Android 对程序异常崩溃的捕捉

以下为异常捕捉处理代码：

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.lang.Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundException;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;
    
/**  
 * UncaughtException处理类,当程序发生Uncaught异常的时候,有该类来接管程序,并记录发送错误报告. 
 * 
 *  需要在Application中注册，为了要在程序启动器就监控整个程序。
 */    
public class CrashHandler implements UncaughtExceptionHandler {    
        
    public static final String TAG = "CrashHandler";    
        
    //系统默认的UncaughtException处理类     
    private Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler mDefaultHandler;    
    //CrashHandler实例    
    private static CrashHandler instance;
   //程序的Context对象    
    private Context mContext;    
    //用来存储设备信息和异常信息    
    private Map<String, String> infos = new HashMap<String, String>();    
    
    //用于格式化日期,作为日志文件名的一部分    
    private DateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss");    
    
    /** 保证只有一个CrashHandler实例 */    
    private CrashHandler() {}    
    
    /** 获取CrashHandler实例 ,单例模式 */    
    public static CrashHandler getInstance() {    
    	if(instance == null)
    		instance = new CrashHandler();   
        return instance;    
    }    
    
    /**  
     * 初始化  
     */    
    public void init(Context context) {    
        mContext = context;    
        //获取系统默认的UncaughtException处理器    
        mDefaultHandler = Thread.getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler();    
        //设置该CrashHandler为程序的默认处理器    
        Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(this);    
    }    
    
    /**  
     * 当UncaughtException发生时会转入该函数来处理  
     */    
    @Override    
    public void uncaughtException(Thread thread, Throwable ex) {    
        if (!handleException(ex) && mDefaultHandler != null) {    
            //如果用户没有处理则让系统默认的异常处理器来处理    
            mDefaultHandler.uncaughtException(thread, ex);    
        } else {    
            try {    
                Thread.sleep(3000);    
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {    
                Log.e(TAG, "error : ", e);    
            }    
            //退出程序    
            android.os.Process.killProcess(android.os.Process.myPid());    
            System.exit(1);    
        }    
    }    
    
    /**  
     * 自定义错误处理,收集错误信息 发送错误报告等操作均在此完成.  
     *   
     * @param ex  
     * @return true:如果处理了该异常信息;否则返回false.  
     */    
    private boolean handleException(Throwable ex) {    
        if (ex == null) {    
            return false;    
        }    
        //收集设备参数信息     
        collectDeviceInfo(mContext);    
        
        //使用Toast来显示异常信息    
        new Thread() {    
            @Override    
            public void run() {    
                Looper.prepare();    
                Toast.makeText(mContext, "很抱歉,程序出现异常,即将退出.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();    
                Looper.loop();    
            }    
        }.start();    
        //保存日志文件     
        saveCatchInfo2File(ex);  
        return true;    
    }    
        
    /**  
     * 收集设备参数信息  
     * @param ctx  
     */    
    public void collectDeviceInfo(Context ctx) {    
        try {    
            PackageManager pm = ctx.getPackageManager();    
            PackageInfo pi = pm.getPackageInfo(ctx.getPackageName(), PackageManager.GET_ACTIVITIES);    
            if (pi != null) {    
                String versionName = pi.versionName == null ? "null" : pi.versionName;    
                String versionCode = pi.versionCode + "";    
                infos.put("versionName", versionName);    
                infos.put("versionCode", versionCode);    
            }    
        } catch (NameNotFoundException e) {    
            Log.e(TAG, "an error occured when collect package info", e);    
        }    
        Field[] fields = Build.class.getDeclaredFields();    
        for (Field field : fields) {    
            try {    
                field.setAccessible(true);    
                infos.put(field.getName(), field.get(null).toString());    
                Log.d(TAG, field.getName() + " : " + field.get(null));    
            } catch (Exception e) {    
                Log.e(TAG, "an error occured when collect crash info", e);    
            }    
        }    
    }    
    
    /**  
     * 保存错误信息到文件中  
     *   
     * @param ex  
     * @return  返回文件名称,便于将文件传送到服务器  
     */    
    private String saveCatchInfo2File(Throwable ex) {    
            
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();    
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : infos.entrySet()) {    
            String key = entry.getKey();    
            String value = entry.getValue();    
            sb.append(key + "=" + value + "\n");    
        }    
            
        Writer writer = new StringWriter();    
        PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(writer);    
        ex.printStackTrace(printWriter);    
        Throwable cause = ex.getCause();    
        while (cause != null) {    
            cause.printStackTrace(printWriter);    
            cause = cause.getCause();    
        }    
        printWriter.close();    
        String result = writer.toString();    
        sb.append(result);    
        try {    
            long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();    
            String time = formatter.format(new Date());    
            String fileName = "crash-" + time + "-" + timestamp + ".log";    
            if (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {    
                String path = "/mnt/sdcard/crash/";    
                File dir = new File(path);    
                if (!dir.exists()) {    
                    dir.mkdirs();    
                }    
                FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(path + fileName);    
                fos.write(sb.toString().getBytes());  
                //发送给开发人员
                sendCrashLog2PM(path+fileName);
                fos.close();    
            }    
            return fileName;    
        } catch (Exception e) {    
            Log.e(TAG, "an error occured while writing file...", e);    
        }    
        return null;    
    }    
    
    /**
     * 将捕获的导致崩溃的错误信息发送给开发人员
     * 
     * 目前只将log日志保存在sdcard 和输出到LogCat中，并未发送给后台。
     */
    private void sendCrashLog2PM(String fileName){
    	if(!new File(fileName).exists()){
    		Toast.makeText(mContext, "日志文件不存在！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    		return;
    	}
    	FileInputStream fis = null;
    	BufferedReader reader = null;
    	String s = null;
    	try {
			fis = new FileInputStream(fileName);
			reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis, "GBK"));
			while(true){
				s = reader.readLine();
				if(s == null) break;
				//由于目前尚未确定以何种方式发送，所以先打出log日志。
				Log.i("info", s.toString());
			}
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{	// 关闭流
			try {
				reader.close();
				fis.close();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
    }
}    

针对异常的捕捉要进行全局监控整个项目，所以要将其在Application中注册(也就是初始化)：

import android.app.Application;

public class CrashApplication extends Application {

	@Override
	public void onCreate() {
		super.onCreate();
		CrashHandler catchHandler = CrashHandler.getInstance();
		catchHandler.init(getApplicationContext());
	}
}

现在模拟一个空指针异常：

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class CatchExceptionLogActivity extends Activity {
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
	private String s;
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        System.out.println(s.equals("hello"));  // s没有进行赋值，所以会出现NullPointException异常
    }
}

别忘了在配置文件中对Application进行注册：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.forms.catchlog"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0" >

    <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
    

    <application
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name" 
        android:name=".CrashApplication">
        <activity
            android:label="@string/app_name"
            android:name=".CatchExceptionLogActivity" >
            <intent-filter >
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>