轮廓查找及各种边界框绘制

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
Mat src, src_gray, src_threshold, drawing;
RNG rng(12345);
Scalar color = Scalar(rng.uniform(0, 255), rng.uniform(0, 255), rng.uniform(0, 255));
int main()
{
	src = imread("D:/opencv练习/picture/9.png");
	if (!src.data )
	{
		cout << "图片没有加载成功" << endl;
		return -1;
	}
	cvtColor(src, src_gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	threshold(src_gray, src_threshold, 175, 255, THRESH_BINARY);
	//查找轮廓
	vector<vector<Point>>contours;
	vector<Vec4i>hierrachy;
	findContours(src_threshold, contours, hierrachy, RETR_TREE, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE, Point(0, 0));
	
	vector<vector<Point>>contours_poly(contours.size());//多边形轮廓逼近
	vector<Rect>boundrect(contours.size());//绘制矩形边界框
	vector<Point2f>cir(contours.size());//绘制圆形边界
	vector<float>radius(contours.size());//圆心
	vector<RotatedRect>minboundrect(contours.size());//绘制最小面积的矩形
	vector<RotatedRect>myellipse(contours.size());//绘制椭圆

	for (size_t i=0;i<contours.size();i++)
	{
		approxPolyDP(Mat(contours[i]), contours_poly[i], 3, true);
		boundrect[i] = boundingRect(Mat(contours_poly[i]));
		minEnclosingCircle(contours_poly[i], cir[i], radius[i]);
		minboundrect[i] = minAreaRect(contours_poly[i]);
	
	}
	//绘制
	src.copyTo(drawing);
	Point2f pst[4];
	for (size_t i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++)
	{
		drawContours(drawing, contours_poly, i, color, 1, 8,vector<Vec4i>(), 0,Point());
		rectangle(drawing, boundrect[i], color, 1, 8);
		circle(drawing, cir[i], radius[i], 1, 8);
		minboundrect[i].points(pst);//获取矩形的四个点；
		for (int j=0;j<4;j++)
		{
			line(drawing, pst[j], pst[(j + 1) % 4], color, 1, 8);
		}
	}
	imshow("测试",drawing);
	waitKey(0);
    //图形的矩
	vector<Moments>contours_moment(contours.size());
	vector<Point2f>cs(contours.size());//矩的中心点坐标
	Mat ju = Mat::zeros(src.size(), CV_8UC1);
	for (size_t i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++)
	{
		contours_moment[i] = moments(contours[i]);
		cs[i] = Point(static_cast<float>(contours_moment[i].m10 / contours_moment[i].m00),
			static_cast<float>(contours_moment[i].m01 / contours_moment[i].m00));
		cout << "area = " << contourArea(contours[i],true) << endl;
		cout << "length = " << arcLength(contours[i],true) << endl;
		circle(ju, cs[i], 10, Scalar(255,255,255), 1, 8,0);
	}
	imshow("矩",ju);
	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

对approxPolyDP函数的一些总结

void approxPolyDP( InputArray curve,OutputArray approxCurve,double epsilon, bool closed );

其中第三个参数为逼近的精度，为原始曲线和近似曲线间的最大值，对于一个矩形轮廓，可通过设定该值使该矩形轮廓由四个顶点来表示，一般设置为0.02*arcLength（contous[i]）。

对 drawcontours函数的一些总结

void drawContours( InputOutputArray image, InputArrayOfArrays contours,
                              int contourIdx,//轮廓的索引，即需要绘制哪个轮廓，若绘制全部轮廓则为-1
                              const Scalar& color,
                              int thickness = 1, int lineType = LINE_8,
                              InputArray hierarchy = noArray(),
                              int maxLevel = INT_MAX, Point offset = Point() );

若想绘制顶层轮廓

for(int index=0;index>=0;index=hierarchy[index][0])//hierarchy[index][0]表示第index的后一个轮廓
{
	drawcontours(dstimage,contours,index,color,1,8,hierarchy);
}

hierarchy[index][0]~hierarchy[index][2]，分别表示后一个轮廓，前一个轮廓，父轮廓，内嵌轮廓，hierarchy[index][2]和hierarchy[index][3]有时会颠倒顺序，具体看定义