一个串口程序示例

以下是我初学串口写的一个串口程序示例，内有详细注释

BOOL CMyTestCommDlg::OnInitDialog()
... {
    CDialog::OnInitDialog();

    // TODO: Add extra initialization here
    DCB dcb;
    DWORD dwError;
    COMMTIMEOUTS CommTimeOuts;
    hCom=CreateFile("COM1",GENERIC_READ|GENERIC_WRITE,0,NULL,OPEN_EXISTING,FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL|FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,NULL);//打开串口
    if(hCom==(HANDLE)0xFFFFFFFF)//INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE==0xFFFFFFFF
    ...{
        dwError=GetLastError();
        ATLTRACE("打开串口：dwError=%d ",dwError);
        return FALSE;
    }
    SetupComm(hCom,1024,512);//设置输入、输出缓冲区大小
    PurgeComm(hCom,PURGE_TXABORT|PURGE_RXABORT|PURGE_TXCLEAR|PURGE_RXCLEAR );//中止后台读写操作，清空发送、接收缓冲区
    CommTimeOuts.ReadIntervalTimeout=20;//设置超时参数
    CommTimeOuts.ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier=10;
    CommTimeOuts.ReadTotalTimeoutConstant=100;
    CommTimeOuts.WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier=10;
    CommTimeOuts.WriteTotalTimeoutConstant=100;
    if(!SetCommTimeouts(hCom,&CommTimeOuts))
    ...{
        dwError=GetLastError();
        ATLTRACE("超时：dwError=%d ",dwError);
    }

    GetCommState(hCom,&dcb);//获取串口参数
    dcb.BaudRate=9600;
    dcb.Parity=NOPARITY;
    dcb.ByteSize=8;
    dcb.StopBits=1;
    SetCommMask(hCom,EV_ERR|EV_RXCHAR);//设置事件掩码
    SetCommState(hCom,&dcb);//设置串口参数
    
    memset(&osRead,0,sizeof(OVERLAPPED));
    osRead.Offset=0;
    osRead.OffsetHigh=0;
    osRead.hEvent=CreateEvent(NULL,TRUE,FALSE,NULL);

    AfxBeginThread((AFX_THREADPROC)CommWatchProc,(LPVOID)this);//创建事件监控线程
    return TRUE;  // return TRUE  unless you set the focus to a control
}

void  CMyTestCommDlg::OnBnClickedButtonSend()
... {
    // TODO: 在此添加控件通知处理程序代码
    UpdateData(true);
    DWORD wCount = 0;
    PurgeComm(hCom,PURGE_TXABORT|PURGE_RXABORT|PURGE_TXCLEAR|PURGE_RXCLEAR);
    BOOL bwritestate=WriteFile(hCom, m_sendstr.GetBuffer(0), m_sendstr.GetLength(), &wCount, NULL);//&overlapped);//发送数据
    if(!bwritestate||m_sendstr.GetLength()!=wCount)
    ...{
        MessageBox("error:数据发送失败！");
        return;
    }
    MessageBox("数据发送成功！");
}

UINT CommWatchProc(LPVOID pParam) 
... {
    ATLTRACE("thread start ");
    DWORD dwEventMask;//=0;
    CMyTestCommDlg* tempcom=(CMyTestCommDlg*)pParam;
    SetCommMask(hCom,EV_ERR|EV_RXCHAR|EV_TXEMPTY|EV_RXFLAG);//设置事件掩码
    PurgeComm(hCom,PURGE_TXABORT|PURGE_RXABORT|PURGE_TXCLEAR|PURGE_RXCLEAR );
    LPOVERLAPPED os=&osRead;
    OVERLAPPED olRead=osRead;//注意：等待事件和读写时的异步标志参数标志都是返回的，不要混用，因为可能不同值
    
    int count1=0;//限制循环次数
    DWORD count;
    
    while(count1<5000)
    ...{
        count1++;
        ATLTRACE("***%d***: ",count1);
        BOOL statetem=0;
        //SetCommMask(hCom,EV_ERR|EV_RXCHAR|EV_TXEMPTY|EV_RXFLAG);
        if(!(statetem=WaitCommEvent(hCom,&dwEventMask,os)))
        ...{
            DWORD error=GetLastError();
            ATLTRACE("error1=%d ",error);
            if(error==ERROR_IO_PENDING)//异步I/O操作进行中
            ...{
                GetOverlappedResult(hCom,os,&count,TRUE);//参数4为true表示等待标志，异步操作完成才返回
                ATLTRACE("GetOverlappedResult:123456  count=%d ",count);
            }
            else 
                continue;
        }
        if(dwEventMask == 0)
            continue;
        ...{
            if ((dwEventMask&EV_RXCHAR)==EV_RXCHAR)//接收事件
            ...{
                COMSTAT comstat;
                DWORD dwLength;
                DWORD dwErrorFlags;
                ClearCommError(hCom,&dwErrorFlags,&comstat);//获取缓冲区字符长度
                dwLength=comstat.cbInQue;
                if(dwLength>0)
                ...{
                    BOOL fReadStat;
                    char str[512]="";
                    DWORD count;
                    DWORD dwBytesRead,dwBytetoRead=100;
                    dwBytesRead=(dwLength<dwBytetoRead)?dwLength:dwBytetoRead;//比较缓冲区字符长度与可以读的字符长度，得到要求读字符长度
                    ATLTRACE("比较：dwLength=%d  dwBytetoRead=%d => dwBytesRead=%d ",dwLength,dwBytetoRead,dwBytesRead);
                    fReadStat = ReadFile(hCom,&str,dwBytesRead,&count,&olRead);//读缓冲区数据
                    if(fReadStat==FALSE)//读写失败则
                    ...{
                        if(GetLastError() != ERROR_IO_PENDING)
                        ...{
                            continue;
                        }
                        if(GetOverlappedResult(hCom,&olRead,&count,TRUE) == FALSE)//??
                        ...{
                            str[count]=0;
                        }
                        if(count == 0)
                        ...{
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
                        
                    str[count]=0;//置字符串以结束字符标志
                    ATLTRACE("str=%s, count=%d, fReadStat=%d, ",str,count,fReadStat);
                    if(count>0)
                        ::PostMessage(tempcom->m_hWnd,COM_RECVDATA,(WPARAM) str,count);//接收到字符事件后，可以将此消息登记到由pParam指定的窗口类中进行处理 
                }
            }
            if((dwEventMask&EV_ERR)==EV_ERR)//出错事件
            ...{
                DWORD error=GetLastError();
                //ATLTRACE("EV_ERR:error=%d ",error);//发生错误时的处理 
            }
        }
        ATLTRACE("***一次事件结束*** ");
    }
    return 0;
}

LRESULT CMyTestCommDlg::OnRecvData(WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
... {
    char str[201];
    CString recvStr((char *)wParam);
    m_receivestr+=recvStr+"-- ";//+"-- ";
ATLTRACE("m_receivestr=%s ",m_receivestr);
    SetDlgItemText(IDC_RECE,m_receivestr);
    return TRUE;

}
void  CMyTestCommDlg::OnClose()
... {
    // TODO: 在此添加消息处理程序代码和/或调用默认值
    CloseComm();
    CDialog::OnClose();
}

void  CMyTestCommDlg::CloseComm()
... {
    SetCommMask(hCom,0);//结束WaitCommEvent的等待，即停止事件监控
 PurgeComm(hCom,PURGE_TXABORT|PURGE_RXABORT|PURGE_TXCLEAR|PURGE_RXCLEAR);//中止后台读写操作，清空发送、接收缓冲区
    CloseHandle(hCom);//关闭句柄
}