一,什么是关联查询
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实体间的关系(拥有 has、属于 belong)
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OneToOne:一对一关系(account ←→ user)
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OneToMany:一对多关系(user ←→ account)
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ManyToMany:多对多关系(user ←→ role)
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什么是关联查询
当访问关系的一方时,如果需要查看与之关联的另一方数据,则必须使用表链接查询,将查询到的另一方数据,保存在本方的属性中
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关联查询的语法
指定“一方”关系时(对象),使用
< association javaType="" >
指定“多方”关系时(集合),使用
< collection ofType="" >
二,MyBatis的关联查询
1.1一对一查询
需求:查询账户信息,关联查询用户信息。
分析:因为一个账户信息只能供某个用户使用,所以从查询账户信息出发关联查询用户信息为一对一查询。
<resultMap id="getAccountByIdResult" type="account">
...
<association property="user" javaType="com.by.pojo.User">
...
</association>
</resultMap>
<select id="" parameterType="" resultMap="getAccountByIdResult">
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.sjl.mapper.AccountMapper"> <resultMap id="getAccountByIdResultMap" type="account"> <id column="aid" property="id"></id> <result column="uid" property="uid"></result> <result column="money" property="money"></result> <!-- 一对一查询使用association 表签 property="user" : Account的属性名 javaType="user":等价于resultType --> <association property="user" javaType="User"> <id column="id" property="id"></id> <result column="username" property="username"></result> <result column="birthday" property="birthday"></result> <result column="sex" property="sex"></result> <result column="address" property="address"></result> </association> </resultMap> <select id="getAccountById" parameterType="int" resultMap="getAccountByIdResultMap"> SELECT a.id aid, a.money money, a.uid uid, u.* FROM account a LEFT JOIN USER u ON a.uid = u.id WHERE a.id=1 </select> </mapper>
测试
@Test
public void testOneToOne() {
AccountDao accountDao = sqlSession.getMapper(AccountDao.class);
List<Account> accountList = accountDao.findAll();
for (Account ac : accountList) {
System.out.println(ac);
}
}
1.2,一对多
需求:查询所有用户信息及用户关联的账户信息。
分析:用户信息和他的账户信息为一对多关系,并且查询过程中如果用户没有账户信息,此时也要将用户信息查询出来,此时左外连接查询比较合适。
package com.by.pojo;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;public class User implements Serializable {
private Integer id;
private String username;
private String password;
private Date birthday;
private String sex;
private String address;
//加入List<Account>存储用户所拥有的账户
private List<Account> accounts;public Integer getId() {
return id;
}public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}public String getUsername() {
return username;
}public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}public String getSex() {
return sex;
}public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}public String getAddress() {
return address;
}public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}public String getPassword() {
return password;
}public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}public List<Account> getAccounts() {
return accounts;
}public void setAccounts(List<Account> accounts) {
this.accounts = accounts;
}@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
", birthday=" + birthday +
", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
", address='" + address + '\'' +
", accounts=" + accounts +
'}';
}
}
public interface AccountDao {
List<Account> findAll();
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.by.dao.UserDao">
<resultMap type="user" id="findAllResultMap">
<id column="id" property="id"></id>
<result column="username" property="username"/>
<result column="address" property="address"/>
<result column="sex" property="sex"/>
<result column="birthday" property="birthday"/>
<!-- collection 是用于建立一对多中集合属性的对应关系
ofType 用于指定集合元素的数据类型
-->
<collection property="accounts" ofType="account">
<id column="aid" property="id"/>
<result column="uid" property="uid"/>
<result column="money" property="money"/>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<!-- 配置查询所有操作 -->
<select id="findAll" resultMap="findAllResultMap">
select u.*,a.id as aid ,a.uid,a.money
from user u left join account a on u.id =a.uid
</select>
</mapper>
@Test
public void testOneToMany() {
UserDao userDao = sqlSession.getMapper(UserDao.class);
List<User> userList = userDao.findAll();
for(User user : userList){
System.out.println(user);
}
}
1.3多对多
需求:查询角色及角色赋予的用户信息。
分析:一个用户可以拥有多个角色,一个角色也可以赋予多个用户,用户和角色为双向的一对多关系,多对多关系其实我们看成是双向的一对多关系。
public class Role {
private Integer id;
private String roleName;
private String roleDesc;
//加入List<User> users存储角色赋予的用户信息
private List<User> users;public Integer getId() {
return id;
}public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}public String getRoleName() {
return roleName;
}public void setRoleName(String roleName) {
this.roleName = roleName;
}public String getRoleDesc() {
return roleDesc;
}public void setRoleDesc(String roleDesc) {
this.roleDesc = roleDesc;
}public List<User> getUsers() {
return users;
}public void setUsers(List<User> users) {
this.users = users;
}@Override
public String toString() {
return "Role{" +
"id=" + id +
", roleName='" + roleName + '\'' +
", roleDesc='" + roleDesc + '\'' +
", users=" + users +
'}';
}
}
public interface RoleDao {List<Role> findAll();}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE mapperPUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN""http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"><mapper namespace="com.by.dao.RoleDao"><!--定义 role 表的 ResultMap--><resultMap id="findAllResultMap" type="Role"><id property="id" column="rid"></id><result property="roleName" column="role_name"></result><result property="roleDesc" column="role_desc"></result><collection property="users" ofType="user"><id column="id" property="id"></id><result column="username" property="username"></result><result column="address" property="address"></result><result column="sex" property="sex"></result><result column="birthday" property="birthday"></result></collection></resultMap><!--查询所有--><select id="findAll" resultMap="findAllResultMap">select r.id as rid,r.role_name,r.role_desc,u.* from role rleft join user_role ur on r.id = ur.ridleft join user u on u.id = ur.uid</select></mapper>
@Test
public void testManyToMany() {
RoleDao roleDao = sqlSession.getMapper(RoleDao.class);
List<Role> roleList = roleDao.findAll();
for(Role role : roleList){
System.out.println(role);
}
}