ansible常用模块
文章目录
1. ansible常用模块使用详解
ansible常用模块有:
- ping
- yum
- template
- copy
- user
- group
- service
- raw
- command
- shell
- script
ansible常用模块raw
、command
、shell
的区别:
- shell模块调用的/bin/sh指令执行
- command模块不是调用的shell的指令,所以没有bash的环境变量
- raw很多地方和shell类似,更多的地方建议使用shell和command模块。但是如果是使用老版本python,需要用到raw,又或者是客户端是路由器,因为没有安装python模块,那就需要使用raw模块了
2. ansible常用模块之ping
ping模块用于检查指定节点机器是否连通,用法很简单,不涉及参数,主机如果在线,则回复pong
[root@lch http]# ansible all -m ping
[WARNING]: Found both group and host with same name: apache
apache | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
192.168.200.5 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
3. ansible常用模块之command
command模块用于在远程主机上执行命令,ansible默认就是使用command模块。
command模块有一个缺陷就是不能使用管道符和重定向功能。
//在受控主机的/tmp目录下新建一个文件test
[root@lch http]# ansible apache -a 'touch /tmp/test'
apache | CHANGED | rc=0 >>[root@lch http]# ansible apache -a 'ls /tmp'
apache | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
ansible_command_payload_kmjhutfk
ks-script-236q3535
test
vmware-root_960-2999133023
vmware-root_962-2990678749
vmware-root_990-2999657286
//查看受控主机的/tmp目录内容
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 172.16.103.129 -a 'ls /tmp'
172.16.103.129 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
ansible_Xs1oym
systemd-private-fa034beb13644acfb2aadc35bfe64d46-chronyd.service-cVTNsE
systemd-private-fa034beb13644acfb2aadc35bfe64d46-vgauthd.service-XAgkCm
systemd-private-fa034beb13644acfb2aadc35bfe64d46-vmtoolsd.service-rwqet5
//command模块不支持管道符,不支持重定向
[root@lch http]# ansible all -a 'ps -ef|grep vsftpd'
apache | FAILED | rc=1 >>
error: unsupported SysV option
Usage:
ps [options]
Try 'ps --help <simple|list|output|threads|misc|all>'
or 'ps --help <s|l|o|t|m|a>'
for additional help text.
For more details see ps(1).non-zero return code
4. ansible常用模块之raw
raw模块用于在远程主机上执行命令,其支持管道符与重定向
//支持重定向
[root@lch http]# ansible apache -m raw -a 'echo "hello world" > /tmp/test'
apache | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Shared connection to apache closed.
[root@lch http]# ansible apache -a 'cat /tmp/test'
apache | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
hello world
//支持管道符
[[root@lch http]# ansible apache -m raw -a 'cat /tmp/test|grep -Eo hello'
apache | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
hello
Shared connection to apache closed.
5. ansible常用模块之shell
shell模块用于在受控机上执行受控机上的脚本,亦可直接在受控机上执行命令。
shell模块亦支持管道与重定向。
[root@lch http]# ansible all -m shell -a 'ps -ef|grep sleep'
apache | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
root 3264 3199 0 12:58 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c /usr/libexec/platform-python /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1654405089.8795831-1984-47979258920347/AnsiballZ_command.py && sleep 0
root 3280 3279 0 12:58 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c ps -ef|grep sleep
root 3282 3280 0 12:58 pts/1 00:00:00 grep sleep
[root@lch http]# ansible all -m shell -a 'echo "hehe">>/tmp/test'
apache | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[root@lch http]# ansible all -m shell -a 'cat /tmp/test'
apache | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
hello world
hehe
//使用shell模块在受控机上执行受控机上的脚本
[root@apache ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@apache ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@apache scripts]# ls
[root@apache scripts]# vi test.sh
#!/bin/bash
sleep 7000 &
[root@lch http]# ansible apache -m shell -a '/bin/bash /scripts/test.sh'
apache | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[root@lch http]# ansible all -m shell -a 'ps -ef|grep sleep'
apache | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
root 4036 3879 0 13:10 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c /usr/libexec/platform-python /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1654405814.3025467-2186-172640688754537/AnsiballZ_command.py && sleep 0
root 4052 4051 0 13:10 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c ps -ef|grep sleep
root 4054 4052 0 13:10 pts/1 00:00:00 grep sleep
[root@apache ~]# ps -ef|grep sleep
root 4066 1599 0 13:10 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto sleep
[root@apache ~]# vi /scripts/test.sh
#!/bin/bash
nohup sleep 7000 &
~
[root@lch http]# ansible all -m shell -a 'ps -ef|grep sleep'
