Objective-C学习笔记和IOS入门

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-09 01:30:00 发布

Arvon_阿文

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-09 01:30:00 发布

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分类专栏： Ios 文章标签： IOS Objective-C

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/wen942467928/article/details/51352709

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1. main(int argc, char * argv[]){} (因为程序名总是用作启动参数传递，所以argc的值至少是1)

2. NSLog(@"some strings"); @"" --> NSString ； "%@"-->是NSString 的占位符;

3. NSString *getColorName(ShapeColor colorname){return @"red";}

4. @interface Circle : NSObject ; @implementation Circle (实现各个接口中定义的方法)

5. - (void) setColor : (Color) color ; --> void setColor(Color color);

6.[circle setFillColor : red] 函数的调用

7. 接口的定义;
@interface Rectangle : NSObject
{
   ShapeColor   fillColor;
   ShapeRect   bounds;
}

- (void) setFillColor: (ShapeColor) fillColor;

- (void) setBounds: (ShapeRect) bounds;

- (void) draw;

@end // Rectangle

8. 实现

@implementation Rectangle

- (void) setFillColor: (ShapeColor) c
{
   fillColor = c; //类似于 self-->fillColor = c
} // setFillColor

- (void) setBounds: (ShapeRect) b
{
   bounds = b;
} // setBounds

- (void) draw
{
   NSLog (@"drawing a rectangle at (%d %d %d %d) in %@",
           bounds.x, bounds.y,
           bounds.width, bounds.height,
           colorName(fillColor));
} // draw

@end // Rectangle

9. [super setColor : red]

10. 组合
@interface Unicycle : NSObject{
   Tire *tire;
   Pedal * pedal;
}
@end //Unicycle

11. setter and getter
- (Engine *) engine
{
   return (engine);
} // engine

- (void) setEngine: (Engine *) newEngine
{
   engine = newEngine;
} // setEngine

12. @class Tire 类似于import 但不import更有效率
#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>

@class Tire;
@class Engine;

13. 一些有用的数据类型
   结构体：NSRange(location,length) CGPoint(x,y) CGSize(width,height) CGRect(CGPoint,CGSize)
   类： NSString
       --> + (id) stringWithFormat: (NSString *) format,... ;   // + 号代表类方法，也就是静态方法
       NSString *height ;
       height = [NSString stringWithFormat : @"height is %d feet, %d inched",5,11];
       --> -(NSUInteger) length;
       --> -(BOOL) isEqualToString : (NSString *) otherString;
       --> -(BOOL) hasPrefix : (NSStirng *) aString;
       --> -(BOOL) hasSuffix : (NSStirng *) aString;
       --> -(NSRange) rangeOfString (NSStirng *) aString;
       --》-(NSString *) pathExtension; //返回文件的扩展名

          NSMutableString （继承于NSString ，相当于Java中的StringBuffer）
       --> +(id) stringWithCapacity : (NSUInteger) capacity;
       --> -(void) appendString: (NSString *) aString;
       --> -(void) appendFormat: (NSString *) aString;
       --> -(void) deleteCharactersInRange: (NSRange) aRange;

          NSArray (可以存放任意的Objcetive-C的对象) 数组中不能存放nil。
       --> +(id) arrayWithObjects : (NSString *) aString,...,nil ;
           NSArray arr = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"one",@"two",@"three",nil ];
           NSArray arr2 = @[@"one",@"two",@"three"];
       --> -(NSUInteger) count   ;
       --> -(id) objectAtIndex:(NSUInteger) index; arr[index]
           for(NSInteger i = 0; i < [arr ocunt];i++){
               NSLog(@"index %d has %@.",i,arr[i]);
           }

         NSMutableArray
       --> +(id) arrayWithCapacity: (NSUInteger) numItems; //创建可变数组的唯一方式。
       --> -(void) addObect: (id) anObject;
       --> -(void) removeObjectAtIndex: (NSUInteger) index;
       --_ -(void)replaceObjectAtIndex: (NSUInteger) index withObject:(id) object
       --> NSEnumerator *enumeraor = [array objectEnumerator];
            while(id = thingie = [enumeraor nextObject]){//do sth...}
       --> for(NSString *string in array){//do sth...}     //快速枚举
       --> [array enumeratorObejctsUsingBlock: (^)(NSStirng *string,NSUInteger index, BOOL *stop){//do sth...}]; //代码块并发迭代

