Vulkan-官方示例解读-Specialization constants（专业化常数）

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前言

使用 SPIR-V 专业化常量从单个“超级”着色器创建具有不同照明路径的多个管道。

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一、CPP文件

1.类以及变量

给shader使用同一个uniform buffer

class VulkanExample: public VulkanExampleBase
{
public:
	vkglTF::Model scene;
	vks::Texture2D colormap;
	vks::Buffer uniformBuffer;

	// Same uniform buffer layout as shader
	struct UBOVS {
		glm::mat4 projection;
		glm::mat4 modelView;
		glm::vec4 lightPos = glm::vec4(0.0f, -2.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
	} uboVS;

	VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout;
	VkDescriptorSet descriptorSet;
	VkDescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout;

	struct {
		VkPipeline phong;
		VkPipeline toon;
		VkPipeline textured;
	} pipelines;

2.函数

buildCommandBuffers

	void buildCommandBuffers()
	{
		VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmdBufInfo = vks::initializers::commandBufferBeginInfo();

		VkClearValue clearValues[2];
		clearValues[0].color = defaultClearColor;
		clearValues[1].depthStencil = { 1.0f, 0 };

		VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderPassBeginInfo = vks::initializers::renderPassBeginInfo();
		renderPassBeginInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
		renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.offset.x = 0;
		renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.offset.y = 0;
		renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.extent.width = width;
		renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.extent.height = height;
		renderPassBeginInfo.clearValueCount = 2;
		renderPassBeginInfo.pClearValues = clearValues;

		for (int32_t i = 0; i < drawCmdBuffers.size(); ++i)
		{
			// Set target frame buffer
			renderPassBeginInfo.framebuffer = frameBuffers[i];

			VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkBeginCommandBuffer(drawCmdBuffers[i], &cmdBufInfo));

			vkCmdBeginRenderPass(drawCmdBuffers[i], &renderPassBeginInfo, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);

			VkRect2D scissor = vks::initializers::rect2D(width, height,	0, 0);
			vkCmdSetScissor(drawCmdBuffers[i], 0, 1, &scissor);

			vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(drawCmdBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelineLayout, 0, 1, &descriptorSet, 0, NULL);

			VkDeviceSize offsets[1] = { 0 };

			// Left
			VkViewport viewport = vks::initializers::viewport((float) width / 3.0f, (float) height, 0.0f, 1.0f);
			vkCmdSetViewport(drawCmdBuffers[i], 0, 1, &viewport);
			vkCmdBindPipeline(drawCmdBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelines.phong);
			scene.draw(drawCmdBuffers[i]);
			
			// Center
			viewport.x = (float)width / 3.0f;
			vkCmdSetViewport(drawCmdBuffers[i], 0, 1, &viewport);
			vkCmdBindPipeline(drawCmdBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelines.toon);
			scene.draw(drawCmdBuffers[i]);

			// Right
			viewport.x = (float)width / 3.0f + (float)width / 3.0f;
			vkCmdSetViewport(drawCmdBuffers[i], 0, 1, &viewport);
			vkCmdBindPipeline(drawCmdBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelines.textured);
			scene.draw(drawCmdBuffers[i]);

			drawUI(drawCmdBuffers[i]);

			vkCmdEndRenderPass(drawCmdBuffers[i]);

			VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkEndCommandBuffer(drawCmdBuffers[i]));
		}
	}

preparePipelines：使用specializationData 专业化数据。着色器阶段的每个着色器常量对应于一个地图条目。基于特化常量的着色器绑定由新的“constant_id”布局限定符标记。分配的专用化信息是着色器阶段（modul）的一部分，必须在创建模块后和创建管道之前进行设置。最后给每一个shader都创建渲染管线。

