《算法笔记上机实验指南》第4章 入门篇(2)---算法初步 5.3 分数的四则运算

pat A1081

题意:

在这里插入图片描述

输入:

1.输入n个数字
2.后面紧接着输分数入n个

输出:

输出n个分数之和,注意输入方式按照下图中所示的分数形式输出
/注意这里欠张notability上的图

解题思路:

在这里插入图片描述

参考代码:

#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
/*
    解题思路:
    1.gcd辗转相除函数
    2.设置分数结构Fraction
    3.reduction化简:1.分母为负数 2.分子为0,设置分母为1 3.分子,分母同除以最大公约数
    4.add将两个分数相加,十分简单
    5.showResult()输出: 1.分母为1,直接输出分子  2.分子绝对值>分母,依次输出除数,分子带绝对值求余分母,输出分母 
    6.main中,只要设置两个变量sum,temp就行,注意sum.up=0,sum.down=1;最后直接输出
*/
ll gcd(ll a, ll b)
{
    return !b?a:gcd(b,a%b);       //辗转相除法:注意当b为0时,返回的是a
}

struct Fraction
{
    ll up,down;        //设置分子,分母
};
Fraction reduction(Fraction reduct)     //化简:1.分子<0,分子,分母全部换为相反数;2.如果分子为0,则直接将分母设置为1;否则,取分子分母的最大公约数,进行化简
{
    if(reduct.down<0)   //如果分母<0,就把分子分母都设置为相反数
    {
        reduct.up=-reduct.up;       
        reduct.down=-reduct.down;
    }
    if(reduct.up==0)      //如果分子为0,则设置分母为1
        reduct.down=1;
    else
    {
        //如果分子不为0,则直接约分
        int d=gcd(abs(reduct.up),abs(reduct.down));
        reduct.up=reduct.up/d;
        reduct.down=reduct.down/d;
    }
    return reduct;
}
Fraction add(Fraction f1,Fraction f2)  //分数相加
{
    Fraction result;
    result.up=f1.up*f2.down+f2.up*f1.down;
    result.down=f1.down*f2.down;
    return reduction(result);       //最后返回化简后的分数
}
void showResult(Fraction r)
{
    r=reduction(r); //先化简
    if(r.down==1)
        printf("%lld\n",r.up);    //如果分母为1,直接输出整数
    else if(abs(r.up)>r.down)    //如果分子的绝对值>分母,将分子设置为绝对值因为如果当分母为负数时,再化简过程中将负号给了分子,所以在比较时,给分子带绝对值,计算整数的部分时不用带绝对值,算子时带绝对值,
    {
        printf("%lld %lld/%lld\n",r.up/r.down,abs(r.up)%r.down,r.down);
    }
    else
    {      //直接输出真分数
        printf("%lld/%lld\n",r.up,r.down);

    }
}
int main()
{
    int n;
    Fraction sum,temp;
    cin >> n;
    sum.up=0,sum.down=1;      //和的分子为0,分母为1
    for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
    {
        scanf("%lld/%lld",&temp.up,&temp.down);
        sum=add(sum,temp);
    }
    showResult(sum);
    return 0;
}



pat A1088

题意:

在这里插入图片描述

输入:

在这里插入图片描述

输出:

在这里插入图片描述

解题思路:

在这里插入图片描述

参考代码:

#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
/*
    解题思路:
    1.古老的传统智慧,gcd+struct Fraction+Fraction reduction+Fraction add+void showResult
    2.针对加减乘除分别输出,如果是负数套括号,如果对于除法中,分母为0,则输出Inf
*/
typedef long long ll;
const int Inf=1000000l;
int gcd(ll a, ll b)
{
    return !b?a:gcd(b,a%b);
}
struct Fraction
{
    ll up,down;
};
Fraction reduction(Fraction reduct)
{
    if(reduct.down<0)
    {
        reduct.up=-reduct.up;
        reduct.down=-reduct.down;
    }
    if(reduct.up==0)
        reduct.down=1;
    else
    {
        int d=gcd(abs(reduct.up),abs(reduct.down));
        reduct.up/=d;
        reduct.down/=d;
    }
    return reduct;
}
Fraction add(Fraction f1,Fraction f2)
{
    Fraction result;
    result.up=f1.up*f2.down+f2.up*f1.down;
    result.down=f1.down*f2.down;
    return reduction(result);
}
Fraction jian(Fraction f1,Fraction f2)
{
    Fraction result;
    result.up=f1.up*f2.down-f2.up*f1.down;
    result.down=f1.down*f2.down;
    return reduction(result);
}
Fraction cheng(Fraction f1,Fraction f2)
{
    Fraction result;
    result.up=f1.up*f2.up;
    result.down=f1.down*f2.down;
    return reduction(result);
}
Fraction chu(Fraction f1,Fraction f2)
{
    Fraction result;
    result.up=f1.up*f2.down;
    result.down=f1.down*f2.up;
    return reduction(result);
}
void showResult(Fraction r)
{
    r=reduction(r);
    if(r.down==1)
        printf("%lld",r.up);
    else if(abs(r.up)>r.down)
    {
        printf("%lld %lld/%lld",r.up/r.down,abs(r.up)%r.down,r.down);
    }
    else
        printf("%lld/%lld",r.up,r.down);
}
int main()
{
    Fraction temp1,temp2,c,n,m,b;
    scanf("%lld/%lld %lld/%lld",&temp1.up,&temp1.down,&temp2.up,&temp2.down);
    c=add(temp1,temp2);
    n=jian(temp1,temp2);
    m=cheng(temp1,temp2);
    b=chu(temp1,temp2);
    //输出加法
    if(temp1.up<0)
    {
        cout << "(";
        showResult(temp1);
        cout << ")";
    }
    else
        showResult(temp1);
    cout << " + ";
    if(temp2.up<0)
    {
        cout << "(";
        showResult(temp2);
        cout << ")";
    }
    else
        showResult(temp2);
    cout << " = ";
    if(c.up<0)
    {
        cout << "(";
        showResult(c);
        cout << ")";
    }
    else
        showResult(c);
    cout << endl;
    //输出减法
    if(temp1.up<0)
    {
        cout << "(";
        showResult(temp1);
        cout << ")";
    }
    else
        showResult(temp1);
    cout << " - ";
    if(temp2.up<0)
    {
        cout << "(";
        showResult(temp2);
        cout << ")";
    }
    else
        showResult(temp2);
    cout << " = ";
    if(n.up<0)
    {
        cout << "(";
        showResult(n);
        cout << ")";
    }
    else
        showResult(n);
    cout << endl;
    //输出乘法
    if(temp1.up<0)
    {
        cout << "(";
        showResult(temp1);
        cout << ")";
    }
    else
        showResult(temp1);
    cout << " * ";
    if(temp2.up<0)
    {
        cout << "(";
        showResult(temp2);
        cout << ")";
    }
    else
        showResult(temp2);
    cout << " = ";
    if(m.up<0)
    {
        cout << "(";
        showResult(m);
        cout << ")";
    }
    else
        showResult(m);
    cout << endl;
    //输出除法
    if(temp1.up<0)
    {
        cout << "(";
        showResult(temp1);
        cout << ")";
    }
    else
        showResult(temp1);
    cout << " / ";
    if(temp2.up<0)
    {
        cout << "(";
        showResult(temp2);
        cout << ")";
    }
    else
        showResult(temp2);
    cout << " = ";
    if(temp2.up==0)
    {
        cout << "Inf";
        return 0;
    }

