C++实现String类型

        其实C++实现String类型的核心就是对String类型的"+"，"[]"等运算符进行重载，从而达到和string类型一样的效果。 

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class String
{
public:
	String(const char* str=nullptr) 
	{
		if (str != nullptr)
		{
			mystr=new char[strlen(str) + 1];
			strcpy(mystr, str);
		}
		else
		{
			//这里不用mystr=nullptr，主要是因为，一旦这么做了，之后所有String的成员函数都需要进行mystr!=nullptr的判断了
			mystr = new char[1];
			*mystr = '\0';
		}
	}
	~String()
	{}
	String(const String& otherstr)
	{
		mystr = new char[strlen(otherstr.mystr) + 1];
		strcpy(mystr, otherstr.mystr);
	}
	String& operator=(const String& otherstr)
	{
		if (&otherstr == this)return *this;
		delete[]mystr;
		mystr = new char[strlen(otherstr.mystr) + 1];
		strcpy(mystr, otherstr.mystr);
		return *this;
	}
	char& operator[](const int index)//str[2]='e';
	{
		return mystr[index];
	}
	const char& operator[](const int index)const//获取str[2];
	{
		return mystr[index];
	}
	const char* c_str()
	{
		return mystr;
	}
	int length()
	{
		return strlen(mystr);
	}
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const String& str);
	friend String operator+(const String str1, const String str2);
	class iterator
	{
	public:
		iterator(char* p = nullptr) :istr(p)
		{

		}
		bool operator!=(const iterator& it)
		{
			return istr != it.istr;
		}
		void operator++()
		{
			istr++;
		}
		char& operator* ()
		{
			return *istr;
		}
	private:
		char* istr;
	};
	iterator begin() { return iterator(mystr); }
	iterator end() { return iterator(mystr + length()); }
private:
	char* mystr;
	
};
String operator+(const String str1, const String str2)
{
	String str;
	str.mystr=new char[strlen(str1.mystr) + strlen(str2.mystr) + 1];
	strcpy(str.mystr, str1.mystr);
	strcat(str.mystr, str2.mystr);
	return str;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out,const String &str)
{
	out << str.mystr;
	return out;
}
int main()
{
	String str1("hello");
	String::iterator it = str1.begin();
	for (; it != str1.end(); ++it)
	{
		cout << *it;
	}
	for (char p : str1)
	{
		cout << p;
	}
	return 0;
}