网络通信1—TCP程序编写步骤（参照 Ubuntu 16.04 版本）

• TCP基础模型

1. 服务器流程
   1. step 1：创建 socke() 套接字接口并判断

listenfd = socket（AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0）;

if (listenfd == -1)

{perror("socket failed");return -1;}

2. step 2：设置 IP 和 Port

memset (&seraddr, 0, sizeof(seraddr));

seraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;

seraddr.sin_port = htons(8888);

seraddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");

3. step 3：绑定 IP 和 Port 并判断

ret = bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&seraddr, sizeof(seraddr));

if (ret == -1)

{perror("bind failed");return -1;}

4. step 4：监听连接并判断

ret = listen(listenfd, 5);

if (ret == -1)

{perror("listen failed");return -1;}

5. step 5：接受连接请求并判断

connfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, &addrlen);

if (connfd == -1)

{perror("accept failed");return -1;}

printf("connect sucessfully: client IP: %s, Port: %d\n", inet_ntoa(cliaddr.sin_addr), ntohs(cliaddr.sin_port)）;

6. step 6：接收数据并判断

ret = recv(connfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);

if (ret == -1)

{perror("recv failed");return -1;}

printf("recv from client: %s\nrecv %d bytes\n", buf, ret);

7. step 7：发送数据并判断

ret = send(connfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);

if (ret == -1)

{perror("send failed");return -1;}

printf("send successfully!\n");

8. step 8：关闭连接

close(connfd);

9. step 9：检查头文件和变量是否定义

客户端流程

1. step 1：创建 socke() 套接字接口并判断

connfd = socket（AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0）;

if (connfd == -1)

{perror("socket failed");return -1;}

2. step 2：设置服务器 IP 和 Port

memset (&seraddr, 0, sizeof(seraddr));

seraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;

seraddr.sin_port = htons(8888);

seraddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");

3. step 3：发送连接请求并判断

ret = connect(connfd, (struct sockaddr *)&seraddr, sizeof(seraddr));

if (ret == -1)

{perror("connect faile");return -1;}

printf("connect sucessfully!\n");

4. step 4：发送数据并判断

ret = send(connfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);

if (ret == -1)

{perror("send faile");return -1;}

printf("send successfully!");

5. step 5：接收数据

ret = recv(connfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);

if (ret == -1)

{perror("recv faile");return -1;}

printf("%s\n", buf);

6. step 6：关闭连接

close(connfd);

7. step 7：检查头文件和变量是否定义

• TCP 循环服务器模型

1. 服务器流程
   1. step 1：创建 socke() 套接字接口并判断

listenfd = socket（AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0）;

if (listenfd == -1)

{perror("socket failed");return -1;}

2. step 2：设置 IP 和 Port

memset (&seraddr, 0, sizeof(seraddr));

seraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;

seraddr.sin_port = htons(8888);

seraddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");

3. step 3：绑定 IP 和 Port 并判断

ret = bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&seraddr, sizeof(seraddr));

if (ret == -1)

{perror("bind failed");return -1;}

4. step 4：监听连接并判断

ret = listen(listenfd, 5);

if (ret == -1)

{perror("listen failed");return -1;}

5. step 5：设置循环连接

while(1)

6. step 6：接受连接请求并判断

connfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, &addrlen);

if (connfd == -1)

{perror("accept failed");return -1;}

printf("connect sucessfully: client IP: %s, Port: %d\n", inet_ntoa(cliaddr.sin_addr), ntohs(cliaddr.sin_port)）;

7. step 7：循环接收数据，直达条件满足退出

while(1)

8. step 8：接收数据并判断

ret = recv(connfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);

if (ret == -1)

{perror("recv failed");return -1;}

9. step 9：设置跳出循环的条件

if (!strncmp("quit", buf, 4))

break;

printf("recv from client: %s\nrecv %d bytes\n", buf, ret);

10. step 10：发送数据并判断

ret = send(connfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);

if (ret == -1)

{perror("send failed");return -1;}

printf("send successfully!\n");

11. step 11：关闭连接

close(connfd);

12. step 12：检查头文件和变量是否定义

客户端流程

1. step 1：创建 socke() 套接字接口并判断

connfd = socket（AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0）;

if (connfd == -1)