apache | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
root 4132 3879 0 13:10 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c /usr/libexec/platform-python /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1654405854.09366-2204-196832307029409/AnsiballZ_command.py && sleep 0
root 4148 4147 0 13:10 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c ps -ef|grep sleep
root 4150 4148 0 13:10 pts/1 00:00:00 grep sleep
6. ansible常用模块之script
script模块用于在受控机上执行主控机上的脚本
[root@lch ansible]# vim script.sh
[root@lch ansible]# chmod +x script.sh
[root@lch ansible]# ll
总用量 32
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20025 7月 17 10:58 ansible.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1016 6月 23 08:12 hosts
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18 7月 18 14:41 inventory
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 7月 16 11:32 mulu
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 6月 23 08:12 roles
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 19 7月 18 16:13 script.sh
[root@lch ansible]# ansible all -m script -a"/etc/ansible/script.sh" //在受控制主机上执行控制节点的脚本
192.168.65.128 | CHANGED => {
"changed": true,
"rc": 0,
"stderr": "Shared connection to 192.168.65.128 closed.\r\n",
"stderr_lines": [
"Shared connection to 192.168.65.128 closed."
],
"stdout": "文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点\r\n/dev/mapper/centos-root 50G 4.6G 45G 10% /\r\ndevtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev\r\ntmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm\r\ntmpfs 2.0G 13M 2.0G 1% /run\r\ntmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup\r\n/dev/sda1 1014M 170M 845M 17% /boot\r\n/dev/mapper/centos-home 24G 35M 24G 1% /home\r\ntmpfs 407M 12K 407M 1% /run/user/42\r\ntmpfs 407M 0 407M 0% /run/user/0\r\n",
"stdout_lines": [
"文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点",
"/dev/mapper/centos-root 50G 4.6G 45G 10% /",
"devtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev",
"tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm",
"tmpfs 2.0G 13M 2.0G 1% /run",
"tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup",
"/dev/sda1 1014M 170M 845M 17% /boot",
"/dev/mapper/centos-home 24G 35M 24G 1% /home",
"tmpfs 407M 12K 407M 1% /run/user/42",
"tmpfs 407M 0 407M 0% /run/user/0"
]
}
7. ansible常用模块之template
template模块用于生成一个模板,并可将其传输至远程主机上。
[root@lch http]# ansible all -m shell -a 'rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*'
apache | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
//删除受管机的源
[root@apache ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@apache ~]#
[root@lch http]# mkdir files
[root@lch http]# ls
ansible.cfg files inventory
[root@lch http]# cd files/
[root@lch files]# cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo .
[root@lch files]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo
[root@lch files]# cd ..
[root@lch http]# ansible all -m template -a 'src=files/CentOS-Base.repo dest=/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo owner=root group=root mode=0644'
apache | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"checksum": "8bbf30b2d80c3b97292ca7b32f33ef494269a5b8",
"dest": "/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "ed031c350da2532e6a8d09a4d9b05278",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "system_u:object_r:system_conf_t:s0",
"size": 1653,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1654406280.704396-2275-252237326801674/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
[root@apache ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS-Base.repo
8. ansible常用模块之yum
yum模块用于在指定节点机器上通过yum管理软件,其支持的参数主要有两个
- name:要管理的包名
- state:要进行的操作
state常用的值:
- latest:安装软件
- installed:安装软件
- present:安装软件
- removed:卸载软件
- absent:卸载软件
若想使用yum来管理软件,请确保受控机上的yum源无异常。
[root@lch http]# ansible all -m yum -a 'name=vsftpd state=present'
apache | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"msg": "",
"rc": 0,
"results": [
"Installed: vsftpd-3.0.3-34.el8.x86_64"
]
}
[root@apache ~]# dnf list all|grep vsftpd
vsftpd.x86_64 3.0.3-34.el8 @AppStream
[root@lch http]# ansible all -m yum -a 'name=vsftpd state=absent' //卸载
apache | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"msg": "",
"rc": 0,
"results": [
"Removed: vsftpd-3.0.3-34.el8.x86_64"
]
9. ansible常用模块之copy
copy模块用于复制文件至远程受控机。
