OSPF综合实验

一.实验拓扑图及IP地址的分配

172.16.0.0/16：大概划分八个区域，剩下的两个区域拿来当做备用区域
区域0---- 172.16.0.0/19  
   172.16.0.0/24-----P2P的骨干
       172.16.0.0/30
       172.16.0.4/30
       172.16.0.8/30
       .....
       172.16.0.63/30
   172.16.1.0/24----MA的骨干
       172.16.1.0/29
       172.168.1.8/29
       172.16.1.16/29
       ....
   172.16.2.0/24----用户网段
   .......
   172.16.31.0/24       
区域1---- 172.16.32.0/19
    172.16.32.0/24-----P2P的骨干
         172.16.32.0/30
         172.16.32.4/30
         172.16.32.8/30
    172.16.33.0/24----MA的骨干
         172.16.33.0/29
         172.16.33.8/29
         172.16.33.16/29
    172.16.34.0/24
    ......
    172.16.63.0/24
区域2---- 172.16.64.0/19
区域3---- 172.16.96.0/19
区域4---- 172.16.128.0/19
RIP区域---- 172.16.160.0/19
备用区域：
172.16.192.0/19
172.16.224.0/19
然后分别在以上6个区域依次划分，这里我就不描述了，划分结果如下图所示：

二.IP地址及其相关配置

R1:
[r1]int g 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.1 29
[r1-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.34.1 24

R2:
[r2]int g 0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.2 29
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.35.1 24

R3:
[r3]int s 4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.1 24
[r3-Serial4/0/0]
[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.2----缺省

R4:
[isp]int Serial 4/0/0
[isp-Serial4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.2 24
[isp-Serial4/0/0]int s 4/0/1
[isp-Serial4/0/1]ip address 54.0.0.2 24
[isp-Serial4/0/1]int s 3/0/0
[isp-Serial3/0/0]ip address 64.0.0.2 24
[isp-Serial3/0/0]int g 0/0/0
[isp-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 74.0.0.2 24

R5:
[r5]int s 4/0/0
[r5-Serial4/0/0]ip address 54.0.0.1 24
[r5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 54.0.0.2----缺省

R6:
[r6]int s 4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]ip address 64.0.0.1 24
[r6-Serial4/0/0]
[r6-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.1 29
[r6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 64.0.0.2---缺省

R7:
[r7]int g 0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 74.0.0.1 24
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[r7]int g 0/0/1
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.97.1 29\
[r7]ip route-static  0.0.0.0 0 74.0.0.2---缺省

R8:
[r8]int g 0/0/0
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.97.2 29
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r8-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.98.1 24
[r8-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/1
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.97.9 29
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]

R9:
[r9]int g 0/0/0
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad	
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.97.10 29
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.129.1 29
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo0
[r9-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.130.1 24
[r9-LoopBack0]

R10:
[r10]int g 0/0/0
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.129.2 29
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r10-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.131.1 24
[r10-LoopBack0]

R11:
[r11]int g 0/0/0
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.2 29 
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r11-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.66.1 24
[r11-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/1
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.65.9 29

r12:
[r12]int g 0/0/0
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.10 29
[r12-LoopBack0]int lo1
[r12-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.176.1 20
[r12-LoopBack1]int lo0
[r12-LoopBack0]undo ip address 172.16.160.1 24
[r12-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.160.1 20

三.搭建MGRE环境

AR3

[r3]int t 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip a 172.16.1.1 29  
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp  
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.1
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic 

AR5

[r5]int t0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip a 172.16.1.2 29 
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp   
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0    
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100 
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register 
 

AR6

[r6]int t0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip a 172.16.1.3 29  
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp   
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0 
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register 

AR7

[r7]int t0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip a 172.16.1.4 29  
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register 

 四.所有设备均可访问R4的环回

首先对各个路由器进行ospf的设置

AR1

[r1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-ospf-1]a 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

AR2

[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]a 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

AR3

[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]a 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.7.255

[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]a 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net    
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.1 0.0.0.0

AR5

[r5]ospf 1 rout    
[r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospf-1]a 0  
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

AR6

[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-ospf-1]a 0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]a 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0