	void preparePipelines()
	{
		VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo inputAssemblyState = vks::initializers::pipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo(VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST, 0, VK_FALSE);
		VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizationState = vks::initializers::pipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo(VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL, VK_CULL_MODE_NONE, VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE, 0);
		VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState blendAttachmentState = vks::initializers::pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState(0xf, VK_FALSE);
		VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo colorBlendState = vks::initializers::pipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo(1, &blendAttachmentState);
		VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depthStencilState = vks::initializers::pipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo(VK_TRUE, VK_TRUE, VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS_OR_EQUAL);
		VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportState = vks::initializers::pipelineViewportStateCreateInfo(1, 1, 0);
		VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampleState = vks::initializers::pipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo(VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT, 0);
		std::vector<VkDynamicState> dynamicStateEnables = { VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT, VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR, VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_LINE_WIDTH };
		VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamicState = vks::initializers::pipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo(dynamicStateEnables);
		std::array<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo, 2> shaderStages;

		VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineCI = vks::initializers::pipelineCreateInfo(pipelineLayout, renderPass, 0);
		pipelineCI.pInputAssemblyState = &inputAssemblyState;
		pipelineCI.pRasterizationState = &rasterizationState;
		pipelineCI.pColorBlendState = &colorBlendState;
		pipelineCI.pMultisampleState = &multisampleState;
		pipelineCI.pViewportState = &viewportState;
		pipelineCI.pDepthStencilState = &depthStencilState;
		pipelineCI.pDynamicState = &dynamicState;
		pipelineCI.stageCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(shaderStages.size());
		pipelineCI.pStages = shaderStages.data();
		pipelineCI.pVertexInputState = vkglTF::Vertex::getPipelineVertexInputState({ vkglTF::VertexComponent::Position, vkglTF::VertexComponent::Normal, vkglTF::VertexComponent::UV, vkglTF::VertexComponent::Color });

		// Prepare specialization data

		// Host data to take specialization constants from
		struct SpecializationData {
			// Sets the lighting model used in the fragment "uber" shader
			uint32_t lightingModel;
			// Parameter for the toon shading part of the fragment shader
			float toonDesaturationFactor = 0.5f;
		} specializationData;

		// Each shader constant of a shader stage corresponds to one map entry
		std::array<VkSpecializationMapEntry, 2> specializationMapEntries;
		// Shader bindings based on specialization constants are marked by the new "constant_id" layout qualifier:
		//	layout (constant_id = 0) const int LIGHTING_MODEL = 0;
		//	layout (constant_id = 1) const float PARAM_TOON_DESATURATION = 0.0f;

		// Map entry for the lighting model to be used by the fragment shader
		specializationMapEntries[0].constantID = 0;
		specializationMapEntries[0].size = sizeof(specializationData.lightingModel);
		specializationMapEntries[0].offset = 0;

		// Map entry for the toon shader parameter
		specializationMapEntries[1].constantID = 1;
		specializationMapEntries[1].size = sizeof(specializationData.toonDesaturationFactor);
		specializationMapEntries[1].offset = offsetof(SpecializationData, toonDesaturationFactor);

		// Prepare specialization info block for the shader stage
		VkSpecializationInfo specializationInfo{};
		specializationInfo.dataSize = sizeof(specializationData);
		specializationInfo.mapEntryCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(specializationMapEntries.size());
		specializationInfo.pMapEntries = specializationMapEntries.data();
		specializationInfo.pData = &specializationData;

		// Create pipelines
		// All pipelines will use the same "uber" shader and specialization constants to change branching and parameters of that shader
		shaderStages[0] = loadShader(getShadersPath() + "specializationconstants/uber.vert.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT);
		shaderStages[1] = loadShader(getShadersPath() + "specializationconstants/uber.frag.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT);
		// Specialization info is assigned is part of the shader stage (modul) and must be set after creating the module and before creating the pipeline
		shaderStages[1].pSpecializationInfo = &specializationInfo;

		// Solid phong shading
		specializationData.lightingModel = 0;
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, pipelineCache, 1, &pipelineCI, nullptr, &pipelines.phong));

		// Phong and textured
		specializationData.lightingModel = 1;
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, pipelineCache, 1, &pipelineCI, nullptr, &pipelines.toon));

