Linux磁盘管理

目录

一、思维导图

二、基本存储配置

1、添加一块10G大小的磁盘，将该磁盘分为两个主分区，大小为1G、2G。将剩余的空间全部划分为扩展分区。划分一个逻辑分区，大小为3G。（主分区文件系统类型为ext4，逻辑分区文件系统类型为xfs）

2、将三个分区分别挂载到/dir1、/dir2、/dir3。

3、在第一个主分区中创建一个文件为file1，内容为this is partition1。在第二个分区中创建一个文件为file2，内容为this is partition2。在第三个分区中创建一个文件为file3，内容为this ispartition3。

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一、思维导图

二、基本存储配置

1、添加一块10G大小的磁盘，将该磁盘分为两个主分区，大小为1G、2G。将剩余的空间全部划分为扩展分区。划分一个逻辑分区，大小为3G。（主分区文件系统类型为ext4，逻辑分区文件系统类型为xfs）

//进入fdisk交互界面
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda

//创建大小为1G的主分区
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): +1G

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 1 GiB.

//创建大小为2G的主分区
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
First sector (2099200-20971519, default 2099200):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2099200-20971519, default 20971519): +2G

Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 2 GiB.

//将剩余的空间全部划分为扩展分区
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): e
Partition number (3,4, default 3):
First sector (6293504-20971519, default 6293504):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (6293504-20971519, default 20971519):

Created a new partition 3 of type 'Extended' and of size 7 GiB.

//划分大小为3G的逻辑分区
Command (m for help): n
All space for primary partitions is in use.
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (6295552-20971519, default 6295552):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (6295552-20971519, default 20971519): +3G

Created a new partition 5 of type 'Linux' and of size 3 GiB.

//格式化
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Creating filesystem with 262144 4k blocks and 65536 inodes
Filesystem UUID: d0f614a7-6210-419d-b995-c5315afb126a
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2
mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Creating filesystem with 524288 4k blocks and 131072 inodes
Filesystem UUID: ec1719b8-1bdf-4b7d-8a59-b31c822556e4
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sda5
meta-data=/dev/sda5              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=196608 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=786432, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

//查看磁盘信息（块设备）
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda           8:0    0   10G  0 disk
├─sda1        8:1    0    1G  0 part
├─sda2        8:2    0    2G  0 part
├─sda3        8:3    0    1K  0 part
└─sda5        8:5    0    3G  0 part
sr0          11:0    1 10.2G  0 rom  /run/media/root/RHEL-8-5-0-BaseOS-x86_64
nvme0n1     259:0    0   50G  0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1 259:1    0  500M  0 part /boot
├─nvme0n1p2 259:2    0    1G  0 part [SWAP]
└─nvme0n1p3 259:3    0   40G  0 part /

2、将三个分区分别挂载到/dir1、/dir2、/dir3。

//创建挂载点目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /dir{1,2,3}

//挂载
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sda1 /dir1
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sda2 /dir2
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sda5 /dir3

//查看挂载信息
[root@localhost ~]# mount | grep /dev/sda
/dev/sda1 on /dir1 type ext4 (rw,relatime,seclabel)
/dev/sda2 on /dir2 type ext4 (rw,relatime,seclabel)
/dev/sda5 on /dir3 type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,logbufs=8,logbsize=32k,noquota)

3、在第一个主分区中创建一个文件为file1，内容为this is partition1。在第二个分区中创建一个文件为file2，内容为this is partition2。在第三个分区中创建一个文件为file3，内容为this is partition3。

//创建文件，并将内容追加到文件中
[root@localhost ~]# echo "this is partition1" >> /dir1/file1
[root@localhost ~]# echo "this is partition2" >> /dir2/file2
[root@localhost ~]# echo "this is partition3" >> /dir3/file3

//查看文件内容
[root@localhost ~]# cat /dir1/file1 /dir2/file2 /dir3/file3
this is partition1
this is partition2
this is partition3