kubernetes集群搭建-Prometheus+Grafana监控

背景

首先，开始搭建Prometheus+Grafana监控前，默认你已经部署了kubernetes集群，这里的部署方式全部都已经容器化部署

至于kubernetes集群如何搭建部署，本人写了篇文档，详细内容可以参考 (可以无脑按照步骤一步步操作，就能成功搭建出K8S集群)：

地址： https://blog.csdn.net/wt334502157/article/details/83992120

主要该文档中也可以查看一下拉取镜像等问题，已经将所有yaml打成压缩包放在文档中，如果审核通过则可以下载了，审核不通过就只能一个一个yaml复制了。

URL:  https://download.csdn.net/download/wt334502157/11945579

---开始部署---

[root@master ~]# docker pull registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/wangting/node-exporter:latest
[root@master ~]# docker pull registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/wangting/prometheus:v2.0.0
[root@master ~]# docker pull registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/wangting/grafana:4.2.0

docker tag imageID xxx/xxx:tag           

因为是从我私人仓库拉下来的，所以pull下来以后需要做一下更名，换成yaml格式里的名字，对应image名如下，可以先尝试直接下载原镜像，能下载就直接pull，不用这么麻烦。

prom/node-exporter
prom/prometheus:v2.0.0
grafana/grafana:4.2.0

部署前先下载镜像，提前做好准备工作

 

部署node-exporter； 先从简单的下手，我们知道以往用zabbix的时候，被监控的各个节点主机都会部署一个agent，同理，我们在K8S集群部署监控系统时，策略是在每个node节点上部署一个node-exporter；并且以守护进程DaemonSet的方式部署，这样加节点删节点，就无需再做相应的监控配置

 

在所有master和node节点先拉取镜像

node-exporter.yaml

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: node-exporter
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: node-exporter
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: node-exporter
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: node-exporter
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: prom/node-exporter
        name: node-exporter
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9100
          protocol: TCP
          name: http
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: node-exporter
  name: node-exporter
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  ports:
  - name: http
    port: 9100
    nodePort: 31672
    protocol: TCP
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    k8s-app: node-exporter

[root@master k8s-prometheus-grafana]# kubectl apply -f node-exporter.yaml 

 

部署prometheus组件

[root@master prometheus]# ls
configmap.yaml  prometheus.deploy.yml  prometheus.svc.yml  rbac-setup.yaml

kubectl apply -f configmap.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: prometheus-config
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  prometheus.yml: |
    global:
      scrape_interval:     15s
      evaluation_interval: 15s
    scrape_configs:

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-apiservers'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
        action: keep
        regex: default;kubernetes;https

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-nodes'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
        regex: (.+)
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-cadvisor'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
        regex: (.+)
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
        action: replace
        target_label: __scheme__
        regex: (https?)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)
      - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        action: replace
        target_label: __address__
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-services'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: service
      metrics_path: /probe
      params:
        module: [http_2xx]
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-ingresses'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: ingress
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_scheme,__address__,__meta_kubernetes_ingress_path]
        regex: (.+);(.+);(.+)
        replacement: ${1}://${2}${3}
        target_label: __param_target
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_ingress_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_name]
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-pods'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: pod
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)
      - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        action: replace
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
        target_label: __address__
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_name]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_pod_name

 

kubectl apply -f prometheus.deploy.yml

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    name: prometheus-deployment
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: prometheus
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: prometheus
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: prom/prometheus:v2.0.0
        name: prometheus
        command:
        - "/bin/prometheus"
        args:
        - "--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml"
        - "--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus"
        - "--storage.tsdb.retention=24h"
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9090
          protocol: TCP
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: "/prometheus"
          name: data
        - mountPath: "/etc/prometheus"
          name: config-volume
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
          limits:
            cpu: 500m
            memory: 2500Mi
      serviceAccountName: prometheus    
      volumes:
      - name: data
        emptyDir: {}
      - name: config-volume
        configMap:
          name: prometheus-config   

 

kubectl apply -f prometheus.svc.yml

---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: prometheus
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - port: 9090
    targetPort: 9090
    nodePort: 30003
  selector:
    app: prometheus

