《智能家居系统》5

Linux驱动程序开发

1、设置一个module

在linux系统中，每个驱动程序都是一个独立的模块。设计驱动的时候，首先要设计一个module，module相当于存放驱动的一个盒子。

module的组成：

1）、模块的入口和出口

static int __init gec6818_led_init(void)
{

	//安装驱动

}

static void __exit gec6818_led_exit(void)
{
	//卸载
}
module_init(gec6818_led_init);//入口函数
module_exit(gec6818_led_exit);//出口函数

说明：
#insmod led_drv.ko --->module_init()--->驱动程序的安装函数gec6818_led_init()

#rmmod led_drv.ko --->module_exit()--->驱动程序的卸载函数gec6818_led_exit()

2）、模块的描述

//module的描述，不是必需的。#modinfo led_drv.ko
MODULE_AUTHOR("bobeyfeng@163.com");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("led driver for GEC6818");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); //符合GPL协议
MODULE_VERSION("V1.0");

2、定义一个cdev

cdev使用来描述一个字符设备的。在linux系统中，最常见的驱动模型就是字符设备驱动模型（cdev）。

static struct cdev led_cdev;

3、给cdev申请设备号

设备号-----是一个32bits的无符号整形值，是字符设备驱动的ID。

//申请设备号（静态注册 or 动态分配）
if(led_major == 0){
	ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&led_dev_num, led_minor, 1,
		"led_device");			
}else{
	led_dev_num = MKDEV(led_major,led_minor);
	ret = register_chrdev_region(led_dev_num, 1, "led_device");
}
if(ret < 0){
	printk("can not get led device number\n");
	return ret; //返回错误的原因
}

4、给应用程序提供访问的接口

//定义文件操作集，并对文件操作集进行初始化

应用程序的open函数----fd = open("/dev/led_drv", O_WRONLY);

static int gec6818_led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
	printk("led driver is openning\n");	
	return 0;
}

应用程序的write函数-----write(fd, buf, 2)

static ssize_t gec6818_led_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t len, loff_t *off)
{
	//接收应用程序写下来的数据，并用这些数据来控制LED灯。
	//定义一个数据的协议：应用程序写下来的数据有两个字节，buf[1]--->哪一站灯：8,9,10,11
	                                                 //buf[0]--->LED灯的状态：1---亮，0---灯灭
	int ret;
	char led_flag[2];
	if(len != 2)
		return -EINVAL;
	ret = copy_from_user(led_flag, buf, len);
	if(ret < 0)
		return -EFAULT;
	switch(led_flag[1]){
	case 8: //GPIOC17
		if(led_flag[0] == 1)
			*(unsigned int *)GPIOCOUT &= ~(1<<17); //虚拟地址-->物理地址-->寄存器-->控制GPIO
		else if(led_flag[0] == 0)
			*(unsigned int *)GPIOCOUT |= (1<<17);
		else 
			return -EINVAL;
		break;
		
	case 9: //GPIOC8
		if(led_flag[0] == 1)
			*(unsigned int *)GPIOCOUT &= ~(1<<8);
		else if(led_flag[0] == 0)
			*(unsigned int *)GPIOCOUT |= (1<<8);
		else 
			return -EINVAL;
		break;	
		
	case 10: //GPIOC7
		if(led_flag[0] == 1)
			*(unsigned int *)GPIOCOUT &= ~(1<<7);
		else if(led_flag[0] == 0)
			*(unsigned int *)GPIOCOUT |=  (1<<7);
		else 
			return -EINVAL;
		break;	
	
	case 11: //GPIOC12
		if(led_flag[0] == 1)
			*(unsigned int *)GPIOCOUT &= ~(1<<12);
		else if(led_flag[0] == 0)
			*(unsigned int *)GPIOCOUT |= (1<<12);
		else 
			return -EINVAL;
		break;
	default	:
		return -EINVAL;	
	}
	return len;	
}

应用程序close()---->close(fd)

static int gec6818_led_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
	printk("led driver is closing\n");
	
	return 0;
}

static const struct file_operations gec6818_led_fops = {
	.owner = THIS_MODULE,
	.write = gec6818_led_write,
	.open = gec6818_led_open,
	.release = gec6818_led_release,
};

5、cdev的初始化。并将cdev加入linux内核

//4.初始化cdev
cdev_init(&led_cdev, &gec6818_led_fops);

//5.将初始化好的cdev加入内核
ret = cdev_add(&led_cdev, led_dev_num, 1);
if(ret < 0){
	printk("cdev add error\n");
	unregister_chrdev_region(led_dev_num, 1);
	retu

6、创建class和device

------可以自动生成设备文件

    //创建class
led_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "led_class");
if(IS_ERR(led_class)){
	ret =PTR_ERR(led_class);
	printk("led driver class create error\n");
	cdev_del(&led_cdev);
	unregister_chrdev_region(led_dev_num, 1);
	return ret;
}	

//创建device
led_device = device_create(led_class, NULL,
		     led_dev_num, NULL, "led_drv");//dev/led_drv
if(IS_ERR(led_device)){
	ret =PTR_ERR(led_device);
	printk("led driver device create error\n");
	class_destroy(led_class);
	cdev_del(&led_cdev);
	unregister_chrdev_region(led_dev_num, 1);
	return ret;
}

7、得到物理地址对应的虚拟地址

//8.申请物理内存区
	led_res = request_mem_region(0xC001C000, 0x1000, "GPIOC_MEM");
	if(led_res == NULL){
		printk("request memory error\n");
		device_destroy(led_class, led_dev_num);
		class_destroy(led_class);
		cdev_del(&led_cdev);
		unregister_chrdev_region(led_dev_num, 1);
		
		return -EBUSY;
	}
	
	//9.IO内存的动态映射
	GPIOC_BASE = ioremap(0xC001C000, 0x1000);
	if(GPIOC_BASE == NULL){
		printk("ioremap error\n");
		release_mem_region(0xC001C000, 0x1000);
		device_destroy(led_class, led_dev_num);
		class_destroy(led_class);
		cdev_del(&led_cdev);
		unregister_chrdev_region(led_dev_num, 1);
		return -EFAULT;
	}
	
	GPIOCOUT = GPIOC_BASE + 0x00;//0x00
	GPIOCOUTENB = GPIOC_BASE + 0x04; //0x04
	GPIOCALTFN0 = GPIOC_BASE + 0x20 ;//0x20
	GPIOCALTFN1 = GPIOC_BASE + 0x24; //0x24

8、通过虚拟地址访问寄存器（裸机的方法）

//LED的初始化，通过虚拟地址-->物理地址-->寄存器-->控制GPIO

	*(unsigned int *)GPIOCALTFN0 &= ~((3<<24)|(3<<16)|(3<<14));
	*(unsigned int *)GPIOCALTFN0 |=  ((1<<24)|(1<<16)|(1<<14));
	
	*(unsigned int *)GPIOCALTFN1 &= ~(3<<2);
	*(unsigned int *)GPIOCALTFN1 |=  (1<<2);
	
	*(unsigned int *)GPIOCOUTENB |=((1<<17) + (1<<12) + (1<<8) + (1<<7));
	
	*(unsigned int *)GPIOCOUT |=((1<<17) + (1<<12) + (1<<8) + (1<<7));

思考：
unsigned int a，将a的第20位和第10位置1，其他位保持不变？

a |= (1<<20);
a |= (1<<10);

等价：

a |= ((1<<20)+(1<<10));