2.1.2 System Segments, Segment Descriptors, and Gates

Besides code, data, and stack segments that make up the execution environment of
a program or procedure, the architecture defines two system segments: the taskstate
segment (TSS) and the LDT. The GDT is not considered a segment because it is
not accessed by means of a segment selector and segment descriptor. TSSs and LDTs
have segment descriptors defined for them.

除了数据代码堆栈段外为了完善程序的执行环境，架构还定义了2个系统段：任务段和局部描述符。全局描述符不被看做是一个段 因为他不是采用段选择子和段描述符的方式进入，而任务段和局部描述符是由段描述符定义的。
The architecture also defines a set of special descriptors called gates (call gates,
interrupt gates, trap gates, and task gates). These provide protected gateways to
system procedures and handlers that may operate at a different privilege level than
application programs and most procedures. For example, a CALL to a call gate can
provide access to a procedure in a code segment that is at the same or a numerically
lower privilege level (more privileged) than the current code segment. To access a
procedure through a call gate, the calling procedure1 supplies the selector for the call
gate. The processor then performs an access rights check on the call gate, comparing
the CPL with the privilege level of the call gate and the destination code segment
pointed to by the call gate.

框架同时还定义了一组特殊描述符叫做门（调用门，中断门 ，追踪门，任务门）他们对系统进程提供

和其他应用程序不同的级别的门方式。例如 一个调用去调用一个门能够提供进入一个程序代码段的同时

。。。。。不知道怎么翻译。。。先留着。为了通过一个调用门来进入一个进程，调用的进程1提供调用们的选择子。处理器然后执行一个。。。不知道什么意思。比较现行特权级。。。。这段完全不明白

If access to the destination code segment is allowed, the processor gets the segment
selector for the destination code segment and an offset into that code segment from
the call gate. If the call requires a change in privilege level, the processor also
switches to the stack for the targeted privilege level. The segment selector for the
new stack is obtained from the TSS for the currently running task. Gates also facilitate
transitions between 16-bit and 32-bit code segments, and vice versa.

如果进入目的代码段是被允许的，处理器就会从调用门中获得目标地址段的选择子和偏移地址。如果调用需要改变在特权级里，处理器也会打开堆栈为定向的特权级。新堆栈段选择子将从现行的任务的任务状态段中获得。