【期刊】【信息科学】【Information Sciences】

Information Sciences will publish original, innovative and creative research results. A smaller number of timely tutorial and surveying contributions will be published from time to time.
Information Sciences 将发表原创性、创新性和创造性的研究成果。将不时发布少量及时的教程和调查投稿。

The journal is designed to serve researchers, developers, managers, strategic planners, graduate students and others interested in state-of-the art research activities in information, knowledge engineering and intelligent systems. Readers are assumed to have a common interest in information science, but with diverse backgrounds in fields such as engineering, mathematics, statistics, physics, computer science, cell biology, molecular biology, management science, cognitive science, neurobiology, behavioural sciences and biochemistry.
该期刊旨在为研究人员、开发人员、管理人员、战略规划师、研究生和其他对信息、知识工程和智能系统领域的最新研究活动感兴趣的人提供服务。假设读者对信息科学有共同的兴趣，但在工程、数学、统计学、物理学、计算机科学、细胞生物学、分子生物学、管理科学、认知科学、神经生物学、行为科学和生物化学等领域具有不同的背景。

The journal publishes high-quality, refereed articles. It emphasizes a balanced coverage of both theory and practice. It fully acknowledges and vividly promotes a breadth of the discipline of Informations Sciences.
该期刊发表高质量的参考文章。它强调理论和实践的平衡覆盖。它充分承认并生动地促进了信息科学学科的广度。

Topics include: 主题包括：

Foundations of Information Science:
信息科学基础：
Information Theory, Mathematical Linguistics, Automata Theory, Cognitive Science, Theories of Qualitative Behaviour, Artificial Intelligence, Computational Intelligence, Soft Computing, Semiotics, Computational Biology and Bio-informatics.
信息论、数学语言学、自动机理论、认知科学、定性行为理论、人工智能、计算智能、软计算、符号学、计算生物学和生物信息学。

Implementations and Information Technology:
实施和信息技术：
Intelligent Systems, Genetic Algorithms and Modelling, Fuzzy Logic and Approximate Reasoning, Artificial Neural Networks, Expert and Decision Support Systems, Learning and Evolutionary Computing, Expert and Decision Support Systems, Learning and Evolutionary Computing, Biometrics, Moleculoid Nanocomputing, Self-adaptation and Self-organisational Systems, Data Engineering, Data Fusion, Information and Knowledge, Adaptive ad Supervisory Control, Discrete Event Systems, Symbolic / Numeric and Statistical Techniques, Perceptions and Pattern Recognition, Design of Algorithms, Software Design, Computer Systems and Architecture Evaluations and Tools, Human-Computer Interface, Computer Communication Networks and Modelling and Computing with Words
智能系统、遗传算法和建模、模糊逻辑和近似推理、人工神经网络、专家和决策支持系统、学习和进化计算、专家和决策支持系统、学习和进化计算、生物识别、分子纳米计算、自适应和自组织系统、数据工程、数据融合、信息和知识、自适应广告监督控制、离散事件系统、符号/数字和统计技术、感知和模式识别、算法设计、软件设计、计算机系统和架构评估和工具、人机界面、计算机通信网络和建模与文字计算

Applications: 应用：
Manufacturing, Automation and Mobile Robots, Virtual Reality, Image Processing and Computer Vision Systems, Photonics Networks, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Brain Mapping, Language and Search Engine Design, User-friendly Man Machine Interface, Data Compression and Text Abstraction and Summarization, Virtual Reality, Finance and Economics Modelling and Optimisation
制造、自动化和移动机器人、虚拟现实、图像处理和计算机视觉系统、光子学网络、基因组学和生物信息学、大脑映射、语言和搜索引擎设计、用户友好的人机界面、数据压缩和文本抽象和摘要、虚拟现实、金融和经济学建模和优化

2. Guide for authors 作者指南

About the journal 期刊简介

Aims and scope 目标和范围

Informatics and Computer Science Intelligent Systems Applications
信息学与计算机科学智能系统应用
An International Journal 国际期刊

Information Sciences will publish original, innovative and creative research results. A smaller number of timely tutorial and surveying contributions will be published from time to time.
Information Sciences 将发表原创性、创新性和创造性的研究成果。将不时发布少量及时的教程和调查投稿。

The journal is designed to serve researchers, developers, managers, strategic planners, graduate students and others interested in state-of-the art research activities in information, knowledge engineering and intelligent systems. Readers are assumed to have a common interest in information science, but with diverse backgrounds in fields such as engineering, mathematics, statistics, physics, computer science, cell biology, molecular biology, management science, cognitive science, neurobiology, behavioural sciences and biochemistry.
该期刊旨在为研究人员、开发人员、管理人员、战略规划师、研究生和其他对信息、知识工程和智能系统领域的最新研究活动感兴趣的人提供服务。假设读者对信息科学有共同的兴趣，但在工程、数学、统计学、物理学、计算机科学、细胞生物学、分子生物学、管理科学、认知科学、神经生物学、行为科学和生物化学等领域具有不同的背景。

The journal publishes high-quality, refereed articles. It emphasizes a balanced coverage of both theory and practice. It fully acknowledges and vividly promotes a breadth of the discipline of Informations Sciences.
该期刊发表高质量的参考文章。它强调理论和实践的平衡覆盖。它充分承认并生动地促进了信息科学学科的广度。

Topics include: 主题包括：

Foundations of Information Science:
信息科学基础：
Information Theory, Mathematical Linguistics, Automata Theory, Cognitive Science, Theories of Qualitative Behaviour, Artificial Intelligence, Computational Intelligence, Soft Computing, Semiotics, Computational Biology and Bio-informatics.
信息论、数学语言学、自动机理论、认知科学、定性行为理论、人工智能、计算智能、软计算、符号学、计算生物学和生物信息学。

Implementations and Information Technology:
实施和信息技术：
Intelligent Systems, Genetic Algorithms and Modelling, Fuzzy Logic and Approximate Reasoning, Artificial Neural Networks, Expert and Decision Support Systems, Learning and Evolutionary Computing, Expert and Decision Support Systems, Learning and Evolutionary Computing, Biometrics, Moleculoid Nanocomputing, Self-adaptation and Self-organisational Systems, Data Engineering, Data Fusion, Information and Knowledge, Adaptive ad Supervisory Control, Discrete Event Systems, Symbolic / Numeric and Statistical Techniques, Perceptions and Pattern Recognition, Design of Algorithms, Software Design, Computer Systems and Architecture Evaluations and Tools, Human-Computer Interface, Computer Communication Networks and Modelling and Computing with Words
智能系统、遗传算法和建模、模糊逻辑和近似推理、人工神经网络、专家和决策支持系统、学习和进化计算、专家和决策支持系统、学习和进化计算、生物识别、分子纳米计算、自适应和自组织系统、数据工程、数据融合、信息和知识、自适应广告监督控制、离散事件系统、符号/数字和统计技术、感知和模式识别、算法设计、软件设计、计算机系统和架构评估和工具、人机界面、计算机通信网络和建模与文字计算

Applications: 应用：
Manufacturing, Automation and Mobile Robots, Virtual Reality, Image Processing and Computer Vision Systems, Photonics Networks, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Brain Mapping, Language and Search Engine Design, User-friendly Man Machine Interface, Data Compression and Text Abstraction and Summarization, Virtual Reality, Finance and Economics Modelling and Optimisation
制造、自动化和移动机器人、虚拟现实、图像处理和计算机视觉系统、光子学网络、基因组学和生物信息学、大脑映射、语言和搜索引擎设计、用户友好的人机界面、数据压缩和文本抽象和摘要、虚拟现实、金融和经济学建模和优化

Editor-in-Chief Witold Pedrycz can be reached at wpedrycz@ualberta.ca.
您可以通过 wpedrycz@ualberta.ca 联系主编 Witold Pedrycz。

Article types 文章类型

Original research work 原创研究工作
As a guideline: experimental manuscripts should not be longer than 40 double-spaced typed pages and 8 figures + tables; for theoretical manuscripts a maximum of 45 pages and 10 figures + tables is suggested.
作为指导原则：实验稿件不应超过 40 页双倍行距打字页和 8 个图 + 表格;对于理论手稿，建议最多 45 页和 10 个图 + 表格。

All manuscripts should be concisely written, stressing the motivation for, and the novel aspects of, the work. Contributions should contain an Abstract (of up to 200 words) and a Conclusions section, which particularly in the case of theoretical papers translates the results into terms readily accessible to most readers.
所有手稿都应简洁明了，强调作品的动机和新颖性。投稿应包含摘要（最多 200 字）和结论部分，特别是在理论论文的情况下，可以将结果翻译成大多数读者容易理解的术语。

Peer review 同行审查

This journal follows a single anonymized review process. Your submission will initially be assessed by our editors to determine suitability for publication in this journal. If your submission is deemed suitable, it will typically be sent to a minimum of two reviewers for an independent expert assessment of the scientific quality. The decision as to whether your article is accepted or rejected will be taken by our editors. Authors who wish to appeal the editorial decision for their manuscript may submit a formal appeal request in accordance with the procedure outlined in Elsevier’s Appeal Policy. Only one appeal per submission will be considered and the appeal decision will be final.
本期刊遵循单一的匿名审稿流程。我们的编辑将首先对您的投稿进行评估，以确定是否适合在本期刊上发表。

如果您认为您的提交内容合适，通常会将其发送给至少两名审稿人，以便对科学质量进行独立的专家评估。

您的文章被接受或拒绝的决定将由我们的编辑决定。希望对其稿件的编辑决定提出上诉的作者可以根据爱思唯尔上诉政策中概述的程序提交正式上诉请求。

每次提交的内容将只考虑一次申诉，申诉决定将是最终决定。

Read more about peer review.
阅读更多关于同行评审的信息。

Our editors are not involved in making decisions about papers which:
我们的编辑不参与对以下论文的决策：

they have written themselves.
他们自己写的。
have been written by family members or colleagues.
由家人或同事撰写。
relate to products or services in which they have an interest.
与他们感兴趣的产品或服务相关。