         NSDictionary
       存
           Tire *t1 = [Tire new];Tire *t2 = [Tire new];Tire *t3 = [Tire new];Tire *t4 = [Tire new];
       -->   NSDictionary *tires = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: t1,@"front-left",t2,@"front-right",t3,@"back-left",t4,@"back-right",nil];
           或者
           NSDictionary *tires = @{@"front-left":t1, @"front-right":t2, @"back-left":t3, @"back-right":t4};
       取
       -->   Tire *tire = [tires objectForKey:@"back-right"];
           或者
           Tire *tire = tires @["back-right"];
         NSMutableDictionary
       -->   +(id) dictionaryWithCapacity : (NSUInteger) numItems ;
        -->   -(void) setObject:(id) anObject forKey:(id)aKey ;

         NSNumber
       +(NSNumber *) numberWithChar: (char) value;
       +(NSNumber *) numberWithInt: (int) value;
       +(NSNumber *) numberWithFloat: (float) value;
       +(NSNumber *) numberWithBool: (BOOL) value;   //BOOL --> struct
       +(NSNumber *) numberWithLong: (long) value;

       -(char) charValue, ...

         NSValue (NSNumber 的父类)
       +(NSValue *)valueWithPoint:(NSPoint)aPoint;
       +(NSValue *)valueWithRect:(NSRect)aRect;
       +(NSValue *)valueWithSize:(NSSize)aSize;
       -(NSPoint) pointValue;
       -(NSRect) rectValue;
       -(NSSize) sizeValue;
       +(NSValue *) valueWithBytes: (const void*) value objCType:(const char *)type;
       -(void)getValue:(void*)buffer;
       NSRect rect =NSMakeRect(1,2,30,40);
       NSValue *value= [NSValue valueWithBytes: &rect objCType:@encode(NSRect)]
       [arr addObject:value];

        NSNull
       +(NSNull *) null; // 这个方法总是返回一样的值

        NSFileManager
       +(id) defaultManager;
       -(NSDirectoryEnumerator *) enumeratorAtPath:(NSString *) path //home = [@"~" stringByExpandingTildeInPath]; 获得mac主目录

14. 内存管理
   - (id) retain ; //引用计数＋1
   - (oneway void) release ; //引用计数-1
   - (NSUInteger) retainCount ; //获取引用计数
   - (id) autorelease ; //将对象添加到自动释放池中

   自动释放池
   方式①：
   @autoreleasepool{}

   方式②：
   NSAutoreleasePool *pool;
   pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];

   ...
   [pool release];

   IOS应用不支持垃圾回收机制取而代之的是ARC(automatic reference counting)自动引用计数。在编译时帮你插入retain 和release语句。
   ARC只对可保留的对象指针有效。可保留的对象指针包括
   1）代码块指针
   2） Objective-C对象指针
   3）通过__attribute__((NSObject)) 类型定义的指针。

   强引用弱引用归零弱引用桥接转换好难好难！！！！！

   项目打开或禁用GC Exception ARC

15. 异常
   @try
   {

   }@catch()
   {

   }@finally
   {

   }

   NSException *e = [NSException exceptionWithName : ...];
   @throw e ;   //or
   [e raise] ;

16 对象初始化
   Car *car = [[Car alloc] init] ;

   -(id) init;
   -(id) initWithFormat: (NSString *) format,...;
   -(id) initWithContentsOfFile :(NSString *) path encoding：(NSStringEncoding) enc error: (NSError) error;

   [[NSString alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:@"/tep/words.txt" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&error];     //第三个参数：没有错误时返回nil
   查看错误的方法 [error localizedDescription]

   %.1f -->一位浮点型

17 @property 属性
   @property float rainHandling; //申明属性的setter和getter方法头文件中
   @property float snowHandling;
   @synthesize rainHandling; //实现属性的setter和getter方法实现文件中有了这四行话就不用自己申明属性了
   @synthesize snowHandling;

   @property (copy) NSString *name; //@property (readonly) NSString *name 只读属性
   @property (retain) Engine *engine;   //可保留指针使用copy和retain特性，不保留指针和其他C类型使用assign特性。默认为assign和nonatomic
   @synthesize name;
   @synthesize engien; //使用 car.name=@"somestring" car.engine=[[Engin alloc] init]