{perror("socket failed");return -1;}

2. step 2：设置服务器 IP 和 Port

memset (&seraddr, 0, sizeof(seraddr));

seraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;

seraddr.sin_port = htons(8888);

seraddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");

3. step 3：发送连接请求并判断

ret = connect(connfd, (struct sockaddr *)&seraddr, sizeof(seraddr));

if (ret == -1)

{perror("connect faile");return -1;}

printf("connect sucessfully!\n");

4. step 4：设置数据循环，并获取标准输入的数据

while (1)

{fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin);

buf[strlen(buf)-1] = '\0';

...}

5. step 5：发送数据并判断

ret = send(connfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);

if (ret == -1)

{perror("send faile");return -1;}

printf("send successfully!");

6. step 6：设置退出条件

if (!strncmp("quit", buf, 4))

break;

7. step 7：接收数据

ret = recv(connfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);

if (ret == -1)

{perror("recv faile");return -1;}

printf("%s\n", buf);

8. step 8：关闭连接

close(connfd);

9. step 9：检查头文件和变量是否定义

• TCP 并发服务器模型

1. 服务器流程
   1. step 1：创建 socke() 套接字接口并判断

listenfd = socket（AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0）;

if (listenfd == -1)

{perror("socket failed");return -1;}

2. step 2：设置 IP 和 Port

memset (&seraddr, 0, sizeof(seraddr));

seraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;

seraddr.sin_port = htons(8888);

seraddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");

3. step 3：绑定 IP 和 Port 并判断

ret = bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&seraddr, sizeof(seraddr));

if (ret == -1)

{perror("bind failed");return -1;}

4. step 4：监听连接并判断

ret = listen(listenfd, 5);

if (ret == -1)

{perror("listen failed");return -1;}

5. step 5：设置信号处理防止僵尸进程

signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_IGN);

6. step 6：设置循环建立连接

while(1)

7. step 7：接受连接请求并判断

connfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, &addrlen);

if (connfd == -1)

{perror("accept failed");return -1;}

printf("connect sucessfully: client IP: %s, Port: %d\n", inet_ntoa(cliaddr.sin_addr), ntohs(cliaddr.sin_port)）;

8. step 8：创建子进程并判断

pid = fork();

if (pid == -1)

{perror("fork create");return -1}

9. step 9：设置父进程关闭连接并重新建立链接

if (pid > 0)

{close(connfd);continue;}

10. step 10：子进程关闭监听，并循环接收数据

close(listenfd);

while(1)

11. step 11：接收数据并判断

ret = recv(connfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);

if (ret == -1)

{perror("recv failed");return -1;}

12. step 12：设置跳出循环的条件

if (!strncmp("quit", buf, 4))

break;

printf("recv from client: %s\nrecv %d bytes\n", buf, ret);

13. step 10：发送数据并判断

ret = send(connfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);

if (ret == -1)

{perror("send failed");return -1;}

printf("send successfully!\n");

14. step 11：关闭连接同时退出进程

close(connfd);

exit(0);

15. step 12：检查头文件和变量是否定义

客户端流程

1. step 1：创建 socke() 套接字接口并判断

connfd = socket（AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0）;

if (connfd == -1)

{perror("socket failed");return -1;}

2. step 2：设置服务器 IP 和 Port

memset (&seraddr, 0, sizeof(seraddr));

seraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;

seraddr.sin_port = htons(8888);

seraddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");

3. step 3：发送连接请求并判断

ret = connect(connfd, (struct sockaddr *)&seraddr, sizeof(seraddr));

if (ret == -1)

{perror("connect faile");return -1;}

printf("connect sucessfully!\n");

4. step 4：设置数据循环，并获取标准输入的数据

while (1)

{fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin);

buf[strlen(buf)-1] = '\0';

...}

5. step 5：发送数据并判断

ret = send(connfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);

if (ret == -1)

{perror("send faile");return -1;}

printf("send successfully!");

6. step 6：设置退出条件

if (!strncmp("quit", buf, 4))

break;

7. step 7：接收数据

ret = recv(connfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);

if (ret == -1)

{perror("recv faile");return -1;}

printf("%s\n", buf);

8. step 8：关闭连接

close(connfd);

9. step 9：检查头文件和变量是否定义