Any such submissions will be subject to the journal's usual procedures and peer review will be handled independently of the editor involved and their research group. Read more about editor duties.
任何此类提交都将遵循期刊的常规程序，同行评审将独立于相关编辑及其研究小组进行处理。阅读有关编辑职责的更多信息。

Special issues and article collections
特刊和文章集

The peer review process for special issues and article collections follows the same process as outlined above for regular submissions, except, a guest editor will send the submissions out to the reviewers and may recommend a decision to the journal editor. The journal editor oversees the peer review process of all special issues and article collections to ensure the high standards of publishing ethics and responsiveness are respected and is responsible for the final decision regarding acceptance or rejection of articles.
特刊和文章集的同行评审流程与上述常规投稿的流程相同，不同之处在于，客座编辑会将投稿发送给审稿人，并可能向期刊编辑推荐决定。期刊编辑监督所有特刊和文章集的同行评审过程，以确保遵守高标准的出版道德和响应能力，并负责关于接受或拒绝文章的最终决定。

Open access 开放获取

We refer you to our open access information page to learn about open access options for this journal.
我们建议您访问我们的开放获取信息页面，了解本期刊的开放获取选项。

Ethics and policies 道德和政策

Ethics in publishing 出版业的道德规范

Authors must follow ethical guidelines stated in Elsevier's Publishing Ethics Policy.
作者必须遵守爱思唯尔出版道德政策中规定的道德准则。

Submission declaration 提交声明

When authors submit an article to an Elsevier journal it is implied that:
当作者向爱思唯尔期刊投稿时，暗示：

the work described has not been published previously except in the form of a preprint, an abstract, a published lecture, academic thesis or registered report. See our policy on multiple, redundant or concurrent publication.
所述工作以前未发表过，但以预印本、摘要、已发表的讲座、学术论文或注册报告的形式除外。请参阅我们关于多个、冗余或并发发布的政策。
the article is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
该文章未考虑在其他地方发布。
the article's publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out.
文章的发布得到了所有作者的批准，并得到了开展工作的主管当局的默许或明确批准。
if accepted, the article will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, including electronically, without the written consent of the copyright-holder.
如果被接受，未经版权所有者书面同意，该文章将不会以相同的形式、英语或任何其他语言（包括电子方式）在其他地方发布。

To verify compliance with our journal publishing policies, we may check your manuscript with our screening tools.
为了验证是否符合我们的期刊出版政策，我们可能会使用我们的筛选工具检查您的稿件。

Authorship 作者

All authors should have made substantial contributions to all of the following:
所有作者都应为以下所有内容做出重大贡献：

The conception and design of the study, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data.
研究的构思和设计，或数据的获取，或数据的分析和解释。
Drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content.
起草文章或针对重要的知识内容进行批判性修改。
Final approval of the version to be submitted.
要提交的版本的最终批准。

Authors should appoint a corresponding author to communicate with the journal during the editorial process. All authors should agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work to ensure that the questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
作者应在编辑过程中指定通讯作者与期刊进行沟通。所有作者都应同意对作品的各个方面负责，以确保与作品任何部分的准确性或完整性相关的问题得到适当的调查和解决。

Changes to authorship 作者身份的更改

The editors of this journal generally will not consider changes to authorship once a manuscript has been submitted. It is important that authors carefully consider the authorship list and order of authors and provide a definitive author list at original submission.
一旦提交了手稿，本期刊的编辑通常不会考虑更改作者身份。作者必须仔细考虑作者名单和作者顺序，并在原始提交时提供明确的作者名单。

The policy of this journal around authorship changes:
本刊关于作者身份的政策发生了变化：

All authors must be listed in the manuscript and their details entered into the submission system.
所有作者都必须在手稿中列出，他们的详细信息必须输入到投稿系统中。
Any addition, deletion or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should only be made prior to acceptance, and only if approved by the journal editor.
在作者名单中对作者姓名的任何添加、删除或重新排列只能在接受之前进行，并且只有在得到期刊编辑的批准后才能进行。
Requests to change authorship should be made by the corresponding author, who must provide the reason for the request to the journal editor with written confirmation from all authors, including any authors being added or removed, that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement.
更改作者身份的请求应由通讯作者提出，通讯作者必须向期刊编辑提供请求的原因，并附上所有作者（包括任何被添加或删除的作者）的书面确认，表明他们同意增加、删除或重新排列。
All requests to change authorship must be submitted using this form. Requests which do not comply with the instructions outlined in the form will not be considered.
所有更改作者身份的请求都必须使用此表格提交。不符合表格中所列说明的申请将不予考虑。
Only in exceptional circumstances will the journal editor consider the addition, deletion or rearrangement of authors post acceptance.
只有在特殊情况下，期刊编辑才会考虑增加、删除或重新排列作者的文章接受。
Publication of the manuscript may be paused while a change in authorship request is being considered.
在考虑更改作者身份请求期间，手稿的出版可能会暂停。
Any authorship change requests approved by the journal editor will result in a corrigendum if the manuscript has already been published.
如果手稿已经发表，期刊编辑批准的任何作者更改请求都将导致勘误。
Any unauthorised authorship changes may result in the rejection of the article, or retraction, if the article has already been published.
任何未经授权的作者更改都可能导致文章被拒绝，如果文章已经发表，则可能导致撤回。

Declaration of interests 利益申报

All authors must disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence or bias their work. Examples of potential competing interests include:
所有作者必须披露与其他个人或组织的任何财务和个人关系，这些关系可能会不当地影响或偏见他们的工作。潜在利益争夺的示例包括：

Employment 就业
Consultancies 咨询公司
Stock ownership 股权
Honoraria 酬金
Paid expert testimony 付费专家证词
Patent applications or registrations
专利申请或注册
Grants or any other funding
赠款或任何其他资金

The Declaration of Interests tool should always be completed.
应始终填写 Declaration of Interest （利益申报）工具。

Authors with no competing interests to declare should select the option, "I have nothing to declare".
没有竞争利益需要声明的作者应该选择“我没有什么要声明的”选项。

The resulting Word document containing your declaration should be uploaded at the "attach/upload files" step in the submission process. It is important that the Word document is saved in the .doc/.docx file format. Author signatures are not required.
包含您的声明的最终 Word 文档应在提交过程中的“附加/上传文件”步骤上传。Word 文档以 .doc/.docx 文件格式保存非常重要。不需要作者签名。

We advise you to read our policy on conflict of interest statements, funding source declarations, author agreements/declarations and permission notes.
我们建议您阅读我们的利益冲突声明、资金来源声明、作者协议/声明和许可说明的政策。

Funding sources 资金来源

Authors must disclose any funding sources who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article. The role of sponsors, if any, should be declared in relation to the study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, writing of the report and decision to submit the article for publication. If funding sources had no such involvement this should be stated in your submission.
作者必须披露为进行研究和/或准备文章提供财务支持的任何资金来源。应声明申办者（如有）的角色与研究设计、数据收集、分析和解释、报告的撰写以及提交文章发表的决定有关。如果资金来源没有此类参与，则应在您的提交中说明。

List funding sources in this standard way to facilitate compliance to funder's requirements:
以这种标准方式列出资金来源，以便于遵守出资者的要求：

Funding: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [grant numbers xxxx, yyyy]; the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA [grant number zzzz]; and the United States Institutes of Peace [grant number aaaa].
资金：这项工作得到了美国国立卫生研究院 [资助号 xxxx， yyyy] 的支持;比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会，西雅图，华盛顿州[资助号zzzz];和美国和平研究所 [授权号 aaaa]。

It is not necessary to include detailed descriptions on the program or type of grants, scholarships and awards. When funding is from a block grant or other resources available to a university, college, or other research institution, submit the name of the institute or organization that provided the funding.
无需详细说明助学金、奖学金和奖励的计划或类型。如果资金来自大学、学院或其他研究机构可用的整体资助或其他资源，请提交提供资金的机构或组织的名称。

If no funding has been provided for the research, it is recommended to include the following sentence:
如果没有为研究提供资金，建议包括以下句子：

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
这项研究没有从公共、商业或非营利部门的资助机构获得任何具体资助。

Declaration of generative AI in scientific writing
科学写作中生成式 AI 的宣言

Authors must declare the use of generative AI in scientific writing upon submission of the paper. The following guidance refers only to the writing process, and not to the use of AI tools to analyse and draw insights from data as part of the research process:
作者必须在提交论文时声明生成式 AI 在科学写作中的使用。以下指南仅涉及写作过程，而不是在研究过程中使用 AI 工具来分析和从数据中得出见解：

Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies should only be used in the writing process to improve the readability and language of the manuscript.
生成式 AI 和 AI 辅助技术只能在写作过程中使用，以提高手稿的可读性和语言。
The technology must be applied with human oversight and control and authors should carefully review and edit the result, as AI can generate authoritative-sounding output that can be incorrect, incomplete or biased. Authors are ultimately responsible and accountable for the contents of the work.
该技术必须在人工监督和控制下应用，作者应仔细审查和编辑结果，因为 AI 可以生成听起来不正确、不完整或有偏见的权威输出。作者对作品的内容负有最终责任。
Authors must not list or cite AI and AI-assisted technologies as an author or co-author on the manuscript since authorship implies responsibilities and tasks that can only be attributed to and performed by humans.
作者不得在手稿上以作者或合著者的身份列出或引用 AI 和 AI 辅助技术，因为作者身份意味着只能归因于人类并由人类执行的责任和任务。

The use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in scientific writing must be declared by adding a statement at the end of the manuscript when the paper is first submitted. The statement will appear in the published work and should be placed in a new section before the references list. An example:
首次提交论文时，必须在手稿末尾添加声明来声明在科学写作中使用生成式 AI 和 AI 辅助技术。该声明将出现在已发布的作品中，并应放在参考文献列表之前的新部分。一个例子：