   @property (readonly) float bodyMassIndex;
   @dynamic bodyMassIndex; //告诉编译器不要创建变量或getter方法。可以自己写getter方法。

18 类别 category   //为现有的类添加新的方法的方式
   @interface NSString (NumberConvenience) //NumberConvenience 是 NSString 的类别。不可以在类别中添加实例变量，只能添加 @dynamic的属性
   - (NSNumber *)lengthAsNumber;
   @end


   类扩展
   #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
   @interface Things : NSObject
   @property (assign) NSInteger thing1;
   @property (readonly, assign) NSInteger thing2;

   - (void)resetAllValues;
   @end

   ----------------------------
   #import "Things.h"

   @interface Things ()
   {
        NSInteger thing4;
   }
   @property (readwrite, assign) NSInteger thing2;
   @property (assign) NSInteger thing3;
   @end

   @implementation Things
   @synthesize thing1;
   @synthesize thing2;
   @synthesize thing3;

   利用类别分散实现代码
   委托类别 *** 委托是一种对象，由另一个类请求执行某些操作




   #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

   @interface ITunesFinder : NSObject <NSNetServiceBrowserDelegate>
   @end // ITunesFinder
   ---------------------------------

   #import "ITunesFinder.h"

   @implementation ITunesFinder

   - (void) netServiceBrowser:(NSNetServiceBrowser *) b
            didFindService:(NSNetService *) service
           moreComing:(BOOL) moreComing
   {
        [service resolveWithTimeout:10];

        NSLog (@"found one! Name is %@", [service name]);

   } // didFindService

   - (void) netServiceBrowser:(NSNetServiceBrowser *) b
          didRemoveService:(NSNetService *) service
           moreComing:(BOOL) moreComing
   {
        [service resolveWithTimeout:10];

        NSLog (@"lost one! Name is %@", [service name]);

   } // didRemoveService

   @end // ITunesFinder

   ----------------------------------

   NSNetServiceBrowser *browser = [[NSNetServiceBrowser alloc] init];

        ITunesFinder *finder = [[ITunesFinder alloc] init];

        [browser setDelegate: finder];
        [browser searchForServicesOfType:@"_daap._tcp"
                                inDomain:@"local."];

        NSLog (@"begun browsing");

        [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] run]; //run循环程序将被阻塞到这里


   ----------------------------------

   非正式协议：所有的类都有可能成为委托对象。非正式协议是NSObject的一个类别

   响应选择器： NSObject 提供了respondsToSelector:的方法，用以询问委托对象能都执行某个特定的消息
   例如 [car responsToSelector: @selector(setEngien:)]

19. 协议
   正式协议   类似于Java中的接口
       声明：
       @protocol NSCopying
       - (id) copyWithZone: (NSZone *) zone;
       @end

       继承
       @protocol MyProtocol <NSCopying[,...]>
       ...
       @end

       采用协议 (类似于Java里的实现接口)
       @interface Engine : NSObject <NSCopying>
       @end // Engine

       @implementation Engine

       - (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone
       {
           Engine *engineCopy = [[[self class] allocWithZone:zone] init];

           return (engineCopy);

       } // copyWithZone



20. 代码块：代码块本质上是和其他变量类似。不同的是，代码块存储的数据是一个函数体。使用代码块是，你可以像调用其他标准函数一样，传入参数数，并得到返回值。
   语法： int (^myBlock)(int) =^(int num){
           return num * 7;
       }

   example1:
       void(^pBlock)(NSString *x);
       pBlock = ^(NSString *str){
           NSLog(@"print:@",str)
       }

       pBlock("hello block")

   example2:
   NSArray *stringArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"abc 1", @"abc 21", @"abc 12",@"abc 13",@"abc 05",nil];
       NSComparator sortBlock = ^(id string1, id string2)
       {
           return [string1 compare:string2];
    };
       NSArray *sortArray = [stringArray sortedArrayUsingComparator:sortBlock];
    NSLog(@"sortArray:%@", sortArray);

   example3:   //代码块想要递归调用，代码块变量必须是全局变量或者是静态变量，这样在程序启动的时候代码块变量就初始化了，可以递归调用
       static void (^ const blocks)(int) = ^(int i)
           {
                  if (i > 0) {
                      NSLog(@"num:%d", i);
                      blocks(i - 1);
                  }
           };
           blocks(3);

   example4: //在代码块中可以使用和改变全局变量，如果是局部变量，需要加上__block; __block int local = 500;
       int global = 1000;
           int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
           {
              @autoreleasepool {
                  void(^block)(void) = ^(void)
                   {
                          global++;
                       NSLog(@"global:%d", global);
                   };
                   block();
                   NSLog(@"global:%d", global);
           }
           return 0;
           }


