condition_variable条件变量

有次面试，面试官问我有没有了解过条件变量（之前看的Linux高性能服务器编程书中，绝对提到了这个，都忘光了），我回答没有。。。。
今天回过头来，整理一下。

这里是引用Condition variable
A condition variable is an object able to block the calling thread until notified to resume.It uses a unique_lock (over a mutex) to lock the thread when one of its wait functions is called. The thread remains blocked until woken up by another thread that calls a notification function on the same condition_variable object.Objects of type condition_variable always use unique_lock to wait: for an alternative that works with any kind of lockable type, see condition_variable_any

这是cplusplus对条件编程的定义。condition_variable使用时需要结合unique_lock一块使用，因为guard_lock仅仅依靠了RAII，并没有对锁的粒度进一步操控。condition_variable有两个基本操作wait和notify，这两个操作有几个相应的构造函数，对应是何条件（判断条件，事件条件）。举一个例子

#include <condition_variable>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <mutex>

std::mutex mtx;
std::condition_variable cv;
volatile static int cargo = 0;

bool shipment_available()
{
    return cargo != 0;
}

void productor()
{
    for(int i = 0;i < 100;i++)
    {
        while(shipment_available())
            this_thread::yield();
        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> ul(mtx);
        cargo = i+1;
        cv.notify_one();
    }
}
void consumer(int n)
{
    for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)
    {
        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> ul(mtx);
        cv.wait(ul, shipment_available);
        cout << cargo << "\n";
        cargo = 0;
    }
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{

    thread pro(productor);
    thread con(consumer, 100);

    pro.join();
    con.join();
    return 0;
}