Title of new section: Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process.
新章节标题：写作过程中生成式 AI 和 AI 辅助技术的宣言。
Statement: During the preparation of this work the author(s) used [NAME TOOL / SERVICE] in order to [REASON]. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the published article.
声明：在准备本作品期间，作者使用了 [NAME TOOL / SERVICE] 来 [REASON]。使用此工具/服务后，作者根据需要审查和编辑了内容，并对已发表文章的内容承担全部责任。

The declaration does not apply to the use of basic tools, such as tools used to check grammar, spelling and references. If you have nothing to disclose, you do not need to add a statement.
该声明不适用于基本工具的使用，例如用于检查语法、拼写和引用的工具。如果您没有什么要披露的，则无需添加声明。

Please read Elsevier’s author policy on the use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies, which can be found in our GenAI Policies for journals.
请阅读爱思唯尔关于使用生成式人工智能和人工智能辅助技术的作者政策，该政策可在我们的期刊GenAI政策中找到。

Please note: to protect authors’ rights and the confidentiality of their research, this journal does not currently allow the use of generative AI or AI-assisted technologies such as ChatGPT or similar services by reviewers or editors in the peer review and manuscript evaluation process, as is stated in our GenAI Policies for journals. We are actively evaluating compliant AI tools and may revise this policy in the future.
请注意：为了保护作者的权利和研究的机密性，本期刊目前不允许审稿人或编辑在同行评审和稿件评估过程中使用生成式 AI 或 AI 辅助技术（如 ChatGPT 或类似服务），如我们的期刊 GenAI 政策中所述。我们正在积极评估合规的 AI 工具，将来可能会修改此政策。

Preprints 预印本

Preprint sharing 预印本共享

Authors may share preprints in line with Elsevier's article sharing policy. Sharing preprints, such as on a preprint server, will not count as prior publication.
作者可以根据爱思唯尔的文章共享政策共享预印本。共享预印本（例如在预印本服务器上共享）将不计为先前发布。

We advise you to read our policy on multiple, redundant or concurrent publication.
我们建议您阅读我们关于多重、冗余或并发发布的政策。

Free preprint posting on SSRN
在 SSRN 上免费发布预印本

In support of open science this journal offers authors a free preprint posting service on SSRN to ensure early registration and dissemination of research and facilitate early citations and collaboration. Posting to SSRN is subject to SSRN's standard checks.
为了支持开放科学，本期刊在 SSRN 上为作者提供免费的预印本发布服务，以确保研究的早期注册和传播，并促进早期引用和合作。发布到 SSRN 需要接受 SSRN 的标准检查。

You will be provided with the option to release your manuscript on SSRN during the submission process. Agreeing to this option will have no effect on the editorial process or outcome, and your manuscript will remain publicly available and free to read on SSRN whether our editors accept or reject your manuscript.
在投稿过程中，您可以选择在 SSRN 上发布您的手稿。同意此选项不会影响编辑流程或结果，无论我们的编辑接受还是拒绝您的稿件，您的稿件都将在 SSRN 上保持公开可用和免费阅读。

You will receive an email when your preprint is posted online on SSRN and a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is assigned.
当您的预印本在 SSRN 上在线发布并分配数字对象标识符（DOI）时，您将收到一封电子邮件。

Corresponding authors must seek approval from all co-authors before agreeing to release a manuscript publicly on SSRN.
通讯作者在同意在 SSRN 上公开发布手稿之前，必须寻求所有合著者的批准。

We advise you to read about SSRN, including the SSRN Terms of Use and SSRN FAQs before selecting this option.
我们建议您在选择此选项之前阅读 SSRN，包括 SSRN 使用条款和 SSRN 常见问题解答。

Use of inclusive language
使用包容性语言

Inclusive language acknowledges diversity, conveys respect to all people, is sensitive to differences, and promotes equal opportunities. Authors should ensure their work uses inclusive language throughout and contains nothing which might imply one individual is superior to another on the grounds of:
包容性语言承认多样性，传达对所有人的尊重，对差异敏感，并促进机会平等。作者应确保他们的作品自始至终都使用包容性语言，并且不包含任何可能暗示一个人优于另一个人的内容，理由是：

age 年龄
gender 性
race 比赛
ethnicity 种族
culture 文化
sexual orientation 性取向
disability or health condition
残疾或健康状况

We recommend avoiding the use of descriptors about personal attributes unless they are relevant and valid. Write for gender neutrality with the use of plural nouns ("clinicians, patients/clients") as default. Wherever possible, avoid using "he, she," or "he/she."
我们建议避免使用有关个人属性的描述符，除非它们是相关且有效的。默认使用复数名词（“clinicians， patients/clients”）编写 forgender neutrality。尽可能避免使用“他、她”或“他/她”。

No assumptions should be made about the beliefs of readers and writing should be free from bias, stereotypes, slang, reference to dominant culture and/or cultural assumptions.
不应对读者的信仰做出任何假设，写作应没有偏见、刻板印象、俚语、对主流文化和/或文化假设的引用。

These guidelines are meant as a point of reference to help you identify appropriate language but are by no means exhaustive or definitive.
这些指南旨在作为一个参考点，帮助您确定适当的语言，但绝不是详尽或确定的。

Reporting sex- and gender-based analyses
报告基于性别和基于性别的分析

There is no single, universally agreed-upon set of guidelines for defining sex and gender. We offer the following guidance:
没有一套单一的、普遍认可的准则来定义性和性别。我们提供以下指导：

Sex and gender-based analyses (SGBA) should be integrated into research design when research involves or pertains to humans, animals or eukaryotic cells. This should be done in accordance with any requirements set by funders or sponsors and best practices within a field.
当研究涉及或涉及人类、动物或真核细胞时，应将基于性别和性别的分析（SGBA）纳入研究设计。这应根据资助者或赞助商设定的任何要求以及某个领域的最佳实践来完成。
Sex and/or gender dimensions of the research should be addressed within the article or declared as a limitation to the generalizability of the research.
研究的性别和/或性别维度应在文章中解决，或声明为对研究普遍性的限制。
Definitions of sex and/or gender applied should be explicitly stated to enhance the precision, rigor and reproducibility of the research and to avoid ambiguity or conflation of terms and the constructs to which they refer.
应明确说明性别的定义和/或所应用的性别，以提高研究的准确性、严谨性和可重复性，并避免术语及其所指的结构的歧义或混淆。

We advise you to read the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines and the SAGER checklist (PDF) on the EASE website, which offer systematic approaches to the use of sex and gender information in study design, data analysis, outcome reporting and research interpretation.
我们建议您阅读 EASE 网站上的研究和性别平等（SAGER）指南和 SAGER 清单（PDF），它们为在研究设计、数据分析、结果报告和研究解释中使用性和性别信息提供了系统的方法。

For further information we suggest reading the rationale behind and recommended use of the SAGER guidelines.
有关更多信息，我们建议您阅读 SAGER 指南背后的基本原理和推荐使用。

Definitions of sex and/or gender
性别和/或性别的定义

We ask authors to define how sex and gender have been used in their research and publication. Some guidance:
我们要求作者定义性和性别在他们的研究和出版物中的使用方式。一些指导：

Sex generally refers to a set of biological attributes that are associated with physical and physiological features such as chromosomal genotype, hormonal levels, internal and external anatomy. A binary sex categorization (male/female) is usually designated at birth ("sex assigned at birth") and is in most cases based solely on the visible external anatomy of a newborn. In reality, sex categorizations include people who are intersex/have differences of sex development (DSD).
性别通常是指一组与生理和生理特征相关的生物学属性，例如染色体基因型、荷尔蒙水平、内部和外部解剖结构。二元性别分类（男性/女性）通常在出生时指定（“出生时分配的性别”），并且在大多数情况下仅基于新生儿的可见外部解剖结构。实际上，性别分类包括双性人/有性发育差异（DSD）的人。
Gender generally refers to socially constructed roles, behaviors and identities of women, men and gender-diverse people that occur in a historical and cultural context and may vary across societies and over time. Gender influences how people view themselves and each other, how they behave and interact and how power is distributed in society.
性别通常是指女性、男性和性别多元化人群的社会建构角色、行为和身份，这些角色、行为和身份发生在历史和文化背景下，并且可能因社会和时间而异。性别影响着人们如何看待自己和彼此，他们的行为和互动方式，以及权力在社会中的分配方式。

Jurisdictional claims 管辖权索赔

Elsevier respects the decisions taken by its authors as to how they choose to designate territories and identify their affiliations in their published content. Elsevier’s policy is to take a neutral position with respect to territorial disputes or jurisdictional claims, including, but not limited to, maps and institutional affiliations. For journals that Elsevier publishes on behalf of a third party owner, the owner may set its own policy on these issues.
爱思唯尔尊重作者在如何选择在其发布内容中指定地区和确定其隶属关系方面做出的决定。爱思唯尔的政策是在领土争议或管辖权索赔方面采取中立立场，包括但不限于地图和机构隶属关系。对于爱思唯尔代表第三方所有者出版的期刊，所有者可以就这些问题制定自己的政策。

Maps: Readers should be able to locate any study areas shown within maps using common mapping platforms. Maps should only show the area actually studied and authors should not include a location map which displays a larger area than the bounding box of the study area. Authors should add a note clearly stating that "map lines delineate study areas and do not necessarily depict accepted national boundaries”. During the review process, Elsevier’s editors may request authors to change maps if these guidelines are not followed.
地图：读者应该能够使用通用的地图平台找到地图中显示的任何研究区域。地图应仅显示实际研究的区域，作者不应包含显示比研究区域边界框更大的区域的位置图。作者应添加注释，明确说明“地图线划定了研究区域，不一定描绘了公认的国界”。在审稿过程中，如果未遵守这些指南，爱思唯尔的编辑可能会要求作者更改地图。
Institutional affiliations: Authors should use either the full, standard title of their institution or the standard abbreviation of the institutional name so that the institutional name can be independently verified for research integrity purposes.
机构隶属关系：作者应使用其机构的完整标准名称或机构名称的标准缩写，以便出于研究诚信目的可以独立验证机构名称。