[root@lch http]# ansible all -m copy -a 'content="xixi" dest=/tmp/test'
apache | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"checksum": "1daf4eb81fe0f76949323544174e6e4900a39d39",
"dest": "/tmp/test",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "de156e39c8481df78050021b1ffcd425",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0",
"size": 4,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1654406526.8546662-2370-113565950678472/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
[root@apache ~]# cat /tmp/test
xixi[root@apache ~]#
[root@lch http]# ansible all -m copy -a 'content="xixi\n" dest=/tmp/test'
apache | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"checksum": "238da442f5b09e4de53ed2ccc88aaa4f261edd68",
"dest": "/tmp/test",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "7b3b4019404af03d48fcf969bb81f516",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0",
"size": 5,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1654406605.8528-2398-21550100816730/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
xixi[root@apache ~]# cat /tmp/test
xixi
[root@lch http]# ansible all -m copy -a 'src=inventory dest=/tmp/inventory owner=root group=root mode=0644'
apache | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"checksum": "37f4b40d912f9a1b931475097c74082152c6f7f4",
"dest": "/tmp/inventory",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "60f06b34a4820d75fa8f44397a0d3184",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0",
"size": 15,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1654406631.6810453-2427-218794820681598/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
[root@apache ~]# ll /tmp
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 15 Jun 5 13:23 inventory
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5 Jun 5 13:23 test
drwx------. 2 root root 6 Jun 5 11:58 vmware-root_960-2999133023
10. ansible常用模块之group
group模块用于在受控机上添加或删除组。
[root@lch http]# ansible all -m group -a 'name=liu gid=333 state=present' //创建
apache | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"gid": 333,
"name": "liu",
"state": "present",
"system": false
}
[root@apache ~]# grep liu /etc/group
liu:x:333:
[root@lch http]# ansible all -m group -a 'name=liu gid=333 state=absent' //删除
apache | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"name": "liu",
"state": "absent"
}
[root@apache ~]# grep liu /etc/group
[root@apache ~]#
11. ansible常用模块之user
user模块用于管理受控机的用户帐号。
[root@lch http]# ansible all -m user -a 'name=liu uid=333 system=yes create_home=no shell=/sbin/nologin state=present' //创建用户
apache | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"comment": "",
"create_home": false,
"group": 333,
"home": "/home/liu",
"name": "liu",
"shell": "/sbin/nologin",
"state": "present",
"system": true,
"uid": 333
}
[root@lch http]# ansible all -m user -a 'name=liu uid=444'
//修改uid
apache | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"append": false,
"changed": true,
"comment": "",
"group": 333,
"home": "/home/liu",
"move_home": false,
"name": "liu",
"shell": "/sbin/nologin",
"state": "present",
"uid": 444
}
[root@apache ~]# id liu
uid=444(liu) gid=333(liu) groups=333(liu)
[root@lch http]# ansible all -m user -a 'name=liu state=absent' //删除
apache | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"force": false,
"name": "liu",
"remove": false,
"state": "absent"
}
[root@apache ~]# id liu
id: ‘liu’: no such user
12. ansible常用模块之service
service模块用于管理受控机上的服务。
[root@lch httpd]# ansible all -m shell -a 'systemctl is-active vsftpd'
apache | FAILED | rc=3 >>
inactivenon-zero return code
//查看受控机上的vsftpd服务是否启动
[root@lch httpd]# ansible all -m service -a 'name=vsftpd state=started'
//启动受控机上的vsftpd服务
[root@lch httpd]# ansible all -m shell -a 'systemctl is-enabled vsftpd'
//查看受控机上的vsftpd服务是否开机自动启动
[root@lch httpd]# ansible all -m service -a 'name=vsftpd state=stoppped'
//停止服务
[root@lch httpd]# ansible all -m shell -a 'systemctl is-active vsftpd'
apache | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
active
[root@lch httpd]# ansible all -m shell -a 'ss -ant'
apache | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.200.5:22 192.168.200.8:49778
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.200.5:22 192.168.200.1:60028
LISTEN 0 32 *:21 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*