atoi和strtol函数均是把字符串转换成整数,两者的不同点主要是:
1,atoi的返回值无法区分是正常的返回还是错误的返回,如:
int val;
val = atoi("abc"); 与val = atoi("0");
两者返回的val均为0,因此无法区分哪个是正确parse后的值。
2,strtol函数对异常的返回可以设置errno,从而可以发现异常的返回,如:
errno = 0;/* To distinguish success/failure after call */
val = strtol(str, &endptr, base);
/* Check for various possible errors */
if ((errno == ERANGE && (val == LONG_MAX || val == LONG_MIN))|| (errno != 0 && val == 0))
{
perror("strtol");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
3,strtol函数支持不同进制的转换,而atoi只支持十进制的转换。
函数原型说明:
#include <stdlib.h>
int atoi(const char *nptr);
#include <stdlib.h>
long int strtol(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);
4,下面给出linux man strtol 的 demo 代码:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int base;
char *endptr, *str;
long val;
if (argc < 2)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s str [base]/n", argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
str = argv[1];
base = (argc > 2) ? atoi(argv[2]) : 10;
/* To distinguish success/failure after call */
errno = 0;
val = strtol(str, &endptr, base);
/* Check for various possible errors */
if ((errno == ERANGE && (val == LONG_MAX || val == LONG_MIN)) || (errno != 0 && val == 0))
{
perror("strtol");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (endptr == str)
{
fprintf(stderr, "No digits were found/n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
/* If we got here, strtol() successfully parsed
a number */
printf("strtol() returned %ld/n", val);
/* Not necessarily an error... */
if (*endptr != '/0')
printf("Further characters after number: %s/n", endptr);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}