Writing and formatting 编写和格式化

File format 文件格式

We ask you to provide editable source files for your entire submission (including figures, tables and text graphics). Some guidelines:
我们要求您为整个提交提供可编辑的源文件（包括图表、表格和文本图形）。一些准则：

Save files in an editable format, using the extension .doc/.docx for Word files and .tex for LaTeX files. A PDF is not an acceptable source file.
将文件保存为可编辑格式，使用 Word 文件的扩展名 .doc/.docx，使用 LaTeX 文件的扩展名 .tex。PDF 不是可接受的源文件（不接受pdf）。
Lay out text in a single-column format.
以单列格式对文本进行布局。
Remove any strikethrough and underlined text from your manuscript, unless it has scientific significance related to your article.
从您的手稿中删除任何删除线和带下划线的文本，除非它与您的文章具有科学意义。
Use spell-check and grammar-check functions to avoid errors.
使用拼写检查和语法检查函数来避免错误。

We advise you to read our Step-by-step guide to publishing with Elsevier.
我们建议您阅读我们的爱思唯尔出版分步指南。

LaTeX 乳胶

We encourage you use our LaTeX template when preparing a LaTeX submission. You will be asked to provide all relevant editable source files upon submission or revision.
我们鼓励您在准备 LaTeX 提交时使用我们的 LaTeX 模板。在提交或修订时，您将被要求提供所有相关的可编辑源文件。

Support for your LaTeX submission:
支持 LaTeX 提交：

LaTeX submission instructions and templatesLaTeX 提交说明和模板
Journal Article Publishing Support Center LaTeX FAQs and support
期刊论文发布支持中心 LaTeX 常见问题解答和支持
Researcher Academy’s Beginners’ guide to writing a manuscript in LaTeX
Researcher Academy 的 Beginners' guide to writing a manuscript in LaTeX

Title page 扉页

You are required to include the following details in the title page information:
您需要在标题页信息中包含以下详细信息：

Article title. Article titles should be concise and informative. Please avoid abbreviations and formulae, where possible, unless they are established and widely understood, e.g., DNA).
文章标题。文章标题应简洁明了。请尽可能避免使用缩写和公式，除非它们已经建立并被广泛理解，例如 DNA）。
Author names. Provide the given name(s) and family name(s) of each author. The order of authors should match the order in the submission system. Carefully check that all names are accurately spelled. If needed, you can add your name between parentheses in your own script after the English transliteration.
作者姓名。提供每位作者的名字和姓氏。作者的顺序应与投稿系统中的 Order 一致。仔细检查所有名称的拼写是否准确。如果需要，您可以在英文音译后在自己的脚本中的括号内添加您的姓名。
Affiliations. Add affiliation addresses, referring to where the work was carried out, below the author names. Indicate affiliations using a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the corresponding address. Ensure that you provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and, if available, the email address of each author.
背景。在作者姓名下方添加隶属地址，以引用执行工作的位置。在作者姓名后面和相应地址前面使用小写上标字母表示单位。确保您提供每个隶属机构的完整邮政地址，包括国家/地区名称以及每位作者的电子邮件地址（如果有）。
Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence for your article at all stages of the refereeing and publication process and also post-publication. This responsibility includes answering any future queries about your results, data, methodology and materials. It is important that the email address and contact details of your corresponding author are kept up to date during the submission and publication process.
通讯作者。清楚地说明谁将在审稿和出版过程的所有阶段以及出版后处理您的文章的通信。此职责包括回答未来有关您的结果、数据、方法和材料的任何疑问。在提交和出版过程中，请务必及时更新通讯作者的电子邮件地址和联系方式。
Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in your article was carried out, or the author was visiting during that time, a "present address" (or "permanent address") can be indicated by a footnote to the author's name. The address where the author carried out the work must be retained as their main affiliation address. Use superscript Arabic numerals for such footnotes.
当前/永久地址。如果作者在完成您文章中描述的工作后搬家，或者作者在此期间访问，则可以通过作者姓名的脚注来表示“当前地址”（或“永久地址”）。必须保留作者执行工作的地址作为其主要隶属地址。对此类脚注使用上标阿拉伯数字。

Abstract 抽象

You are required to provide a concise and factual abstract which does not exceed 250 words. The abstract should briefly state the purpose of your research, principal results and major conclusions. Some guidelines:
您需要提供一份不超过 250 字的简明扼要的摘要。摘要应简要说明您的研究目的、主要结果和主要结论。一些准则：

Abstracts must be able to stand alone as abstracts are often presented separately from the article.
摘要必须能够独立存在，因为摘要通常与文章分开呈现。
Avoid references. If any are essential to include, ensure that you cite the author(s) and year(s).
避免引用。如果有必要包括任何内容，请确保引用作者和年份。
Avoid non-standard or uncommon abbreviations. If any are essential to include, ensure they are defined within your abstract at first mention.
避免使用非标准或不常见的缩写。如果有必要包含任何内容，请确保在第一次提及时在您的摘要中定义它们。

Keywords 关键字

You are required to provide 1 to 7 keywords for indexing purposes. Keywords should be written in English. Please try to avoid keywords consisting of multiple words (using "and" or "of").
您需要提供 1 到 7 个关键字才能编制索引。关键词应以英文书写。请尽量避免由多个单词组成的关键词（使用 “and” 或 “of”）。

We recommend that you only use abbreviations in keywords if they are firmly established in the field.
我们建议您仅在关键字中使用在该领域中根深蒂固的缩写。

Highlights 突出

You are encouraged to provide article highlights at submission.
我们鼓励您在提交时提供文章亮点。

Highlights are a short collection of bullet points that should capture the novel results of your research as well as any new methods used during your study. Highlights will help increase the discoverability of your article via search engines. Some guidelines:
亮点是一组简短的要点，应该捕捉您的研究的新结果以及研究期间使用的任何新方法。Highlights 将有助于提高您的文章在搜索引擎中的可发现性。一些准则：

Submit highlights as a separate editable file in the online submission system with the word "highlights" included in the file name.
在在线提交系统中将 highlights 作为单独的可编辑文件提交，文件名中包含“highlights”一词。
Highlights should consist of 3 to 5 bullet points, each a maximum of 85 characters, including spaces.
突出显示应由 3 到 5 个要点组成，每个要点最多 85 个字符（包括空格）。

We encourage you to view example article highlights and read about the benefits of their inclusion.
我们鼓励您查看示例文章亮点并了解纳入它们的好处。

Math formulae 数学公式

Submit math equations as editable text, not as images.
将数学方程式提交为可编辑文本，而不是图像。
Present simple formulae in line with normal text, where possible.
尽可能提供与普通文本一致的简单公式。
Use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms such as X/Y.
对于小分数项（如 X/Y），请使用实线（/）而不是水平线。
Present variables in italics.
以斜体显示变量。
Denote powers of e by exp.
用 exp 表示 e 的幂。
Display equations separately from your text, numbering them consecutively in the order they are referred to within your text.
将方程与文本分开显示，并按照它们在文本中引用的顺序连续编号。

Tables 表

Tables must be submitted as editable text, not as images. Some guidelines:
表格必须以可编辑文本的形式提交，而不是以图像的形式提交。一些准则：

Place tables next to the relevant text or on a separate page(s) at the end of your article.
将表格放在相关文本旁边或文章末尾的单独页面上。
Cite all tables in the manuscript text.
引用手稿文本中的所有表格。
Number tables consecutively according to their appearance in the text.
根据表格在文本中的外观连续编号。
Please provide captions along with the tables.
请提供说明和表格。
Place any table notes below the table body.
将任何表格注释放在表格正文下方。
Avoid vertical rules and shading within table cells.
避免在表格单元格中使用垂直规则和底纹。

We recommend that you use tables sparingly, ensuring that any data presented in tables is not duplicating results described elsewhere in the article.
我们建议您谨慎使用表，确保表中显示的任何数据都不会与本文其他位置描述的结果重复。

Figures, images and artwork
图形、图像和图稿

Figures, images, artwork, diagrams and other graphical media must be supplied as separate files along with the manuscript. We recommend that you read our detailed artwork and media instructions. Some excerpts:
图表、图像、插图、图表和其他图形媒体必须与手稿一起作为单独的文件提供。我们建议您阅读我们的详细插图和媒体说明。部分摘录：

When submitting artwork: 提交图稿时：

Cite all images in the manuscript text.
引用手稿文本中的所有图像。
Number images according to the sequence they appear within your article.
根据图像在文章中出现的顺序对图像进行编号。
Submit each image as a separate file using a logical naming convention for your files (for example, Figure_1, Figure_2 etc).
使用文件的逻辑命名约定（例如，Figure_1、Figure_2 等）将每个图像作为单独的文件提交。
Please provide captions for all figures, images, and artwork.
请为所有图形、图像和图稿提供说明。
Text graphics may be embedded in the text at the appropriate position. If you are working with LaTeX, text graphics may also be embedded in the file.
文本图形可以嵌入到文本中的适当位置。如果您正在使用 LaTeX，则文本图形也可能嵌入到文件中。

Artwork formats 图稿格式

When your artwork is finalized, "save as" or convert your electronic artwork to the formats listed below taking into account the given resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations:
当您的图稿完成时，请“另存为”或将您的电子图稿转换为下列格式，同时考虑到线图、半调和线条/半调组合的给定分辨率要求：

