分配与释放图像空间
- 分配图像空间:
IplImage* cvCreateImage(CvSize size, int depth, int channels); size: cvSize(width,height); depth: IPL_DEPTH_8U, IPL_DEPTH_8S, IPL_DEPTH_16U, IPL_DEPTH_16S, IPL_DEPTH_32S, IPL_DEPTH_32F, IPL_DEPTH_64F channels: 1, 2, 3 or 4. 注意数据为交叉存取.彩色图像的数据编排为b0 g0 r0 b1 g1 r1 ...
举例:
// 分配一个单通道字节图像 IplImage* img1=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_8U,1); // 分配一个三通道浮点图像 IplImage* img2=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_32F,3);
- 释放图像空间:
IplImage* img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_8U,1); cvReleaseImage(&img);
- 复制图像:
IplImage* img1=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_8U,1); IplImage* img2; img2=cvCloneImage(img1);
- 设定/获取兴趣区域:
void cvSetImageROI(IplImage* image, CvRect rect); void cvResetImageROI(IplImage* image); vRect cvGetImageROI(const IplImage* image); 大部分OpenCV函数都支持ROI.
- 设定/获取兴趣通道:
void cvSetImageCOI(IplImage* image, int coi); // 0=all int cvGetImageCOI(const IplImage* image); 大部分OpenCV函数暂不支持COI.
读取存储图像
- 从文件中载入图像:
IplImage* img=0; img=cvLoadImage(fileName); if(!img) printf("Could not load image file: %s/n",fileName); Supported image formats: BMP, DIB, JPEG, JPG, JPE, PNG, PBM, PGM, PPM, SR, RAS, TIFF, TIF载入图像默认转为3通道彩色图像. 如果不是，则需加flag:
img=cvLoadImage(fileName,flag); flag: >0 载入图像转为三通道彩色图像 =0 载入图像转为单通道灰度图像 <0 不转换载入图像(通道数与图像文件相同).
- 图像存储为图像文件:
if(!cvSaveImage(outFileName,img)) printf("Could not save: %s/n",outFileName);输入文件格式由文件扩展名决定.
存取图像元素
- 假设需要读取在i行j列像点的第k通道. 其中, 行数i的范围为[0, height-1], 列数j的范围为[0, width-1], 通道k的范围为[0, nchannels-1].
- 间接存取: (比较通用, 但效率低, 可读取任一类型图像数据)
- 对单通道字节图像:
IplImage* img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_8U,1); CvScalar s; s=cvGet2D(img,i,j); // get the (i,j) pixel value printf("intensity=%f/n",s.val[0]); s.val[0]=111; cvSet2D(img,i,j,s); // set the (i,j) pixel value - 对多通道浮点或字节图像:
IplImage* img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_32F,3); CvScalar s; s=cvGet2D(img,i,j); // get the (i,j) pixel value printf("B=%f, G=%f, R=%f/n",s.val[0],s.val[1],s.val[2]); s.val[0]=111; s.val[1]=111; s.val[2]=111; cvSet2D(img,i,j,s); // set the (i,j) pixel value
- 对单通道字节图像:
- 直接存取: (效率高, 但容易出错)
- 对单通道字节图像:
IplImage* img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_8U,1); ((uchar *)(img->imageData + i*img->widthStep))[j]=111;
- 对多通道字节图像:
IplImage* img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_8U,3); ((uchar *)(img->imageData + i*img->widthStep))[j*img->nChannels + 0]=111; // B ((uchar *)(img->imageData + i*img->widthStep))[j*img->nChannels + 1]=112; // G ((uchar *)(img->imageData + i*img->widthStep))[j*img->nChannels + 2]=113; // R
- 对多通道浮点图像:
IplImage* img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_32F,3); ((float *)(img->imageData + i*img->widthStep))[j*img->nChannels + 0]=111; // B ((float *)(img->imageData + i*img->widthStep))[j*img->nChannels + 1]=112; // G ((float *)(img->imageData + i*img->widthStep))[j*img->nChannels + 2]=113; // R
- 对单通道字节图像:
- 用指针直接存取 : (在某些情况下简单高效)
- 对单通道字节图像:
IplImage* img = cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_8U,1); int height = img->height; int width = img->width; int step = img->widthStep/sizeof(uchar); uchar* data = (uchar *)img->imageData; data[i*step+j] = 111;
- 对多通道字节图像:
IplImage* img = cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_8U,3); int height = img->height; int width = img->width; int step = img->widthStep/sizeof(uchar); int channels = img->nChannels; uchar* data = (uchar *)img->imageData; data[i*step+j*channels+k] = 111;