21.KVC : KEY-VALUE-CODING   用以获取类的属性和一般属性
   #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
   @class Course;
   @interface Student : NSObject
   {
      NSString *name;
        Course *course;
      NSInteger point;
       NSArray *otherStudent;
   }
   @end
---------------------------------------
    #import "Student.h"
    #import "Course.h"
    int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
    {
        @autoreleasepool {
            Student *student = [[[Student alloc]init ]autorelease];
            [student setValue:@"张三" forKey:@"name"];
            NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"name"];
            NSLog(@"学生姓名:%@",name);

            [student setValue:@"88" forKey:@"point"];
            NSString *point = [student valueForKey:@"point"];
            NSLog(@"分数:%@", point);

            Student *student1 = [[[Student alloc]init]autorelease];
            Student *student2 = [[[Student alloc]init]autorelease];
            Student *student3 = [[[Student alloc]init]autorelease];
            [student1 setValue:@"65" forKey:@"point"];
            [student2 setValue:@"77" forKey:@"point"];
            [student3 setValue:@"99" forKey:@"point"];
            NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:student1,student2,student3,nil];
            [student setValue:array forKey:@"otherStudent"];
            NSLog(@"其他学生的成绩%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.point"]);
            NSLog(@"共%@个学生", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@count"]);
            NSLog(@"最高成绩:%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@max.point"]);
            NSLog(@"最低成绩:%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@min.point"]);
            NSLog(@"平均成绩:%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@avg.point"]);
        }
        return 0;
    }

22.KVO：Key Value Observing
    #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
    @interface Student : NSObject
    {
        NSString *name;
        NSString *courseName;
    }
    -(void)changeCourseName:(NSString*) newCourseName;
    @end

----------------------------------------
   #import "Student.h"

   @implementation Student
   -(void)changeCourseName:(NSString*) newCourseName
   {
           courseName = newCourseName;
   }
   @end
------------------------------
    #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
    @class Student;
    @interface PageView : NSObject
    {
        Student *student;
    }
    -(id)init:(Student*)initStudent;
    @end
-----------------------------------
    #import "PageView.h"
    #import "Student.h"

    @implementation PageView
    -(id)init:(Student*)initStudent
    {
        if (self = [super init]) {
            student = initStudent;
            [student addObserver:self
                      forKeyPath:@"courseName"
                         options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld
                                |NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil];
        }
        return self;
    }

    - (void) dealloc{
        [student removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"courseName" context:nil];
        [super dealloc];
    }

    -(void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath
                         ofObject:(id)object
                           change:(NSDictionary *)change
                          context:(void *)context
    {
        if ([keyPath isEqual:@"courseName"]) {
            NSLog(@"PageView课程被改变了");
            NSLog(@"PageView新课程是:%@ 老课程是:%@", [change objectForKey:@"new"],[change objectForKey:@"old"]);
        }
    }
    @end

------------------------------------------------
    #import "Student.h"
    #import "Course.h"
    #import "PageView.h"

    int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
    {
        @autoreleasepool {
            Student *student = [[[Student alloc]init]autorelease];
            [student changeCourseName:@"数学课"];
            NSLog(@"初始值:%@", [student valueForKey:@"courseName"]);

            //创建页面实例
            PageView *pageview = [[[PageView alloc]init:student]autorelease];

            [student setValue:@"化学课" forKey:@"courseName"];