Vector drawings: Save as EPS or PDF files embedding the font or saving the text as "graphics."
矢量绘图：另存为嵌入字体的 EPS 或 PDF 文件，或将文本另存为“图形”。
Color or grayscale photographs (halftones): Save as TIFF, JPG or PNG files using a minimum of 300 dpi (for single column: min. 1063 pixels, full page width: 2244 pixels).
彩色或灰度照片（半色调）：另存为 TIFF、JPG 或 PNG 文件，分辨率至少为 300 dpi（单列：最小 1063 像素，整个页面宽度：2244 像素）。
Bitmapped line drawings: Save as TIFF, JPG or PNG files using a minimum of 1000 dpi (for single column: min. 3543 pixels, full page width: 7480 pixels).
位图线条图：另存为 TIFF、JPG 或 PNG 文件，分辨率至少为 1000 dpi（单列：最小 3543 像素，整页宽度：7480 像素）。
Combinations bitmapped line/halftones (color or grayscale): Save as TIFF, JPG or PNG files using a minimum of 500 dpi (for single column: min. 1772 pixels, full page width: 3740 pixels).
组合位图线条/半调（彩色或灰度）：另存为 TIFF、JPG 或 PNG 文件，分辨率至少为 500 dpi（单列：最小 1772 像素，整个页面宽度：3740 像素）。

Please do not submit: 请不要提交：

files that are too low in resolution (for example, files optimized for screen use such as GIF, BMP, PICT or WPG files).
分辨率过低的文件（例如，为屏幕使用而优化的文件，如 GIF、BMP、PICT 或 WPG 文件）。
disproportionally large images compared to font size, as text may become unreadable.
与字体大小相比，图像不成比例地大，因为文本可能会变得不可读。

Figure captions 图标题

All images must have a caption. A caption should consist of a brief title (not displayed on the figure itself) and a description of the image. We advise you to keep the amount of text in any image to a minimum, though any symbols and abbreviations used should be explained.
所有图片都必须有标题。标题应由简短的标题（不显示在图表本身上）和图像描述组成。我们建议您将任何图像中的文本量保持在最低限度，但应解释使用的任何符号和缩写。

Provide captions in a separate file.
在单独的文件中提供字幕。

Color artwork 彩色图稿

If you submit usable color figures with your accepted article, we will ensure that they appear in color online.
如果您在被接受的文章中提交可用的彩色图表，我们将确保它们以彩色在线显示。

Please ensure that color images are accessible to all, including those with impaired color vision. Learn more about color and web accessibility.
请确保所有人都可以访问彩色图像，包括色觉受损的人。了解有关颜色和 Web 辅助功能的更多信息。

For articles appearing in print, you will be sent information on costs to reproduce color in the printed version, after your accepted article has been sent to production. At this stage, please indicate if your preference is to have color only in the online version of your article or also in the printed version.
对于印刷品中出现的文章，在您接受的文章被发送到生产版后，您将收到有关在印刷版本中复制彩色的成本信息。在此阶段，请说明您是希望仅在文章的在线版本中使用颜色，还是在印刷版本中使用颜色。

Generative AI and Figures, images and artwork
生成式 AI 和图形、图像和艺术品

Please read our policy on the use of generative AI and AI-assisted tools in figures, images and artwork, which can be found in Elsevier’s GenAI Policies for Journals. This policy states:
请阅读我们关于在图表、图像和艺术品中使用生成式人工智能和人工智能辅助工具的政策，该政策可在爱思唯尔的GenAI期刊政策中找到。本政策规定：

We do not permit the use of Generative AI or AI-assisted tools to create or alter images in submitted manuscripts.
我们不允许使用生成式 AI 或 AI 辅助工具在提交的手稿中创建或更改图像。
The only exception is if the use of AI or AI-assisted tools is part of the research design or methods (for example, in the field of biomedical imaging). If this is the case, such use must be described in a reproducible manner in the methods section, including the name of the model or tool, version and extension numbers, and manufacturer.
唯一的例外是，如果使用 AI 或 AI 辅助工具是研究设计或方法的一部分（例如，在生物医学成像领域）。如果是这种情况，则必须在 methods 部分以可重现的方式描述这种用法，包括模型或工具的名称、版本和扩展号以及制造商。
The use of generative AI or AI-assisted tools in the production of artwork such as for graphical abstracts is not permitted. The use of generative AI in the production of cover art may in some cases be allowed, if the author obtains prior permission from the journal editor and publisher, can demonstrate that all necessary rights have been cleared for the use of the relevant material, and ensures that there is correct content attribution.
不允许在制作图稿（例如图形摘要）时使用生成式 AI 或 AI 辅助工具。在某些情况下，如果作者事先获得期刊编辑和出版商的许可，可以证明已获得使用相关材料的所有必要权利，并确保内容署名正确，则在某些情况下可能允许使用生成式 AI 制作封面艺术。

Supplementary material 补充材料

We encourage the use of supplementary materials such as applications, images and sound clips to enhance research. Some guidelines:
我们鼓励使用补充材料，如应用程序、图像和声音剪辑，以加强研究。一些准则：

Cite all supplementary files in the manuscript text.
在手稿文本中引用所有补充文件。
Submit supplementary materials at the same time as your article. Be aware that all supplementary materials provided will appear online in the exact same file type as received. These files will not be formatted or typeset by the production team.
在提交文章的同时提交补充材料。请注意，提供的所有补充材料都将以与收到的文件类型完全相同的文件类型在线显示。制作团队不会对这些文件进行格式化或排版。
Include a concise, descriptive caption for each supplementary file describing its content.
为每个补充文件包括一个简明的描述性标题，描述其内容。
Provide updated files if at any stage of the publication process you wish to make changes to submitted supplementary materials.
如果您在发布过程的任何阶段希望更改提交的补充材料，请提供更新的文件。
Do not make annotations or corrections to a previous version of a supplementary file.
不要对补充文件的早期版本进行注释或更正。
Switch off the option to track changes in Microsoft Office files. If tracked changes are left on, they will appear in your published version.
关闭用于跟踪 Microsoft Office 文件中更改的选项。如果跟踪更改处于打开状态，它们将显示在您发布的版本中。

We recommend you upload research data to a suitable specialist or generalist repository. Please read our guidelines on sharing research data for more information on depositing, sharing and using research data and other relevant research materials.
我们建议您将研究数据上传到合适的专家或通才存储库。请阅读我们的研究数据共享指南，了解有关存放、共享和使用研究数据以及其他相关研究材料的更多信息。

Video 视频

This journal accepts video material and animation sequences to support and enhance your scientific research. We encourage you to include links to video or animation files within articles. Some guidelines:
本期刊接受视频材料和动画序列，以支持和增强您的科学研究。我们鼓励您在文章中包含指向视频或动画文件的链接。一些准则：

When including video or animation file links within your article, refer to the video or animation content by adding a note in your text where the file should be placed.
在文章中包含视频或动画文件链接时，通过在文本中应放置文件的位置添加注释来引用视频或动画内容。
Clearly label files ensuring the given file name is directly related to the file content.
清楚地标记文件，确保给定的文件名与文件内容直接相关。
Provide files in one of our recommended file formats. Files should be within our preferred maximum file size of 150 MB per file, 1 GB in total.
以我们推荐的文件格式之一提供文件。文件应在我们首选的最大文件大小范围内，即每个文件 150 MB，总共 1 GB。
Provide "stills" for each of your files. These will be used as standard icons to personalize the link to your video data. You can choose any frame from your video or animation or make a separate image.
为每个文件提供“静止图像”。这些将用作标准图标，以个性化指向您的视频数据的链接。您可以从视频或动画中选择任何帧，也可以制作单独的图像。
Provide text (for both the electronic and the print version) to be placed in the portions of your article that refer to the video content. This is essential text, as video and animation files cannot be embedded in the print version of the journal.
提供文本（适用于电子版和印刷版），以放置在文章中引用视频内容的部分中。这是必不可少的文本，因为视频和动画文件不能嵌入到期刊的印刷版本中。

We publish all video and animation files supplied in the electronic version of your article.
我们发布您文章的电子版中提供的所有视频和动画文件。

For more detailed instructions, we recommend that you read our guidelines on submitting video content to be included in the body of an article.
有关更详细的说明，我们建议您阅读我们的指南，了解如何提交要包含在文章正文中的视频内容。

Research data 研究数据

We are committed to supporting the storage of, access to and discovery of research data, and our research data policy sets out the principles guiding how we work with the research community to support a more efficient and transparent research process.
我们致力于支持研究数据的存储、访问和发现，我们的研究数据政策规定了指导我们如何与研究界合作以支持更高效、更透明的研究流程的原则。

Research data refers to the results of observations or experimentation that validate research findings, which may also include software, code, models, algorithms, protocols, methods and other useful materials related to the project.
研究数据是指验证研究结果的观察或实验结果，其中还可能包括与项目相关的软件、代码、模型、算法、协议、方法和其他有用的材料。

Please read our guidelines on sharing research data for more information on depositing, sharing and using research data and other relevant research materials.
请阅读我们的研究数据共享指南，了解有关存放、共享和使用研究数据以及其他相关研究材料的更多信息。

For this journal, the following instructions from our research data guidelines apply.
对于本期刊，我们的研究数据指南中的以下说明适用。

Option C: Research data deposit, citation and linking
选项 C：研究数据存放、引用和链接

You are required to:
您需要：

Deposit your research data in a relevant data repository.
将您的研究数据存储在相关的数据存储库中。
Cite and link to this dataset in your article.
在您的文章中引用并链接到此数据集。
If this is not possible, make a statement explaining why research data cannot be shared.
如果无法做到这一点，请发表声明，解释为什么不能共享研究数据。

Data statement 数据声明

To foster transparency, you are required to state the availability of any data at submission.
为了提高透明度，您需要在提交时说明任何数据的可用性。