 

kubectl apply -f rbac-setup.yaml

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: prometheus
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources:
  - nodes
  - nodes/proxy
  - services
  - endpoints
  - pods
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- apiGroups:
  - extensions
  resources:
  - ingresses
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- nonResourceURLs: ["/metrics"]
  verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: prometheus
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: prometheus
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system

部署grafana组件

kubectl apply -f grafana-deploy.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: grafana-core
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    app: grafana
    component: core
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: grafana
      component: core
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: grafana
        component: core
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: grafana/grafana:4.2.0
        name: grafana-core
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        # env:
        resources:
          # keep request = limit to keep this container in guaranteed class
          limits:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
        env:
          # The following env variables set up basic auth twith the default admin user and admin password.
          - name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLED
            value: "true"
          - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED
            value: "false"
          # - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE
          #   value: Admin
          # does not really work, because of template variables in exported dashboards:
          # - name: GF_DASHBOARDS_JSON_ENABLED
          #   value: "true"
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /login
            port: 3000
          # initialDelaySeconds: 30
          # timeoutSeconds: 1
        volumeMounts:
        - name: grafana-persistent-storage
          mountPath: /var
      volumes:
      - name: grafana-persistent-storage
        emptyDir: {}

 

kubectl apply -f grafana-ing.yaml

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
   name: grafana
   namespace: kube-system
spec:
   rules:
   - host: k8s.grafana
     http:
       paths:
       - path: /
         backend:
          serviceName: grafana
          servicePort: 3000

 

kubectl apply -f grafana-svc.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: grafana
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    app: grafana
    component: core
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 3000
  selector:
    app: grafana
    component: core

 

本人至此，部署工作已经完毕了

[root@master k8s-prometheus-grafana]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-5644d7b6d9-xdqzj         1/1     Running   3          2d23h
coredns-5644d7b6d9-xkgt8         1/1     Running   4          2d23h
etcd-master                      1/1     Running   3          2d23h
grafana-core-7789756d87-mv6nc    1/1     Running   0          130m
kube-apiserver-master            1/1     Running   3          2d23h
kube-controller-manager-master   1/1     Running   3          2d23h
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-4rl55      1/1     Running   2          2d23h
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-9nn2n      1/1     Running   2          2d23h
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-gpgdq      1/1     Running   4          2d23h
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-s6rwb      1/1     Running   2          2d23h
kube-proxy-7cp2p                 1/1     Running   2          2d23h
kube-proxy-bbc26                 1/1     Running   2          2d23h
kube-proxy-c5qdp                 1/1     Running   3          2d23h
kube-proxy-wlrkc                 1/1     Running   4          2d23h
kube-scheduler-master            1/1     Running   3          2d23h
node-exporter-2ngvh              1/1     Running   0          138m
node-exporter-7xk4d              1/1     Running   0          138m
node-exporter-qcqnw              1/1     Running   0          138m
prometheus-759d85775b-cbgvz      1/1     Running   0          135m
[root@master k8s-prometheus-grafana]# 
[root@master k8s-prometheus-grafana]# kubectl get svc -n kube-system
NAME            TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE
grafana         NodePort    10.96.221.83    <none>        3000:32150/TCP           130m
kube-dns        ClusterIP   10.96.0.10      <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP   2d23h
node-exporter   NodePort    10.110.76.58    <none>        9100:31672/TCP           143m
prometheus      NodePort    10.103.153.35   <none>        9090:30003/TCP           135m

查询一下SVC，metrics--port=31672； prometheus--port=30003； grafana--port=32150

然后你的云主机对应有个公网IP

用公网IP+端口的形式访问

例如：

http://47.100.52.15:31672/metrics                        # metrics-node-exporter

http://47.100.52.15::30003/graph                         # prometheus

http://47.100.52.15:32150                                    # grafana

 

如果你有域名，做个nginx代理，例如：这样通过

grafana.xxxxx.com  来访问监控，就方便好看了。

root@wangting:/etc/nginx# vim nginx.conf

-------
server {
   listen       80;        #端口
   server_name  grafana.xxxxxx.com;   #服务名
   charset utf-8; # 避免中文乱码
   autoindex  on;
   location / {
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_pass http://172.19.xxx.xxx:32150;
             }
      }

-------