AR7

[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1]a 0   
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.7.255
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]a 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0

AR8

[r8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[r8-ospf-1]a 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

AR9

[r9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[r9-ospf-1]a 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.10 0.0.0.0
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]a 4
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.3.255

AR10

[r10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10
[r10-ospf-1]a 4 
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

AR11

[r11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[r11-ospf-1]a 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

AR12

[r12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[r12-ospf-1]a 2 
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.10 0.0.0.0
[r12]rip 1
[r12-rip-1]v 2
[r12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0

 然后将R3/5/6/7的tunnel0/0/0的接口类型改为p2mp，这样就不进行DR和BDR的选举

[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp

此时除rip和area4外的私网区域即通畅

重发布

现在在r12上做个重发布此时便可以学习到rip网段的路由信息

[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]import-route rip 1

现在只剩下area4区域，我们为了减少路由条目所以我们需要做特殊区域，而特殊区域不能存在虚链路，所以我们为了减少路由条目因此我们不做虚链路，而做一个重发布

此时我们可以将AREA4改为域外路由，以此来做特殊区域来减少路由条目的数量因此在R9上重新开启一个OSPF进程

首先我们需要将r9上面的进程1的区域4给删除，然后在开启进程2
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]area 4                     	
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]undo net 172.16.128.0 0.0.3.255
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]q
[r9-ospf-1]undo area 4
[r9-ospf-1]q	
[r9]ospf 2 router-id 9.9.9.9
[r9-ospf-2]area 4
[r9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.3.255
r10也一样
[r10]ospf 1
[r10-ospf-1]area 4	
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]undo network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]q
[r10-ospf-1]undo a 4
[r10-ospf-1]
[r10-ospf-1]q
[r10]ospf 2 router-id 10.10.10.10
[r10-ospf-2]area 4	
[r10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

开启之后我们在r9的进程1导入进程2,然后在写一条缺省路由即可

[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2
[r9-ospf-1]
[r9-ospf-1]q
[r9]ospf 2
[r9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise

然后再对r10写一条指向r9的缺省

[r10]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 172.16.129.9

此时除了公网外网络全部通畅

五.减少LSA的更新量，加快收敛，保障更新安全

在ABR的设备上做域间路由汇总以及ASBR的设备上做域外路由汇总

对r3
[r3]ospf 1	
[r3-ospf-1]area 1	
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0

对r6
[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]area 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0

对r7
[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0

对r12
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0

对r9
[r9]ospf 1	
[r9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0

将area1，area2，area2做成特殊区域，来减少条目

AR1
[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]a 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub 
 
AR2
[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]a 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub 
 
AR3
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]a 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary 
 
AR6
[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]a 2  
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
 
AR11
r11]ospf 1
[r11-ospf-1]a 2  
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa 
 
AR12
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]a 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa 
 
AR7
[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]a 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
 
AR8
[r8]ospf 1
[r8-ospf-1]a 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa 
 
AR9
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]a 3 
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa

对ABR及ASBR做过子网汇总的路由器做空接口来进行防环

[r3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 19 NULL 0
[r6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 19 NULL 0
[r7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 19 NULL 0
[r9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 19 NULL 0
[r12]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 19 NULL 0

因为r4的环回是公网网段，因此我们需要做nat地址的转换

AR3
[r3]acl 2000
[r3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r3]int s 4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
 
AR5
[r5]acl 2000   
[r5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r5]int s4/0/0
[r5-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
 
AR6
[r6]acl 2000
[r6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r6-acl-basic-2000]q
[r6]int Serial 4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
 
AR7
[r7]acl 2000	
[r7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r7]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

对AREA1进行区域认证的配置，保证更新安全

将一台设备在某个区域内所有激活的接口 配置接口认证

AR1:
[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]a 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

AR2:
[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]a 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

AR3:
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]a 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

加快收敛
修改hellow时间

AR3
[r3]int t0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
 
AR5
[r5]int t0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
 
AR6
[r6]int t0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer  hello 10
 
AR7
[r7]int t0/0/0   
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer  hello  10

六.全网可达

验证如下

AR1 

 AR10

 AR12