Ensuring data is available may be a requirement of your funding body or institution. If your data is unavailable to access or unsuitable to post, you can state the reason why (e.g., your research data includes sensitive or confidential information such as patient data) during the submission process. This statement will appear with your published article on ScienceDirect.
确保数据可用可能是您的资助机构或机构的一项要求。如果您的数据无法访问或不适合发布，您可以在提交过程中说明原因（例如，您的研究数据包含敏感或机密信息，例如患者数据）。此声明将与您在 ScienceDirect 上发表的文章一起显示。

Read more about the importance and benefits of providing a data statement.
详细了解提供数据声明的重要性和好处。

Data linking 数据链接

Linking to the data underlying your work increases your exposure and may lead to new collaborations. It also provides readers with a better understanding of the described research.
链接到您的工作基础数据会增加您的曝光率，并可能导致新的合作。它还为读者提供了对所描述的研究的更好理解。

If your research data has been made available in a data repository there are a number of ways your article can be linked directly to the dataset:
如果您的研究数据已在数据存储库中可用，则可以通过多种方式将您的文章直接链接到数据集：

Provide a link to your dataset when prompted during the online submission process.
在在线提交过程中出现提示时，提供指向您的数据集的链接。
For some data repositories, a repository banner will automatically appear next to your published article on ScienceDirect.
对于某些数据存储库，您在ScienceDirect上发布的文章旁边会自动出现存储库横幅。
You can also link relevant data or entities within the text of your article through the use of identifiers. Use the following format: Database: 12345 (e.g. TAIR: AT1G01020; CCDC: 734053; PDB: 1XFN).
您还可以通过使用标识符来链接文章文本中的相关数据或实体。使用以下格式：数据库：12345（例如 TAIR：AT1G01020;中央疾病控制委员会：734053;PDB：1XFN）。

Learn more about linking research data and research articles in ScienceDirect.
了解有关在 ScienceDirect 中链接研究数据和研究论文的更多信息。

Research Elements 研究要素

This journal enables the publication of research objects (e.g. data, methods, protocols, software and hardware) related to original research in Elsevier's Research Elements journals.
该期刊允许在爱思唯尔的Research Elements期刊上发表与原始研究相关的研究对象（例如数据、方法、协议、软件和硬件）。

Research Elements are peer-reviewed, open access journals which make research objects findable, accessible and reusable. By providing detailed descriptions of objects and their application with links to the original research article, your research objects can be placed into context within your article.
Research Elements 是经过同行评审的开放获取期刊，使研究对象易于查找、访问和重复使用。通过提供对象及其应用的详细描述以及指向原始研究论文的链接，可以将研究对象置于文章中的上下文中。

You will be alerted during submission to the opportunity to submit a manuscript to one of the Research Elements journals. Your Research Elements article can be prepared by you, or by one of your collaborators.
在投稿过程中，您将收到提醒，您有机会向 Research Elements 期刊之一提交手稿。您的 Research Elements 文章可以由您或您的合作者之一准备。

Article structure 文章结构

Article sections 文章部分

Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Number subsections 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), then 1.2, etc.
将您的文章划分为明确定义和编号的部分。编号小节 1.1 （然后是 1.1.1、1.1.2 等），然后是 1.2，依此类推。
Use the numbering format when cross-referencing within your article. Do not just refer to "the text."
在文章中交叉引用时使用编号格式。不要只指 “文本”。
You may give subsections a brief heading. Headings should appear on a separate line.
您可以给小节一个简短的标题。标题应显示在单独的行上。
Do not include the article abstract within section numbering.

Theory and calculation 理论与计算

The theory section should lay the foundation for further work by extending the background you provided in the introduction to your article. The calculation section should represent a practical development from a theoretical basis.
理论部分应该通过扩展您在文章引言中提供的背景来为进一步的工作奠定基础。计算部分应代表理论基础的实际发展。

Glossary 词汇表

Please provide definitions of field-specific terms used in your article, in a separate list.
请在单独的列表中提供您的文章中使用的特定领域术语的定义。

Footnotes 脚注

We advise you to use footnotes sparingly. If you include footnotes in your article, ensure that they are numbered consecutively.
我们建议您谨慎使用脚注。如果您在文章中包含脚注，请确保它们连续编号。

You may use system features that automatically build footnotes into text. Alternatively, you can indicate the position of footnotes within the text and present them in a separate section at the end of your article.
您可以使用自动将脚注构建为文本的系统功能。或者，您可以指示脚注在文本中的位置，并将其显示在文章末尾的单独部分中。

Acknowledgements 确认

Include any individuals who provided you with help during your research, such as help with language, writing or proof reading, in the acknowledgements section. Acknowledgements should be placed in a separate section which appears directly before the reference list. Do not include acknowledgements on your title page, as a footnote to your title, or anywhere else in your article other than in the separate acknowledgements section.
在致谢部分包括在研究期间为您提供帮助（例如语言、写作或校对帮助）的任何个人。鸣谢应放在单独的部分，该部分直接显示在参考列表之前。请勿在标题页上包含致谢，不要作为标题的脚注，也不要在单独的致谢部分以外的任何位置包含文章中的其他任何内容。

Author contributions: CRediT
作者贡献： CRediT

Corresponding authors are required to acknowledge co-author contributions using CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) roles:
通讯作者需要使用 CRediT（贡献者角色分类法）角色确认合著作者的贡献：

Conceptualization 概念化
Data curation 数据管理
Formal analysis 形式分析
Funding acquisition 资金获取
Investigation 调查
Methodology 方法论
Project administration 项目管理
Resources 资源
Software 软件
Supervision 监督
Validation 验证
Visualization 可视化
Writing – original draft 写作 – 原始草稿
Writing – review and editing
写作 – 审查和编辑

Not all CRediT roles will apply to every manuscript and some authors may contribute through multiple roles.
并非所有 CRediT 角色都适用于每篇手稿，一些作者可能会通过多个角色做出贡献。

We advise you to read more about CRediT and view an example of a CRediT author statement.
我们建议您阅读有关 CRediT 的更多信息并查看 CRediT 作者声明的示例。

Funding sources 资金来源

List funding sources in this standard way to facilitate compliance to funder's requirements:
以这种标准方式列出资金来源，以便于遵守出资者的要求：

If no funding has been provided for the research, it is recommended to include the following sentence:
如果没有为研究提供资金，建议包括以下句子：

Appendices 附录

We ask you to use the following format for appendices:
我们要求您使用以下格式作为附录：

Identify individual appendices within your article using the format: A, B, etc.
使用以下格式标识文章中的各个附录：A、B 等。
Give separate numbering to formulae and equations within appendices using formats such as Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc. and in subsequent appendices, Eq. (B.1), Eq. (B. 2) etc. In a similar way, give separate numbering to tables and figures using formats such as Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.
使用方程（A.1）、方程（A.2）等格式对附录中的公式和方程进行单独编号，在随后的附录中，使用方程（B.1）、方程（B. 2）等格式。以类似的方式，使用表 A.1 等格式为表格和图表单独编号;图 A.1 等。

Vitae 简历

Please submit a short (maximum 100 words) biography of each author and include a passport-type photograph as a separate figure. Please provide the biography in an editable format (e.g. Word, not in PDF format).
请提交每位作者的简短（最多 100 字）传记，并附上一张护照式照片作为单独的图表。请以可编辑的格式（例如 Word，而不是 PDF 格式）提供个人简介。

References 引用

References within text 文本中的引用

Any references cited within your article should also be present in your reference list and vice versa. Some guidelines:
您的文章中引用的任何参考文献也应出现在您的参考文献列表中，反之亦然。一些准则：

References cited in your abstract must be given in full.
摘要中引用的参考文献必须完整给出。
We recommend that you do not include unpublished results and personal communications in your reference list, though you may mention them in the text of your article.
我们建议您不要在参考文献列表中包含未发表的结果和个人通信，尽管您可以在文章正文中提及它们。
Any unpublished results and personal communications included in your reference list must follow the standard reference style of the journal. In substitution of the publication date add "unpublished results" or "personal communication."
参考文献列表中包含的任何未发表的结果和个人通信必须遵循期刊的标准参考文献格式。在发布日期的替代中，添加“未发表的结果”或“个人通信”。
References cited as "in press" imply that the item has been accepted for publication.
引用为“in press”的参考文献意味着该项目已被接受出版。

Linking to cited sources will increase the discoverability of your research.
链接到引用的来源将增加您研究的可发现性。

Before submission, check that all data provided in your reference list are correct, including any references which have been copied. Providing correct reference data allows us to link to abstracting and indexing services such as Scopus, Crossref and PubMed. Any incorrect surnames, journal or book titles, publication years or pagination within your references may prevent link creation.
在提交之前，请检查您的参考列表中提供的所有数据是否正确，包括已复制的任何参考。提供正确的参考数据使我们能够链接到摘要和索引服务，例如 Scopus、Crossref 和 PubMed。参考文献中任何不正确的姓氏、期刊或书籍标题、出版年份或分页都可能导致链接创建无法。

We encourage the use of Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) as reference links as they provide a permanent link to the electronic article referenced.
我们鼓励使用数字对象标识符（DOI）作为参考链接，因为它们提供了指向所引用电子文章的永久链接。

Reference format 参考格式

This journal does not set strict requirements on reference formatting at submission. Some guidelines:
本刊对投稿时的参考文献格式没有严格的要求。一些准则：

References can be in any style or format as long as the style is consistent.
引用可以是任何样式或格式，只要样式一致即可。
Author names, journal or book titles, chapter or article titles, year of publication, volume numbers, article numbers or pagination must be included, where applicable.
在适用的情况下，必须包括作者姓名、期刊或书籍标题、章节或文章标题、出版年份、卷号、文章编号或分页。
Use of DOIs is recommended.
建议使用 DOI。