    if(b.up<0)
    {
        cout << "(";
        showResult(b);
        cout << ")";
    }
    else
        showResult(b);
    cout << endl;
}



参考代码2:

#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
/*
    解题思路:
    1.古老的传统智慧,gcd+struct Fraction+Fraction reduction+Fraction add+void showResult
    2.针对加减乘除分别输出,如果是负数套括号,如果对于除法中,分母为0,则输出Inf
*/
typedef long long ll;
const int Inf=1000000l;
int gcd(ll a, ll b)
{
    return !b?a:gcd(b,a%b);
}
struct Fraction
{
    ll up,down;
};
Fraction reduction(Fraction reduct)
{
    if(reduct.down<0)
    {
        reduct.up=-reduct.up;
        reduct.down=-reduct.down;
    }
    if(reduct.up==0)
        reduct.down=1;
    else
    {
        int d=gcd(abs(reduct.up),abs(reduct.down));
        reduct.up/=d;
        reduct.down/=d;
    }
    return reduct;
}
Fraction add(Fraction f1,Fraction f2)
{
    Fraction result;
    result.up=f1.up*f2.down+f2.up*f1.down;
    result.down=f1.down*f2.down;
    return reduction(result);
}
Fraction jian(Fraction f1,Fraction f2)
{
    Fraction result;
    result.up=f1.up*f2.down-f2.up*f1.down;
    result.down=f1.down*f2.down;
    return reduction(result);
}
Fraction cheng(Fraction f1,Fraction f2)
{
    Fraction result;
    result.up=f1.up*f2.up;
    result.down=f1.down*f2.down;
    return reduction(result);
}
Fraction chu(Fraction f1,Fraction f2)
{
    Fraction result;
    result.up=f1.up*f2.down;
    result.down=f1.down*f2.up;
    return reduction(result);
}
void showResult(Fraction r)
{
    r=reduction(r);
    if(r.up<0)   //在这里加入输出的判断如果<0,则带括号,否则不带
        cout << "(";
    if(r.down==1)
        printf("%lld",r.up);
    else if(abs(r.up)>r.down)
    {
        printf("%lld %lld/%lld",r.up/r.down,abs(r.up)%r.down,r.down);
    }
    else
        printf("%lld/%lld",r.up,r.down);
    if(r.up<0)       //在这里加入输出的判断如果<0,则带括号,否则不带
        cout << ")";
}
int main()
{
    Fraction temp1,temp2,c,n,m,b;
    scanf("%lld/%lld %lld/%lld",&temp1.up,&temp1.down,&temp2.up,&temp2.down);
    c=add(temp1,temp2);
    n=jian(temp1,temp2);
    m=cheng(temp1,temp2);
    b=chu(temp1,temp2);
    //输出加法
    showResult(temp1);
    cout << " + ";
    showResult(temp2);
    cout << " = ";
    showResult(c);
    cout << endl;
    //输出减法
    showResult(temp1);
    cout << " - ";
    showResult(temp2);
    cout << " = ";
    showResult(n);
    cout << endl;
    //输出乘法
    showResult(temp1);
    cout << " * ";
    showResult(temp2);
    cout << " = ";
    showResult(m);
    cout << endl;
    //输出除法
    showResult(temp1);
    cout << " / ";
    showResult(temp2);
    cout << " = ";
    if(temp2.up==0)
    {
        cout << "Inf";
        return 0;
    }
    showResult(b);
    cout << endl;
}

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