conda安装部署及使用介绍(Miniconda)

安装Miniconda

conda是一个开源的包、环境管理器，可以用于在同一个机器上安装不同Python版本的软件包及其依赖，并能够在不同的Python环境之间切换，Anaconda包括Conda、Python以及一大堆安装好的工具包，比如：numpy、pandas等，Miniconda包括Conda、Python。

下载Miniconda3最新版

wangting@ops04:/opt/software >wget https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh

安装Miniconda

wangting@ops04:/opt/software >bash Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
In order to continue the installation process, please review the license
agreement.
Please, press ENTER to continue	 # [是否继续] 回车
>>> 
Do you accept the license terms? [yes|no]
[no] >>> 
Please answer 'yes' or 'no':'	# [是否同意一些条款] yes
>>> yes


Miniconda3 will now be installed into this location:
/home/wangting/miniconda3

  - Press ENTER to confirm the location
  - Press CTRL-C to abort the installation
  - Or specify a different location below

[/home/wangting/miniconda3] >>> /opt/module/miniconda3	# [自定义安装路径 默认家目录]


Do you wish the installer to initialize Miniconda3
by running conda init? [yes|no]		# 运行conda初始化 yes
[no] >>> yes

Thank you for installing Miniconda3!	# 出现这条提示，即为安装完成

脚本运行过程中自动在用户家目录的bashrc环境文件中添加环境参数

__conda_setup="$('/opt/module/miniconda3/bin/conda' 'shell.bash' 'hook' 2> /dev/null)"
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    eval "$__conda_setup"
else
    if [ -f "/opt/module/miniconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh" ]; then
        . "/opt/module/miniconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh"
    else
        export PATH="/opt/module/miniconda3/bin:$PATH"
    fi
fi
unset __conda_setup

引用脚本修改的家目录的bashrc文件

wangting@ops04:/opt/module/miniconda3 >source ~/.bashrc
(base) wangting@ops04:/opt/module/miniconda3 >

退出base环境方式

(base) wangting@ops04:/opt/module/miniconda3 >conda deactivate

取消每次登陆激活base环境(每次登陆终端，采用命令行登陆环境)

Miniconda安装完成后，每次打开终端都会激活默认的base环境，通过以下命令，禁止自动激活默认base环境。

wangting@ops04:/opt/module/miniconda3 >conda config --set auto_activate_base false

配置conda国内镜像

wangting@ops04:/opt/module/miniconda3 >conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
wangting@ops04:/opt/module/miniconda3 >conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main
wangting@ops04:/opt/module/miniconda3 >conda config --set show_channel_urls yes

创建Python环境

创建Python3.6环境 --name(-n) 后面自定义虚拟环境的登陆名称 python=后面自定义python版本

wangting@ops04:/home/wangting >conda create --name superset python=3.6
Proceed ([y]/n)? y			# 等待创建完毕，过程中会下载安装包以及依赖

Executing transaction: done
#
# To activate this environment, use
#
#     $ conda activate superset
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use
#
#     $ conda deactivate
#看到上面的内容创建完成

【注意:】 如果在执行上面conda create创建时提示 WARNING: A newer version of conda exists.，那就update更新一下conda，成功安装无需update

wangting@ops04:/home/wangting >conda create --name superset python=3.6
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done
==> WARNING: A newer version of conda exists. <==
  current version: 4.7.12
  latest version: 4.10.1

Please update conda by running

    $ conda update -n base -c defaults conda

Segmentation fault (core dumped)
wangting@ops04:/home/wangting >conda update -n base -c defaults conda

conda环境管理常用命令

查看所有conda环境

wangting@ops04:/opt/module/miniconda3/pkgs >conda info --envs
# conda environments:
#
base                  *  /opt/module/miniconda3
superset                 /opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset

激活登陆对应conda环境

wangting@ops04:/opt/module/miniconda3/pkgs >conda activate superset
(superset) wangting@ops04:/opt/module/miniconda3/pkgs >
(superset) wangting@ops04:/opt/module/miniconda3/pkgs >python --version
Python 3.6.13 :: Anaconda, Inc.

退出当前conda环境

(superset) wangting@ops04:/opt/module/miniconda3/pkgs >conda deactivate
wangting@ops04:/opt/module/miniconda3/pkgs >

验证功能

# 再次登录
wangting@ops04:/opt/module/miniconda3/pkgs >conda activate superset
(superset) wangting@ops04:/opt/module/miniconda3/pkgs >
# 登录conda的python命令行
(superset) wangting@ops04:/opt/module/miniconda3/pkgs >python
Python 3.6.13 |Anaconda, Inc.| (default, Jun  4 2021, 14:25:59) 
[GCC 7.5.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()
# 在conda中使用pip命令安装模块 -i指定资源地址，默认是官方地址；验证pip
(superset) wangting@ops04:/opt/module/miniconda3/pkgs >pip install gunicorn -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple/
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.douban.com/simple/
Collecting gunicorn
  Downloading https://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/e4/dd/5b190393e6066286773a67dfcc2f9492058e9b57c4867a95f1ba5caf0a83/gunicorn-20.1.0-py3-none-any.whl (79 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 79 kB 2.3 MB/s 
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=3.0 in /opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from gunicorn) (52.0.0.post20210125)
Installing collected packages: gunicorn
Successfully installed gunicorn-20.1.0
(superset) wangting@ops04:/opt/module/miniconda3/pkgs >

再添加一个conda环境 --name可以简写-n；不指定python版本时，默认是2.7

# 流程和上面加superset的conda环境一样
wangting@ops04:/opt/module/miniconda3/pkgs >conda create -n wangting python=3.6
wangting@ops04:/opt/module/miniconda3/pkgs >
wangting@ops04:/opt/module/miniconda3/pkgs >conda info --envs
# conda environments:
#
base                  *  /opt/module/miniconda3
superset                 /opt/module/miniconda3/envs/superset
wangting				 /opt/module/miniconda3/envs/wangting

wangting@ops04:/opt/module/miniconda3/pkgs >conda activate wangting
(wangting) wangting@ops04:/opt/module/miniconda3/pkgs >