计算机科学概论杂点

The first computing machine to use the idea of storage and programming was called the Jacquard loom.

 One of the first computers based on the von Neumann model was called EDVIC .

A 17th-century computing machine that could perform addition and
subtraction was the Pascaline.

The first electronic special-purpose computer was called ABC.

高级编程语言 separated the programming task from computer operation tasks.

 In a set of 64 symbols, each symbol requires a bit pattern length of
____6____ bits.

2^n=M; n->bit M->symbol

A 32-bit code called __Unicode____ represents symbols in all languages.

When we want to store music in a computer, the audio signal must be
sampled, quantized, and coded.

 For an 8-bit allocation, the smallest decimal number that can be
represented in two's complement form is -128。

 For an 8-bit allocation, the largest decimal number that can be
represented in two's complement form is 127.

In two's complement representation with a 4-bit allocation, we get
____-8____ when we add 1 to 7.

In two's complement representation with a 4-bit allocation, we get
____-6____ when we add 5 to 5.

计算机算法algorithm：解决某一问题的有限步骤。

Software life cycle:

分析、设计、执行、测试。

计算机中三条总线及其作用：

• 数据总线（Data Bus）：在CPU与RAM之间来回传送需要处理或是需要储存的数据。

• 地址总线（Address Bus）：用来指定在RAM（Random Access Memory）之中储存的数据的地址。

• 控制总线（Control Bus）：将微处理器控制单元（Control Unit）的信号，传送到周边设备。