        }
        return 0;
    }

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

23. Objective-C的选择器 @selector(),
   其作用相当于函数指针，现在我看到的大多说用法都是在调用某些函数需要传递一个函数指针参数时，使用@selector。它会在当前类里面查找selector后面所跟的函数，返回一个   SEL类型的值。
   SEL变量的执行.用performSelecor方法来执行.
   [对象　performSelector:SEL变量　withObject:参数1　withObject:参数2];
   在调用respondsToSelector:@selector(method)时，这个method只有在该方法存在参数时需要 ":"，如果该方法不需要参数就不需要加这个冒号。否则，编译不会报错，只是执行返   回的值不对。当然如果方法有多个参数，需要多个冒号，参数有名称的需要带上参数名称。
   如：有如下方法：
   -(NSString*)toXmlString;
   此时调用类似于：
   [self respondsToSelector:@selector(toXmlString)]
   如果toXmlString方法的定义为：
   -(NSString*)toXmlString:(NSString*)prefix;
   那么调用就必须加上冒号，如：[self respondsToSelector:@selector(toXmlString:)]
   ·-(BOOL) isKindOfClass: classObj 用来判断是否是某个类或其子类的实例
   ·-(BOOL) isMemberOfClass: classObj 用来判断是否是某个类的实例
   ·-(BOOL) respondsToSelector: selector 用来判断是否有以某个名字命名的方法(被封装在一个selector的对象里传递)
   ·+(BOOL) instancesRespondToSelector: selector 用来判断实例是否有以某个名字命名的方法. 和上面一个不同之处在于, 前面这个方法可以用在实例和类上，而此方法只能用在       类上.
   ·-(id) performSelector: selector 执行某个方法

    @interface foo
    -(int)add:int val;
    @end


    SEL class_func ; //定义一个类方法指针
    class_func = @selector(add:int);

    注意1. @selector是查找当前类的方法，而[object @selector(方法名:方法参数..) ] ;是取object对应类的相庆方法.

    SEL shootSelector = @selector(shoot);
    SEL shootAtSelector = @selector(shootAt:);
    SEL moveToSelector = @selector(moveTo:withPenColor:);

   [obj performSelector:shootSelector]; 无参数的SEL
   [obj performSelector:shootAtSelector withObject:coordinate];有一个参数的SEL。

24.

IOS 部分（内容大部分来自http://blog.csdn.net/totogo2010/这位博主的文章）

Views
-(void)addSubView:(UIView *)aView;

-(void)removeFromSuperview;

通过父view添加子view

通过子view自己移除自己

view的坐标系统

单位：

CGFloat ,是个float数字,在obj-c里就要用这个单位

CGPoint，是个C结构体，CGPoint p = CGPointMake(33.2.22.3); 表示位置。

CGSize, 是个结构体，表示大小。

CGRect :由一个 CGPoint和一个CGSize组成

CGRect labelRect = CGRectMake(20, 20, 50, 30);
UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:labelRect];
label.text = @”Hello!”;
[self.view addSubview:label];

drawRect

怎么绘图呢？覆盖一个方法：-(void)drawRect:(CGRect)aRect;

红色警告：决不能自己调用drawRect:。系统调用这个方法。如果你需要重绘怎么办？发送这两个消息

view plain copy

    - (void)setNeedsDisplay;
    - (void)setNeedsDisplayInRect:(CGRect)aRect;

CGContextRef context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();

画文字
用UILabel
    UIFont *myFont = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:12.0];
    UIFont *theFont = [UIFont fontWithName:@“Helvetica” size:36.0];
    NSArray *availableFonts = [UIFont familyNames];
    NSString *text = ...;
    [text drawAtPoint:(CGPoint)p withFont:theFont]; // NSString instance method

画图像
UIImageView
UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:@“foo.jpg”];

    UIImage *image = [[UIImage alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)fullPath];
    UIImage *image = [[UIImage alloc] initWithData:(NSData *)imageData];

    UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(CGSize);
    // draw with CGContext functions
    UIImage *myImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentContext();
    UIGraphicsEndImageContext();

[image drawAtPoint:(CGPoint)p];
[image drawInRect:(CGRect)r];
[image drawAsPatternInRect:(CGRect)patRect;

手势识别
    - (void)setPannableView:(UIView *)pannableView
          {
              _pannableView = pannableView;
              UIPanGestureRecognizer *pangr =
                  [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:pannableView action:@selector(pan:)];
              [pannableView addGestureRecognizer:pangr];
    }

UIPinchGestureRecognizer 缩放
UIRotationGestureRecognizer 旋转手势，两个手指按下，然后旋转，是个弧度，不是角度。
UISwipeGestureRecognizer    滑动手势，一个或多个手指滑动，
UITapGestureRecognizer 点击手势

NINetworkImageView   是Nimbus下载图片的类

plist文件是什么呢？它全名是：Property List

    <strong>- (void)viewDidLoad
    {
        [super viewDidLoad];
        //读取plist

        NSString *plistPath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"plistdemo" ofType:@"plist"];
        NSMutableDictionary *data = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:plistPath];
        NSLog(@"%@", data);

