CMake静态链接.a文件的几个坑

CMake静态链接.a文件的有几个坑要注意。
CMakeLists.txt文件内容如下：

add_executable (backalarm "backalarm.cpp" "backalarm.h")

if (CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_GREATER 3.12)
  set_property(TARGET backalarm PROPERTY CXX_STANDARD 20)
endif()

# TODO: 如有需要，请添加测试并安装目标。
target_link_libraries(backalarm  ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/library/acl/libacl.a ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/library/acl/libacl_cpp.a)

报错如下：

ninja: error: '/root/.vs/backalarm/library/acl/libacl.a', needed by 'backalarm/backalarm', missing and no known rule to make it

百思不得其解，经查确认是路径问题，但提示的路径应该是对的呀，然后尝试加上完整路径

target_link_libraries(backalarm  ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/backalarm/library/acl/libacl.a ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/backalarm/library/acl/libacl_cpp.a)

编译后错误提示变成了函数未定义的引用，说明路径这次应该对了，只是链接时候可能有其它问题

[1/1] Linking CXX executable backalarm/backalarm
FAILED: backalarm/backalarm 
: && /usr/bin/c++ -g  backalarm/CMakeFiles/backalarm.dir/backalarm.cpp.o -o backalarm/backalarm  /root/.vs/backalarm/backalarm/library/acl/libacl.a  /root/.vs/backalarm/backalarm/library/acl/libacl_cpp.a && :
/root/.vs/backalarm/backalarm/library/acl/libacl_cpp.a(acl_cpp_init.cpp.o)：在函数‘acl::acl_cpp_init()’中：
/root/.vs/acl-master/7e3c2249-4b5f-433d-b810-8bf4227af76f/src/lib_acl_cpp/src/acl_cpp_init.cpp:14：对‘acl_lib_init’未定义的引用
/root/.vs/backalarm/backalarm/library/acl/libacl_cpp.a(string.cpp.o)：在函数‘acl::prepare_once()’中：
/root/.vs/acl-master/7e3c2249-4b5f-433d-b810-8bf4227af76f/src/lib_acl_cpp/src/stdlib/string.cpp:1896：对‘acl_main_thread_self’未定义的引用
/root/.vs/acl-master/7e3c2249-4b5f-433d-b810-8bf4227af76f/src/lib_acl_cpp/src/stdlib/string.cpp:1898：对‘pthread_key_create’未定义的引用
/root/.vs/backalarm/backalarm/library/acl/libacl_cpp.a(string.cpp.o)：在函数‘acl::string::init(unsigned long)’中：
/root/.vs/acl-master/7e3c2249-4b5f-433d-b810-8bf4227af76f/src/lib_acl_cpp/src/stdlib/string.cpp:31：对‘acl_vstring_alloc’未定义的引用

再经各方面查找资料，终于找到原因，原因是lib_acl_cpp是依赖于lib_acl的，但是在target_link_libraries时，必须是依赖的要写在后面，于是改成

target_link_libraries(backalarm  ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/backalarm/library/acl/libacl_cpp.a ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/backalarm/library/acl/libacl.a)

这次错误提示又变了，大部分变成了缺少pthread_xxxx未定义的引用，说明上面调整顺序后成功链接，只是缺少了pthread相关引用

1/1] Linking CXX executable backalarm/backalarm
FAILED: backalarm/backalarm 
: && /usr/bin/c++ -g  backalarm/CMakeFiles/backalarm.dir/backalarm.cpp.o -o backalarm/backalarm  /root/.vs/backalarm/backalarm/library/acl/libacl_cpp.a  /root/.vs/backalarm/backalarm/library/acl/libacl.a && :
/root/.vs/backalarm/backalarm/library/acl/libacl_cpp.a(string.cpp.o)：在函数‘acl::prepare_once()’中：
/root/.vs/acl-master/7e3c2249-4b5f-433d-b810-8bf4227af76f/src/lib_acl_cpp/src/stdlib/string.cpp:1898：对‘pthread_key_create’未定义的引用
/root/.vs/backalarm/backalarm/library/acl/libacl_cpp.a(string.cpp.o)：在函数‘acl::get_buf()’中：
/root/.vs/acl-master/7e3c2249-4b5f-433d-b810-8bf4227af76f/src/lib_acl_cpp/src/stdlib/string.cpp:1910：对‘pthread_once’未定义的引用
/root/.vs/acl-master/7e3c2249-4b5f-433d-b810-8bf4227af76f/src/lib_acl_cpp/src/stdlib/string.cpp:1912：对‘pthread_getspecific’未定义的引用
/root/.vs/acl-master/7e3c2249-4b5f-433d-b810-8bf4227af76f/src/lib_acl_cpp/src/stdlib/string.cpp:1918：对‘pthread_setspecific’未定义的引用

最后，经查加上以下内容链接pthread即可。

target_link_libraries(backalarm -lpthread)

总结：
1、target_link_libraries在使用${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}变量是，要使用完整代码路径
2、target_link_libraries各个库顺序，顺序是要依赖的要放在后面。

参考：
CMakeLists详解
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43837968/article/details/115257575

cmake 添加头文件目录，链接动态、静态库
https://blog.51cto.com/u_15202985/6324905

CMake学习(5): 链接静(动)态库
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38346042/article/details/131069948

链接过程中静态库先后顺序的影响分析
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/259893540?utm_id=0

cmake 编译c++文件时, 对‘pthread_create’未定义的引用等错误
https://blog.csdn.net/u014742995/article/details/107979243