Our journal reference style will be applied to your article after acceptance, at proof stage. If required, at this stage we will ask you to correct or supply any missing reference data.
我们的期刊参考格式将在接受后，在校对阶段应用于您的文章。如果需要，在此阶段，我们将要求您更正或提供任何缺失的参考数据。

Web references Web 引用

When listing web references, as a minimum you should provide the full URL and the date when the reference was last accessed. Additional information (e.g. DOI, author names, dates or reference to a source publication) should also be provided, if known.
在列出 Web 引用时，您至少应提供完整的 URL 和上次访问引用的日期。如果知道，还应提供其他信息（例如 DOI、作者姓名、日期或对来源出版物的引用）。

You can list web references separately under a new heading directly after your reference list or include them in your reference list.
您可以在参考文献列表之后的新标题下单独列出 Web 参考文献，也可以将它们包含在参考文献列表中。

Data references 数据引用

We encourage you to cite underlying or relevant datasets within article text and to list data references in the reference list.
我们鼓励您在文章文本中引用基础或相关数据集，并在参考文献列表中列出数据参考文献。

When citing data references, you should include:
引用数据参考文献时，应包括：

author name(s) 作者姓名
dataset title 数据集标题
data repository 数据存储库
version (where available)
版本（如果可用）
year 年
global persistent identifier
全局持久标识符

Add [dataset] immediately before your reference. This will help us to properly identify the dataset. The [dataset] identifier will not appear in your published article.
在引用之前添加 [dataset]。这将帮助我们正确识别数据集。[dataset] 标识符不会显示在您发布的文章中。

Software references 软件参考

Cite software (including computational code, scripts, models, notebooks and libraries) in the same way as other sources of information to support proper attribution and credit, reproducibility, collaboration and reuse, and encourage building on the work of others to further research. To facilitate this, useful information is provided in this article on the essentials of software citation by FORCE 11, of which Elsevier is a member.
以与其他信息来源相同的方式引用软件（包括计算代码、脚本、模型、笔记本和库），以支持正确的归属和信用、可重复性、协作和重用，并鼓励在他人工作的基础上进行进一步研究。为了促进这一点，本文提供了有关 FORCE 11 软件引用要点的有用信息，爱思唯尔是 FORCE 11 的成员。

A reference to software should include the following elements:
对 software 的引用应包括以下元素：

Creator(s): the authors or project that developed the software.
创建者：开发软件的作者或项目。
Title: the name of the software.
标题：软件的名称。
Publication venue: the publication venue of the software, preferably, an archive or repository that provides permanent identifiers.
发布地点：软件的发布地点，最好是提供永久标识符的档案或存储库。
Date: the date the software was published. This is the date associated with a release or version of the software, or “n.d.” if the date is unknown.
日期：软件的发布日期。这是与软件的发行版或版本相关的日期，如果日期未知，则为“n.d.”。
Identifier: a resolvable pointer to the software, preferably, a PID that resolves to a landing page containing descriptive metadata about the software, similar to how a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) for a paper that points to a page about the paper rather than directly to a representation of the paper, such as the PDF. DOIs are preferable, and other examples of PIDs include Handles, RRIDs, ASCL IDs, swMath IDs, Software Heritage IDs, ARK Alliance, etc. If there is no PID for the software, a URL to where the software exists may be the best identifier available.
标识符：指向软件的可解析指针，最好是解析为包含有关软件的描述性元数据的登录页面的 PID，类似于论文的数字对象标识符（DOI）指向有关论文的页面，而不是直接指向论文的表示形式，例如 PDF。DOI 是首选，PID 的其他示例包括 Handles、RRID、ASCL ID、SWMath ID、Software Heritage ID、ARK Alliance 等。如果软件没有 PID，则指向软件所在位置的 URL 可能是可用的最佳标识符。
Version: the identifier for the version of the software being referenced. If the version is unidentified or unknown, the date of access should be used.
版本：所引用软件版本的标识符。如果版本未识别或未知，则应使用访问日期。
Type: some reference styles (e.g., APA), require a bracketed description of the citation (e.g., [Computer software]) to be included.
类型：某些参考文献样式（例如 APA）需要对引文进行括号说明（例如，[Computer software]）才能包含。

If an article exists that describes the software, it should be cited as an additional reference, as well as citing the software itself. Do not cite the article instead of the software.
如果存在描述该软件的文章，则应将其作为附加参考引用，并引用软件本身。不要引用文章而不是软件。

Preprint references 预印本参考文献

We ask you to mark preprints clearly. You should include the word "preprint" or the name of the preprint server as part of your reference and provide the preprint DOI.
我们要求您清楚地标记预印本。您应该在参考中包含“预印本”一词或预印本服务器的名称作为参考的一部分，并提供预印本 DOI。

Where a preprint has subsequently become available as a peer-reviewed publication, use the formal publication as your reference.
如果预印本随后作为同行评审出版物提供，请使用正式出版物作为参考。

If there are preprints that are central to your work or that cover crucial developments in the topic, but they are not yet formally published, you may reference the preprint.
如果有预印本对您的工作至关重要，或者涵盖了该主题的关键发展，但它们尚未正式发布，您可以引用预印本。

Reference management software
参考文献管理软件

Most Elsevier journals have their reference template available in popular reference management software products. These include products that support Citation Style Language (CSL) such as Mendeley Reference Manager.
大多数 Elsevier 期刊在流行的参考文献管理软件产品中都提供了参考文献模板。其中包括支持引文格式语言（CSL）的产品，例如 Mendeley Reference Manager。

If you use a citation plug-in from these products, select the relevant journal template and all your citations and bibliographies will automatically be formatted in the journal style. We advise you to remove all field codes before submitting your manuscript to any reference management software product.
如果您使用这些产品的引文插件，请选择相关的期刊模板，您的所有引文和书目将自动以期刊样式格式化。我们建议您在将手稿提交到任何参考文献管理软件产品之前删除所有字段代码。

If a template is not available for this journal, follow the format given in examples in the reference style section of this Guide for Authors.
如果该期刊没有模板，请遵循本作者指南的参考文献格式部分的示例中给出的格式。

Submitting your manuscript
提交您的手稿

Submission checklist 提交清单

Before completing the submission of your manuscript, we advise you to read our submission checklist:
在完成稿件提交之前，我们建议您阅读我们的投稿清单：

One author has been designated as the corresponding author and their full contact details (email address, full postal address and phone numbers) have been provided.
已指定一位作者为通讯作者，并已提供其完整的联系方式（电子邮件地址、完整的邮政地址和电话号码）。
All files have been uploaded, including keywords, figure captions and tables (including a title, description and footnotes) included.
所有文件均已上传，包括关键字、图表标题和表格（包括标题、描述和脚注）。
Spelling and grammar checks have been carried out.
已进行拼写和语法检查。
All references in the article text are cited in the reference list and vice versa.
文章文本中的所有参考文献都在参考文献列表中被引用，反之亦然。
Permission has been obtained for the use of any copyrighted material from other sources, including the Web.
已获得使用来自其他来源（包括 Web）的任何受版权保护的材料的权限。
For gold open access articles, all authors understand that they are responsible for payment of the article publishing charge (APC) if the manuscript is accepted. Payment of the APC may be covered by the corresponding author's institution, or the research funder.
对于金色开放获取文章，所有作者都明白，如果手稿被接受，他们有责任支付文章出版费（APC）。APC 的费用可能由通讯作者的机构或研究资助者承担。

Suggest reviewers 建议审阅者

To support the peer review process, we ask you to provide names and institutional email addresses of several potential reviewers for their manuscript. Some guidelines:
为了支持同行评审过程，我们要求您提供几位潜在审稿人的姓名和机构电子邮件地址。一些准则：

Reviewers should not be colleagues or have co-authored or collaborated with you during the last three years.
审稿人不应是同事，也不应在过去三年中与您合著或合作。
Do not suggest reviewers with whom you have competing interests.
不要推荐与您有利益冲突的审阅者。
Suggest reviewers who are located in different countries or regions from yourself. This helps to provide a broad and balanced assessment of your work and to ensure scientific rigor.
推荐与您位于不同国家或地区的审阅者。这有助于对您的工作进行广泛而平衡的评估，并确保科学的严谨性。
Consider diversity in your reviewer suggestions, such as gender, race and ethnicity and career stage.
在审阅者建议中考虑多样性，例如性别、种族和民族以及职业阶段。
Do not suggest members of our Editorial Board.
请勿推荐我们的编辑委员会成员。

The journal editors will take the final decision on whether to invite your suggested reviewers.
期刊编辑将最终决定是否邀请您推荐的审稿人。

Submit online 在线提交

Our online submission system guides you through the process steps of entering your manuscript details and uploading your files. The system converts your article files to a single PDF file used in the peer-review process.
我们的在线投稿系统将指导您完成输入稿件详细信息和上传文件的流程步骤。系统会将您的文章文件转换为同行评审过程中使用的单个 PDF 文件。

Editable files (e.g., Word, LaTeX) are required to typeset your article for final publication. All correspondence, including notification of the editor's decision and requests for revision, is sent by email.
需要可编辑的文件（例如 Word、LaTeX）来排版您的文章以进行最终发布。所有信件，包括编辑决定的通知和修改请求，均通过电子邮件发送。

Please follow this link to submit your paper.
请点击此链接提交您的论文。

After receiving a final decision
收到最终决定后

Article Transfer Service 文章传输服务

If your manuscript is more suitable for an alternative Elsevier journal, you may receive an email asking you to consider transferring your manuscript via the Elsevier Article Transfer Service.
如果您的稿件更适合其他爱思唯尔期刊，您可能会收到一封电子邮件，询问您考虑通过爱思唯尔文章传输服务转移您的稿件。

The recommendation could come from the journal editor, a dedicated in-house scientific managing editor, a tool-assisted recommendation or a combination.
推荐可以来自期刊编辑、专门的内部科学管理编辑、工具辅助推荐或组合。