        //添加一项内容
        [data setObject:@"add some content" forKey:@"c_key"];

        //获取应用程序沙盒的Documents目录
        NSArray *paths=NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory,NSUserDomainMask,YES);
        NSString *plistPath1 = [paths objectAtIndex:0];

        //得到完整的文件名
        NSString *filename=[plistPath1 stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"test.plist"];
       //输入写入
        [data writeToFile:filename atomically:YES];

        //那怎么证明我的数据写入了呢？读出来看看
        NSMutableDictionary *data1 = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:filename];
        NSLog(@"%@", data1);


        // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
    }
    </strong>

获取程序的Home目录
NSString *homeDirectory = NSHomeDirectory

获取document目录();
NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
NSString *path = [paths objectAtIndex:0];

获取Cache目录
NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
NSString *path = [paths objectAtIndex:0];

获取Library目录
NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSLibraryDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
NSString *path = [paths objectAtIndex:0];

获取Tmp目录
NSString *tmpDir = NSTemporaryDirectory();

写入文件
    NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
        NSString *docDir = [paths objectAtIndex:0];
        if (!docDir) {
            NSLog(@"Documents 目录未找到");
        }
        NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"内容",@"content",nil];
        NSString *filePath = [docDir stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"testFile.txt"];
        [array writeToFile:filePath atomically:YES];

读取文件
    NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
        NSString *docDir = [paths objectAtIndex:0];
        NSString *filePath = [docDir stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"testFile.txt"];
        NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc]initWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
        NSLog(@"%@", array);

在Documents里创建目录
NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
   NSString *documentsDirectory = [paths objectAtIndex:0];
   NSLog(@"documentsDirectory%@",documentsDirectory);
   NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
   NSString *testDirectory = [documentsDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"test"];
   // 创建目录
   [fileManager createDirectoryAtPath:testDirectory withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:nil];

在test目录下创建文件
NSString *testPath = [testDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"test00.txt"];
NSString *string = @"写入内容，write String";
[fileManager createFileAtPath:testPath contents:[string dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] attributes:nil];

获取目录列里所有文件名
两种方法获取：NSFileManager 的 subpathsOfDirectoryAtPath 和 subpathsAtPath 方法

fileManager使用操作当前目录
//创建文件管理器
    NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSString *documentsDirectory = [paths objectAtIndex:0];
    //更改到待操作的目录下
    [fileManager changeCurrentDirectoryPath:[documentsDirectory stringByExpandingTildeInPath]];
    //创建文件fileName文件名称，contents文件的内容，如果开始没有内容可以设置为nil，attributes文件的属性，初始为nil
    NSString * fileName = @"testFileNSFileManager.txt";
    NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"hello world",@"hello world1", @"hello world2",nil];
    [fileManager createFileAtPath:fileName contents:array attributes:nil];

//changeCurrentDirectoryPath目录更改到当前操作目录时，做文件读写就很方便了，不用加上全路径

[fileManager removeItemAtPath:fileName error:nil]; //删除文件

混合数据的读写
    NSString * fileName = @"testFileNSFileManager.txt";
    NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSString *documentsDirectory = [paths objectAtIndex:0];
    //获取文件路径
    NSString *path = [documentsDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:fileName];
    //待写入的数据
    NSString *temp = @"nihao 世界";
    int dataInt = 1234;
    float dataFloat = 3.14f;
    //创建数据缓冲
    NSMutableData *writer = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];
    //将字符串添加到缓冲中
    [writer appendData:[temp dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
    //将其他数据添加到缓冲中
    [writer appendBytes:&dataInt length:sizeof(dataInt)];
    [writer appendBytes:&dataFloat length:sizeof(dataFloat)];
    //将缓冲的数据写入到文件中
    [writer writeToFile:path atomically:YES];

    //读取数据：
       int intData;
       float floatData = 0.0;
       NSString *stringData;

       NSData *reader = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:path];
       stringData = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:[reader subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(0, [temp length])]
                                      encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
       [reader getBytes:&intData range:NSMakeRange([temp length], sizeof(intData))];
       [reader getBytes:&floatData range:NSMakeRange([temp length] + sizeof(intData), sizeof(floatData))];
       NSLog(@"stringData:%@ intData:%d floatData:%f", stringData, intData, floatData);

NSBundle介绍和使用

bundle是一个目录,其中包含了程序会使用到的资源.这些资源包含了如图像,声音,编译好的代码,nib文件(用户也会把bundle称为plug-in).对应bundle,

cocoa提供了类NSBundle.

