梯度下降法

梯度下降法（PythonCode）

梯度下降：代码

现在假设只有一个输出单元，我来把这个写成代码。我们还是用 sigmoid 来作为激活函数 f(h)f(h)。

Defining the sigmoid function for activations

定义 sigmoid 激活函数

def sigmoid(x):
return 1/(1+np.exp(-x))

Derivative of the sigmoid function

激活函数的导数

def sigmoid_prime(x):
return sigmoid(x) * (1 - sigmoid(x))

Input data

输入数据

x = np.array([0.1, 0.3])

Target

目标

y = 0.2

Input to output weights

输入到输出的权重

weights = np.array([-0.8, 0.5])

The learning rate, eta in the weight step equation

权重更新的学习率

learnrate = 0.5

#the linear combination performed by the node (h in f(h) and f’(h))
#输入和权重的线性组合
h = x[0]*weights[0] + x[1]*weights[1]
#or h = np.dot(x, weights)

#The neural network output (y-hat)
#神经网络输出
nn_output = sigmoid(h)

#output error (y - y-hat)
#输出误差
error = y - nn_output

#output gradient (f’(h))
#输出梯度
output_grad = sigmoid_prime(h)

#error term (lowercase delta)
error_term = error * output_grad

#Gradient descent step
#梯度下降一步
del_w = [ learnrate * error_term * x[0],
learnrate * error_term * x[1]]
#or del_w = learnrate * error_term * x

import numpy as np

def sigmoid(x):
    """
    Calculate sigmoid
    """
    return 1/(1+np.exp(-x))

def sigmoid_prime(x):
    """
    # Derivative of the sigmoid function
    """
    return sigmoid(x) * (1 - sigmoid(x))

learnrate = 0.5
x = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
y = np.array(0.5)

# Initial weights
w = np.array([0.5, -0.5, 0.3, 0.1])

### Calculate one gradient descent step for each weight
### Note: Some steps have been consilated, so there are
###       fewer variable names than in the above sample code

# TODO: Calculate the node's linear combination of inputs and weights
h = np.dot(w, x)

# TODO: Calculate output of neural network
nn_output = sigmoid(h)

# TODO: Calculate error of neural network
error = y - nn_output

# TODO: Calculate the error term
#       Remember, this requires the output gradient, which we haven't
#       specifically added a variable for.
error_term = error * sigmoid_prime(h)

# TODO: Calculate change in weights
del_w = learnrate * error_term * x
# or del_w = learnrate * error_term * x

print('Neural Network output:')
print(nn_output)
print('Amount of Error:')
print(error)
print('Change in Weights:')
print(del_w)