > _capacity)
{
reserve(_size + len);
}
int end = _size;
while (end >= (int)pos)
{
_str[end + len] = _str[end];
--end;
}
//strncmp(_str + pos, str, len);
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
_str[pos] = str[i];
pos++;
}
_size += len;
}
void erase(size_t pos, size_t len = npos)
{
assert(pos < _size); //_str[_size]='\0',所以不能=_size
/*int p = pos;
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
_str[p] = '\0';
p++;
}
while (_str[pos + len] != '\0')
{
_str[pos] = _str[pos + len];
pos++;
}
_str[pos] = '\0';
_size = pos;*/
if (pos + len >= _size || len == npos)
{
_str[pos] = '\0';
_size = pos;
}
else
{
while (_str[pos + len] <= _size)
{
_str[pos] = _str[pos + len];
pos++;
}
_size -= len;
}
}
size_t find(char ch, size_t pos = 0)
{
for (int i = pos; i < _size; i++)
{
if (_str[i] == ch)
{
return i;
}
}
return npos;
}
size_t find(const char* str, size_t pos = 0)
{
const char* p = strstr(_str + pos, str);
if (p != nullptr)
{
return p - _str;
}
else
{
return npos;
}
}
string substr(size_t pos, size_t len = npos)
{
string s;
size_t end = pos + len;
if (len == npos || pos + len >= _size)
{
end = _size;
len = _size - pos;
}
reserve(len);
for (int i = pos; i < end; i++)
{
s += _str[i];
}
return s;
}
bool operator<(const string& s) const
{
return strcmp(_str, s._str) < 0;
}
bool operator==(const string& s) const
{
return strcmp(_str, s._str) == 0;
}
bool operator<=(const string& s) const
{
return *this < s || *this == s;
}
bool operator>=(const string& s) const
{
return !(*this < s);
}
bool operator>(const string& s) const
{
return !(*this <= s);
}
bool operator!=(const string& s) const
{
return !(*this == s);
}
void clear()
{
_str[0] = '\0';
_size = 0;
}
const static size_t npos;
private:
char* _str;
int _size;
int _capacity;
};
const size_t string::npos = -1;
//流插入和流提取不一定非得写成友元，日期类写成友元是因为要访问私有成员
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const string& s)
{
/*for (size_t i = 0; i < s.size(); i++)
{
out << s[i];
}*/
for (auto ch : s)
{
out << ch;
}
return out;
}
/*istream& operator>>(istream& in, string& s)
{
s.clear(); //清理已有数据
char ch;
//in >> ch; //in不可以取到空格和换行,get可以
ch = in.get();
while (ch != ' ' && ch != '\n')
{
s += ch;
ch = in.get();
}
return in;
}*/
//流提取优化【避免不断扩容，减少扩容次数，减少多开空间的浪费】
istream& operator>>(istream& in, string& s)
{
s.clear();
char buff[129]; //辅助空间，局部变量，函数结束数组就销毁了
size_t i = 0;
char ch;
ch = in.get();
while (ch != ' ' && ch != '\n')
{
buff[i] = ch;
i++;
if (i == 128)
{
s += buff; //按buff大小开空间，不会多开
i = 0;
}
ch = in.get();
}
if (i != 0)
{
buff[i] = '\0';
s += buff; //按buff大小开空间，不会多开
}
return in;
}
//测试
void Test1()
{
string s1("Hello World");
cout << s1.c_str() << endl;
string s2;
cout << s2.c_str() << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < s1.size(); i++)
{
cout << s1[i];
}
cout << endl;
string::iterator it = s1.begin();
while (it != s1.end())
{
cout << *it;
it++;
}
cout << endl;
for (auto& ch : s1)
{
ch++;
cout << ch;
}
}
void Test2()
{
string s1 = "Hello";
s1.push_back(' ');
s1.append("World");
cout << s1.c_str() << endl;
s1 += '-';
s1 += "Hello";
cout << s1.c_str() << endl;
string s2;
s2.push_back('X');
cout << s2.c_str() << endl;
}
void Test3()
{
string s1("ABCE");
s1.insert(0, '%');
s1.insert(4, 'D');
s1.insert(s1.size(), 'F');
cout << s1.c_str() << endl;
}
void Test4()
{
string s1("ABCDE");
string s2("abcde");
cout << (s1 >= s2) << endl;
cout << (s1 <= s2) << endl;
string s3("xyz");
cin >> s3;
//std::cout << s3 << endl; //加std是调用库里的该功能
cout << s3 << endl;
}
void Test5()
{
string s1("ABC");
s1.insert(0, "%%");
s1.insert(s1.size(), "def");
string s2("abcdef");
//s2.erase(1, 2);
s2.erase(s2.size() - 1, 1);
//s2.erase(2, 6);
cout << s2 << endl;
cout << s2.size() << endl;
}
void Test6()
{
string s1("hello world");
cout << s1 << endl;
s1.resize(5);
cout << s1 << endl;
s1.resize(20, 'x');
cout << s1 << endl;
}
void Test7()
{
string s1("test.cpp.tar.zip");
//size_t i = s1.find('.');
//size_t i = s1.rfind('.');
//string s2 = s1.substr(i);
//cout << s2 << endl;
//协议、域名、资源名
string s3("https://legacy.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/rfind/");
//string s3("ftp://www.baidu.com/?tn=65081411_1_oem_dg");
string sub1, sub2, sub3;
size_t i1 = s3.find(':');
if (i1 != string::npos)
sub1 = s3.substr(0, i1);
else
cout << "没有找到i1" << endl;
size_t i2 = s3.find('/', i1 + 3);
if (i2 != string::npos)
sub2 = s3.substr(i1 + 3, i2 - (i1 + 3));
else
cout << "没有找到i2" << endl;
sub3 = s3.substr(i2 + 1);
cout << sub1 << endl;
cout << sub2 << endl;
cout << sub3 << endl;
}
void Test8()
{
string s1("hello world");
string s2 = s1; //拷贝构造
cout << s2 << endl;
string s3("xxxxxxxxxxxx");
s1 = s3; //赋值
cout << s1 << endl;
}
void Test9()
{
string s1("hello world");
cin >> s1;
cout << s1 << endl;
}
}
2、Test.cpp
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <assert.h>
using namespace std;
#include "模拟实现string.h" //编译时.h文件在此处展开，编译器向上找头文件，库里的东西都在std域里，只能写在std后边
int main()
{
//测试模拟实现
//My_String::Test9();
string s1;
cout << s1.capacity() << endl;
string s2("hello world");
cout << s2.capacity() << endl;
// 小于16，字符串存到buff数组里面
// 大于等于16，存在_str指向的空间
//_buff[16]
//_str
//_size
//_capacity
//sizeof(s1)和sizeof(s2)一样大，都是一个指针，一个_size，一个_capacity，（其实还有一个buff数组），不算存字符串所另开的空间
cout << sizeof(s1) << endl;
cout << sizeof(s2) << endl;
//VS是深拷贝
string s3("xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx");
string s4(s3);
cout << (void*)s3.c_str() << endl; //打印char*类型的地址，一般被识别成字符串，要强转才可以打印地址
cout << (void*)s4.c_str() << endl;
return 0;
}
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