    //    通过使用下面的方法得到程序的main bundle
        NSBundle *mainBundle = [NSBundle mainBundle];

        NSString *imagePath = [mainBundle pathForResource:@"QQ20120616-1" ofType:@"png"];
        NSLog(@"%@", imagePath);
        UIImage *image = [[UIImage alloc]initWithContentsOfFile:imagePath];
        UIImageView *imageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:image];
        [self.view addSubview:imageView];

UINavigationController
UIDatePicker
WebView
UIPickerView
Resource 中的Settings Bundle   打开这个程序的设置

NSThread 有两种直接创建方式：

- (id)initWithTarget:(id)target selector:(SEL)selector object:(id)argument
+ (void)detachNewThreadSelector:(SEL)aSelector toTarget:(id)aTarget withObject:(id)anArgument

NSOperation
NSInvocationOperation *operation = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc]initWithTarget:self
                                                                           selector:@selector(downloadImage:)
                                                                             object:kURL];
NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];
[queue addOperation:operation];

Grand Central Dispatch
    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
        // 耗时的操作
        dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
            // 更新界面
        });
    });

应用程序的状态

状态如下：

Not running 未运行程序没启动

Inactive          未激活        程序在前台运行，不过没有接收到事件。在没有事件处理情况下程序通常停留在这个状态

Active             激活           程序在前台运行而且接收到了事件。这也是前台的一个正常的模式

Backgroud     后台           程序在后台而且能执行代码，大多数程序进入这个状态后会在在这个状态上停留一会。时间到之后会进入挂起状态(Suspended)。有的程序经过特殊的请求后可以长期处于Backgroud状态

Suspended    挂起           程序在后台不能执行代码。系统会自动把程序变成这个状态而且不会发出通知。当挂起时，程序还是停留在内存中的，当系统内存低时，系统就把挂起的程序清除掉，为前台程序提供更多的内存。

各个程序运行状态时代理的回调：

- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application willFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions
      告诉代理进程启动但还没进入状态保存
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions
     告诉代理启动基本完成程序准备开始运行
- (void)applicationWillResignActive:(UIApplication *)application
    当应用程序将要入非活动状态执行，在此期间，应用程序不接收消息或事件，比如来电话了
- (void)applicationDidBecomeActive:(UIApplication *)application
     当应用程序入活动状态执行，这个刚好跟上面那个方法相反
- (void)applicationDidEnterBackground:(UIApplication *)application
    当程序被推送到后台的时候调用。所以要设置后台继续运行，则在这个函数里面设置即可
- (void)applicationWillEnterForeground:(UIApplication *)application
   当程序从后台将要重新回到前台时候调用，这个刚好跟上面的那个方法相反。
- (void)applicationWillTerminate:(UIApplication *)application
   当程序将要退出是被调用，通常是用来保存数据和一些退出前的清理工作。这个需要要设置UIApplicationExitsOnSuspend的键值。
- (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication*)application
   当程序载入后执行

NSDate工厂类方法：

+ (id)dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:(NSTimeInterval)secs;
+ (id)dateWithTimeIntervalSinceReferenceDate:(NSTimeInterval)secs;
+ (id)dateWithTimeIntervalSince1970:(NSTimeInterval)secs;

NSData提供下面的工厂方法：

+ (id)dataWithBytes:(const void *)bytes length:(unsigned)length;
+ (id)dataWithBytesNoCopy:(void *)bytes length:(unsigned)length;
+ (id)dataWithBytesNoCopy:(void *)bytes length:(unsigned)length
        freeWhenDone:(BOOL)b;
+ (id)dataWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path;
+ (id)dataWithContentsOfURL:(NSURL *)url;
+ (id)dataWithContentsOfMappedFile:(NSString *)path;

内省是对象自己检查自己做为运行时对象详细信息的一种能力。这些详细信息包括对象在继承树上的位置，对象是否遵循特定的协议，以及是否可以响应特定的消息。NSObject协议和类定义了很多内省方法，用于查询运行时信息，以便根据对象的特征进行识别。