If you agree with the recommendation, your manuscript will be transferred and independently reviewed by the editors of the new journal. You will have the opportunity to make revisions, if necessary, before the submission is complete at the destination journal.
如果您同意该推荐，您的稿件将被转移并由新期刊的编辑独立审查。如有必要，您将有机会在目标日记帐完成提交之前进行修订。

Publishing agreement 发布协议

Authors will be asked to complete a publishing agreement after acceptance. The corresponding author will receive a link to the online agreement by email. We advise you to read Elsevier's policies related to copyright to learn more about our copyright policies and your, and your employer’s/institution’s, additional rights for subscription and gold open access articles.
接受后，将要求作者填写出版协议。通讯作者将通过电子邮件收到在线协议的链接。我们建议您阅读爱思唯尔的版权相关政策，以详细了解我们的版权政策以及您和您的雇主/机构对订阅和金色开放获取文章的额外权利。

License options 许可证选项

Authors will be offered open access user license options which will determine how you, and third parties, can reuse your gold open access article. We advise that you review these options and any funding body license requirements before selecting a license option.
作者将获得开放获取用户许可选项，这将决定您和第三方如何重复使用您的金色开放获取文章。我们建议您在选择许可证选项之前查看这些选项和任何资助机构许可证要求。

Open access 开放获取

We refer you to our open access information page to learn about open access options for this journal.
我们建议您访问我们的开放获取信息页面，了解本期刊的开放获取选项。

Permission for copyrighted works
版权作品的许可

If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included in your article, you must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) within your article using Elsevier’s permission request and license form (Word).
如果您的文章中包含其他受版权保护作品的摘录，您必须获得版权所有者的书面许可，并使用爱思唯尔的许可申请和许可表格（Word）在您的文章中注明来源。

Proof correction 校样校正

To ensure a fast publication process we will ask you to provide proof corrections within two days.
为确保快速发布过程，我们将要求您在 2 天内提供校样更正。

Corresponding authors will be sent an email which includes a link to our online proofing system, allowing annotation and correction of proofs online. The environment is similar to Word. You can edit text, comment on figures and tables and answer questions raised by our copy editor. Our web-based proofing service ensures a faster and less error-prone process.
通讯作者将收到一封电子邮件，其中包含我们在线校对系统的链接，允许在线注释和更正校样。环境类似于 Word。您可以编辑文本，对图表和表格发表评论，并回答我们的文案编辑提出的问题。我们基于 Web 的校对服务可确保更快、更不容易出错的流程。

You can choose to annotate and upload your edits on the PDF version of your article, if preferred. We will provide you with proofing instructions and available alternative proofing methods in our email.
如果愿意，您可以选择在文章的 PDF 版本上添加注释并上传您的编辑。我们将在电子邮件中为您提供校对说明和可用的替代校对方法。

The purpose of the proof is to check the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of your article text, tables and figures. Significant changes to your article at the proofing stage will only be considered with approval of the journal editor.
校对的目的是检查文章文本、表格和图表的排版、编辑、完整性和正确性。在校对阶段对您的文章进行重大更改只有在期刊编辑批准后才会考虑。

A customized Share Link, providing 50 days free access to the final published version of your article on ScienceDirect, will be sent by email to the corresponding author. The Share Link can be used to share your article on any communication channel, such as by email or on social media.
定制的分享链接将通过电子邮件发送给通讯作者，提供 50 天免费访问您在 ScienceDirect 上发表的文章的最终版本。Share Link 可用于在任何通信渠道上共享您的文章，例如通过电子邮件或社交媒体。

For an extra charge, you will be provided with the option to order paper offprints. A link to an offprint order form will be sent by email when your article is accepted for publication.
支付额外费用后，您可以选择订购纸质选印本。当您的文章被接受出版时，将通过电子邮件发送指向选印本订购表的链接。

A Share Link will not be provided if your article is published gold open access. The final published version of your gold open access article will be openly available on ScienceDirect and can be shared through the article DOI link.
如果您的文章以 gold 开放获取方式发布，则不会提供分享链接。您的金色开放获取文章的最终出版版本将在 ScienceDirect 上公开提供，并可通过文章 DOI 链接分享。

Responsible sharing 负责任的分享

We encourage you to share and promote your article to give additional visibility to your work, enabling your paper to contribute to scientific progress and foster the exchange of scientific developments within your field. Read more about how to responsibly share and promote your article.
我们鼓励您分享和推广您的文章，以提高您的工作的知名度，使您的论文能够为科学进步做出贡献，并促进您所在领域内的科学发展交流。阅读更多关于如何负责任地分享和推广您的文章的信息。

Resources for authors 面向作者的资源

Elsevier Researcher Academy
爱思唯尔研究人员学院

If you would like help to improve your submission or navigate the publication process, support is available via Elsevier Researcher Academy.
如果您需要帮助来改进您的投稿或浏览出版流程，可通过爱思唯尔研究人员学院获得支持。

Elsevier Researcher Academy offers free e-learning modules, webinars, downloadable guides and research writing and peer review process resources.
爱思唯尔研究人员学院提供免费的在线学习模块、网络研讨会、可下载指南以及研究写作和同行评审流程资源。

Language and editing services
语言和编辑服务

We recommend that you write in American or British English but not a combination of both.
我们建议您使用美式或英式英语写作，但不要将两者结合起来。

If you feel the English language in your manuscript requires editing to eliminate possible grammatical or spelling errors and to conform to correct scientific English, you may wish to use the English Language Editing service provided by Elsevier’s Author Services.
如果您认为稿件中的英语需要编辑，以消除可能的语法或拼写错误并符合正确的科学英语，您可能希望使用爱思唯尔作者服务提供的英语语言编辑服务。

Getting help and support 获取帮助和支持

Author support 作者支持

We recommend that you visit our Journal Article Publishing Support Center if you have questions about the editorial process or require technical support for your submission. Some popular FAQs:
如果您对编辑流程有疑问或需要技术支持，我们建议您访问我们的期刊论文发布支持中心。一些流行的常见问题解答：

3.其他

Important information about corresponding authors
通讯作者的重要信息

The corresponding author will communicate with Elsevier during the editorial process. Their institution determines if any publishing agreements are applicable, which can affect the price of publishing open access and who pays. Use their main institution, not their department.
通讯作者将在编辑过程中与爱思唯尔进行沟通。他们的机构决定任何出版协议是否适用，这可能会影响出版开放获取的价格和付款人。使用他们的主要机构，而不是他们的部门。

This selection does not prevent additional corresponding authors from being referenced in the final published article.
此选择不会阻止在最终发表的文章中引用其他通讯作者。

Changing authors at revision
在修订时更改作者

Only in exceptional circumstances will the Editor consider the addition, deletion or rearrangement of authors after the manuscript has been submitted and the author must clearly flag any such request to the Editor. Unauthorized authorship changes will result in the rejection of your manuscript or retraction if it is discovered after publication.
只有在特殊情况下，编辑才会在提交手稿后考虑增加、删除或重新排列作者，并且作者必须向编辑明确说明任何此类请求。未经授权的作者更改将导致您的稿件被拒绝或在发表后被发现而被撤回。

Please review the Elsevier Publishing Ethics policy and the journal s policy on authorship changes in the Instructions for Authors linked in the About menu, above.
请查看 Elsevier 出版道德政策和期刊关于作者身份更改的政策，请参阅上面“关于”菜单中链接的“作者说明”。

Any change requests should be made using this Authorship Change Request form, and the completed form should be submitted for consideration by the Editor as part of the cover letter for your revision submission.
任何更改请求都应使用此作者身份变更申请表和填妥的表格应作为您提交修订的求职信的一部分提交给编辑考虑。

Reorder the authors by dragging and dropping them into the correct position.
通过将作者拖放到正确的位置来重新排序作者。

Select the funder(s) for this research from the dropdown list
从下拉列表中选择此研究的资助者

Funder details help to determine if your manuscript qualifies for reduced OA publishing charges.
资助者详细信息有助于确定您的手稿是否有资格享受减免的 OA 出版费用。
Two or more funders? Enter the organisation providing the most funding first.
两个或多个资助者？首先进入提供最多资金的组织。

If you cannot find your funder in the dropdown list - please enter the entire funder name, award number (if available) and recipient.
如果您在下拉列表中找不到您的资助者 - 请输入完整的资助者姓名、奖励编号（如果有）和接受者。

At revision stage, PDFs are not supported for the following item types: Manuscript file, Table and Title page. Please upload editable versions (Word files ,LaTeX files) for these item types as these will then be used for typesetting the accepted manuscript.
在修订阶段，以下项目类型不支持 PDF：手稿文件、表格和标题页。请上传这些项目类型的可编辑版本（Word 文件、LaTeX 文件），因为这些版本将用于排版接受的手稿。

Manuscript (including abstract)
手稿（包括摘要）

Declaration of Interest Statement
利益申报声明

Declaration of Interests:
利益声明：

All authors must disclose any financial or personal relationships that may be perceived as influencing their work. Complete Elsevier's Declaration of Interests form. Additional instructions may appear below (after uploading your main file).
所有作者必须披露任何可能被视为影响其工作的财务或个人关系。填写爱思唯尔的利益申报表。下面可能会显示其他说明（上传主文件后）。

DECLARATION OF INTERESTS:
利益声明：

All authors must disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work or state if there are no interests to declare.
如果没有利益需要申报，所有作者都必须披露与其他个人或组织的任何财务和个人关系，这些关系可能会不当地影响（偏见）他们的工作或国家。

Complete Elsevier's Declaration of Interests form. (This will open outside of EM, in a new tab.)
填写爱思唯尔的利益申报表。（这将在 EM 外部的新选项卡中打开。
Once you have completed your Declaration, your statement should immediately download to your desktop.
完成声明后，您的声明应立即下载到您的桌面。
Upload this file along with the rest of the required items.
上传此文件以及其余必需的项目。