		// Textured discard
		specializationData.lightingModel = 2;
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, pipelineCache, 1, &pipelineCI, nullptr, &pipelines.textured));
	}

二、Shader文件

1.fragShader

代码如下（示例）：

#version 450

layout (binding = 1) uniform sampler2D samplerColormap;
layout (binding = 2) uniform sampler2D samplerDiscard;

layout (location = 0) in vec3 inNormal;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 inColor;
layout (location = 2) in vec2 inUV;
layout (location = 3) in vec3 inViewVec;
layout (location = 4) in vec3 inLightVec;

layout (location = 0) out vec4 outFragColor;

// We use this constant to control the flow of the shader depending on the 
// lighting model selected at pipeline creation time
layout (constant_id = 0) const int LIGHTING_MODEL = 0;
// Parameter for the toon shading part of the shader
layout (constant_id = 1) const float PARAM_TOON_DESATURATION = 0.0f;

void main() 
{
	switch (LIGHTING_MODEL) {
		case 0: // Phong			
		{
			vec3 ambient = inColor * vec3(0.25);
			vec3 N = normalize(inNormal);
			vec3 L = normalize(inLightVec);
			vec3 V = normalize(inViewVec);
			vec3 R = reflect(-L, N);
			vec3 diffuse = max(dot(N, L), 0.0) * inColor;
			vec3 specular = pow(max(dot(R, V), 0.0), 32.0) * vec3(0.75);
			outFragColor = vec4(ambient + diffuse * 1.75 + specular, 1.0);		
			break;
		}
		case 1: // Toon
		{

			vec3 N = normalize(inNormal);
			vec3 L = normalize(inLightVec);
			float intensity = dot(N,L);
			vec3 color;
			if (intensity > 0.98)
				color = inColor * 1.5;
			else if  (intensity > 0.9)
				color = inColor * 1.0;
			else if (intensity > 0.5)
				color = inColor * 0.6;
			else if (intensity > 0.25)
				color = inColor * 0.4;
			else
				color = inColor * 0.2;
			// Desaturate a bit
			color = vec3(mix(color, vec3(dot(vec3(0.2126,0.7152,0.0722), color)), PARAM_TOON_DESATURATION));	
			outFragColor.rgb = color;
			break;
		}
		case 2: // Textured
		{
			vec4 color = texture(samplerColormap, inUV).rrra;
			vec3 ambient = color.rgb * vec3(0.25) * inColor;
			vec3 N = normalize(inNormal);
			vec3 L = normalize(inLightVec);
			vec3 V = normalize(inViewVec);
			vec3 R = reflect(-L, N);
			vec3 diffuse = max(dot(N, L), 0.0) * color.rgb;
			float specular = pow(max(dot(R, V), 0.0), 32.0) * color.a;
			outFragColor = vec4(ambient + diffuse + vec3(specular), 1.0);		
			break;
		}
	}
}

2.vertShader

代码如下（示例）：

#version 450

layout (location = 0) in vec3 inPos;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 inNormal;
layout (location = 2) in vec2 inUV;
layout (location = 3) in vec3 inColor;

layout (binding = 0) uniform UBO 
{
	mat4 projection;
	mat4 model;
	vec4 lightPos;
} ubo;

layout (location = 0) out vec3 outNormal;
layout (location = 1) out vec3 outColor;
layout (location = 2) out vec2 outUV;
layout (location = 3) out vec3 outViewVec;
layout (location = 4) out vec3 outLightVec;

out gl_PerVertex
{
	vec4 gl_Position;
};

void main() 
{
	outNormal = inNormal;
	outColor = inColor;
	outUV = inUV;
	gl_Position = ubo.projection * ubo.model * vec4(inPos.xyz, 1.0);
	
	vec4 pos = ubo.model * vec4(inPos, 1.0);
	outNormal = mat3(ubo.model) * inNormal;
	vec3 lPos = mat3(ubo.model) * ubo.lightPos.xyz;
	outLightVec = lPos - pos.xyz;
	outViewVec = -pos.xyz;		
}

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效果