实现单例的代码例子：

static MyGizmoClass *sharedGizmoManager = nil;

+ (MyGizmoClass*)sharedManager
{
    @synchronized(self) {
        if (sharedGizmoManager == nil) {
            [[self alloc] init]; // assignment not done here
        }
    }
    return sharedGizmoManager;
}

+ (id)allocWithZone:(NSZone *)zone
{
    @synchronized(self) {
        if (sharedGizmoManager == nil) {
            sharedGizmoManager = [super allocWithZone:zone];
            return sharedGizmoManager; // assignment and return on first allocation
        }
    }
    return nil; //on subsequent allocation attempts return nil
}

- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone
{
    return self;
}

- (id)retain
{
    return self;
}

- (unsigned)retainCount
{
    return UINT_MAX; //denotes an object that cannot be released
}

- (void)release
{
    //do nothing
}

- (id)autorelease
{
    return self;
}

ARC技术结合GCD来实现单例模式：

+ (id)sharedInstance
{
static dispatch_once_t pred = 0;
__strong static id _sharedObject = nil;
dispatch_once(&pred, ^{
    _sharedObject = [[self alloc] init]; // or some other init method
});
return _sharedObject;
}

动画

[UIView beginAnimations:@"animation" context:nil];
   [UIView setAnimationDuration:1.0f];
   [UIView setAnimationCurve:UIViewAnimationCurveEaseInOut];
    [UIView setAnimationTransition:UIViewAnimationTransitionFlipFromRight forView:self.view cache:YES];
    [UIView commitAnimations];

动画的常量有以下5种

   UIViewAnimationTransitionNone,
   UIViewAnimationTransitionFlipFromLeft,
   UIViewAnimationTransitionFlipFromRight,
   UIViewAnimationTransitionCurlUp,
   UIViewAnimationTransitionCurlDown,

交换本视图控制器中2个view位置
    [self.view exchangeSubviewAtIndex:1 withSubviewAtIndex:0];

在commitAnimations消息之前，可以设置动画完成后的回调，设置方法是：

    [UIView setAnimationDidStopSelector:@selector(animationFinish:)];

CALayer
CAAnimation
CAAction 协议。该协议为图层触发一个动画动作提供了提供标准化响应。
CATransition 提供了一个图层变化的过渡效果,它能影响图层的整个内容。动画进行的时候淡入淡出(fade)、推(push)、显露(reveal)图层的内容。
CAAnimationGroup 允许一系列动画效果组合在一起,并行显示动画。

CAAnimationGroup *animGroup = [CAAnimationGroup animation];
animGroup.animations = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:moveAnim,scaleAnim,opacityAnim, nil];
animGroup.duration = 1;
[view.layer addAnimation:animGroup forKey:nil];

使用手势很简单，分为两步：

    创建手势实例。当创建手势时，指定一个回调方法，当手势开始，改变、或结束时，回调方法被调用。
    添加到需要识别的View中。每个手势只对应一个View，当屏幕触摸在View的边界内时，如果手势和预定的一样，那就会回调方法。

Macbook SSD硬盘空间不够用了？来个Xcode大瘦身吧！：

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5OTU3NjAxNA==&mid=2653645902&idx=1&sn=b880260a997bcaf0dab4a788444d4bbb&scene=0&key=b28b03434249256b7333889a11e33c97056cbf31bb6205da175c1d50f0cf314f26de5cf422b9c6a8cf584f447d9c828c&ascene=0&uin=OTgxODI2NDQw&devicetype=iMac+MacBookPro12%2C1+OSX+OSX+10.11.4+build%2815E65%29&version=11020201&pass_ticket=%2B9iZ5oHULJgM8PEtJyiEiooAxl%2FEDiui7%2FVM4jE5i5LdowfuzDEK1L04O7u4GHws

android
cardview : http://blog.csdn.net/a396901990/article/details/40153759

RTEditor

IOS framework ： http://foggry.com/blog/2014/04/25/githubyou-xiu-xiang-mu-ios/

Arvon_阿文

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Objective-C学习笔记和IOS入门

1. main(int argc, char * argv[]){} (因为程序名总是用作启动参数传递，所以argc的值至少是1)2. NSLog(@"some strings"); @"" --> NSString ； "%@"-->是NSString 的占位符; 3. NSString *getColorName(ShapeColor colorname){return @
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