针对网站出现乱码问题,其原因是request和response对象有关,我们知道对于post提交方法解决,可以通过调用request对象的setCharacterEncoding方法来设置其编码方式,而对于response对象,也可以通过调用response的setCharacterEncoding方法设置编码方式,及通过调用response的setContentType方法来指定text/html;charset的编码方式。即:
request.setCharacterEncoding(charset);
response.setCharacterEncoding(charset);
response.setContentType("text/html;charset="+charset);
这样可以解决关于request和response的乱码问题,但是只对post提交的方法有效,对get提交的方法无效。考虑到此问题,可以对request对象和response对象的方法进行增强,来解决request引起的的乱码问题。下面的MyRequest是对HttpServletRequest的类的包装类,而HttpServletRequestWrapper是默认实现了HttpServletRequest的包装类,其中争强的方法仅仅是调用了HttpServletRequest对象方法的方法。在实现对HttpServletRequest对象的包装类时,可以继承此类,这样可以不需要对需要进行增强的方法进行重写。仅仅重写需要增强的方法即可。
针对get或者post提交的方法,其携带的信息将以参数的形式带到服务器端,这个时候在服务器端获取时,可能要获取到正确的参数值时,需要采用于提交时对这些值一致的编码方式进行解码。get方法与post不太一样,不管对request指定什么编码方式,服务器端获取到的数据始终是以ISO8859-1解码;因此上述方式通过设置request的字符编码方式,只能对post提交的有效,对get方法无效,因此下面的MyRequest是对request进行增强,由于服务器都是通过request.getParamter(String name)来获取客户端提交过来的数据,因此对其进行增强即可。增强后的MyRequest,将能解决由post和get提交方法产生的乱码问题。
MyRequest为增强后的request类
public class MyRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {
private HttpServletRequest request;
private String charset;
//构造一个构造函数,申请此类时,将需要增强的request对象传入,同时指定解码方式
public MyRequest(HttpServletRequest request, String charset) {
super(request);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
this.request = request;
this.charset = charset;
}
/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper#getParameter(java.lang.String)
*/
@Override
public String getParameter(String name) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String value = this.request.getParameter(name);
if(value ==null){
return null;
}
if(!request.getMethod().equalsIgnoreCase("get")){ //对get方法提交过来的数据进行特殊处理
return value;
}
try {
value= new String(value.getBytes("ISO8859-1"), this.charset);
System.out.println(value);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
return value;
}
}
过滤
器配置
<filter>
<filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>cn.itcast.filters.EncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>charset</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
<dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher>
<dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher>
</filter-mapping>
过滤器
public class EncodingFilter implements Filter{
private FilterConfig config;
private String defaultCharset = "UTF-8";
@Override
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String charset = null;
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)req;
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse)resp;
charset = config.getInitParameter("charset");
System.out.println(charset);
if(charset == null || charset.equals("")){
charset = defaultCharset;
}
MyRequest myReq = new MyRequest(request, charset); //申请一个增强后的request对象
myReq.setCharacterEncoding(charset);
response.setCharacterEncoding(charset);
response.setContentType("text/html;charset="+charset);
chain.doFilter(myReq, response); //放行后,servlet获取的到request对象将是MyRequest对象,调用其getParamter是被增强后的
}
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
this.config = config;
}
}
测试
jsp页面
表单数据一般都是以post方法提交,而对于超链接,都是以Get方法提交,get方法提交,对中文需要先进行URL编码后,在提交。
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jstl/core_rt" prefix="c" %>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>My JSP 'charsetTest.jsp' starting page</title>
</head>
<body>
<c:url value="/servlet/CharsetTestServlet" scope="page" var="CharsetTestServlet">
<c:param name="username" value="中国"></c:param>
</c:url>
<a href="${CharsetTestServlet }">点击</a>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/servlet/CharsetTestServlet" method="post">
用户名<input type="text" name="username" /><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
测试servlet
public class CharsetTestServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println(request.getParameter("username"));
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println(request.getParameter("username"));
}
}