- 对单通道浮点图像(假设用4字节调整):
IplImage* img = cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_32F,3); int height = img->height; int width = img->width; int step = img->widthStep/sizeof(float); int channels = img->nChannels; float * data = (float *)img->imageData; data[i*step+j*channels+k] = 111;
- 对单通道字节图像:
- 使用 c++ wrapper 进行直接存取: (简单高效)
- 对单/多通道字节图像，多通道浮点图像定义一个 c++ wrapper:
template<class T> class Image { private: IplImage* imgp; public: Image(IplImage* img=0) {imgp=img;} ~Image(){imgp=0;} void operator=(IplImage* img) {imgp=img;} inline T* operator[](const int rowIndx) { return ((T *)(imgp->imageData + rowIndx*imgp->widthStep));} }; typedef struct{ unsigned char b,g,r; } RgbPixel; typedef struct{ float b,g,r; } RgbPixelFloat; typedef Image<RgbPixel> RgbImage; typedef Image<RgbPixelFloat> RgbImageFloat; typedef Image<unsigned char> BwImage; typedef Image<float> BwImageFloat; - 单通道字节图像:
IplImage* img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_8U,1); BwImage imgA(img); imgA[i][j] = 111;
- 多通道字节图像:
IplImage* img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_8U,3); RgbImage imgA(img); imgA[i][j].b = 111; imgA[i][j].g = 111; imgA[i][j].r = 111;
- 多通道浮点图像:
IplImage* img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_32F,3); RgbImageFloat imgA(img); imgA[i][j].b = 111; imgA[i][j].g = 111; imgA[i][j].r = 111;
- 对单/多通道字节图像，多通道浮点图像定义一个 c++ wrapper:
图像转换
- 转为灰度或彩色字节图像:
cvConvertImage(src, dst, flags=0); src = float/byte grayscale/color image dst = byte grayscale/color image flags = CV_CVTIMG_FLIP (flip vertically) CV_CVTIMG_SWAP_RB (swap the R and B channels)
- 转换彩色图像为灰度图像:
使用OpenCV转换函数:cvCvtColor(cimg,gimg,CV_BGR2GRAY); // cimg -> gimg
直接转换:for(i=0;i<cimg->height;i++) for(j=0;j<cimg->width;j++) gimgA[i][j]= (uchar)(cimgA[i][j].b*0.114 + cimgA[i][j].g*0.587 + cimgA[i][j].r*0.299);
- 颜色空间转换:
cvCvtColor(src,dst,code); // src -> dst code = CV_<X>2<Y> <X>/<Y> = RGB, BGR, GRAY, HSV, YCrCb, XYZ, Lab, Luv, HLS e.g.: CV_BGR2GRAY, CV_BGR2HSV, CV_BGR2Lab
绘图命令
- 画长方体:
// 用宽度为1的红线在(100,100)与(200,200)之间画一长方体 cvRectangle(img, cvPoint(100,100), cvPoint(200,200), cvScalar(255,0,0), 1);
- 画圆:
// 在(100,100)处画一半径为20的圆,使用宽度为1的绿线 cvCircle(img, cvPoint(100,100), 20, cvScalar(0,255,0), 1);
- 画线段:
// 在(100,100)与(200,200)之间画绿色线段，宽度为1 cvLine(img, cvPoint(100,100), cvPoint(200,200), cvScalar(0,255,0), 1);
- 画一组线段:
CvPoint curve1[]={10,10, 10,100, 100,100, 100,10}; CvPoint curve2[]={30,30, 30,130, 130,130, 130,30, 150,10}; CvPoint* curveArr[2]={curve1, curve2}; int nCurvePts[2]={4,5}; int nCurves=2; int isCurveClosed=1; int lineWidth=1; cvPolyLine(img,curveArr,nCurvePts,nCurves,isCurveClosed,cvScalar(0,255,255),lineWidth); - 画内填充色的多边形:
cvFillPoly(img,curveArr,nCurvePts,nCurves,cvScalar(0,255,255));
- 添加文本:
CvFont font; double hScale=1.0; double vScale=1.0; int lineWidth=1; cvInitFont(&font,CV_FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX|CV_FONT_ITALIC, hScale,vScale,0,lineWidth); cvPutText (img,"My comment",cvPoint(200,400), &font, cvScalar(255,255,0));
Other possible fonts:
CV_FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, CV_FONT_HERSHEY_PLAIN, CV_FONT_HERSHEY_DUPLEX, CV_FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX, CV_FONT_HERSHEY_TRIPLEX, CV_FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX_SMALL, CV_FONT_HERSHEY_SCRIPT_SIMPLEX, CV_FONT_HERSHEY_SCRIPT_COMPLEX,
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