某37毫米高炮榴弹的外弹道优化设计

要求：

      （1）模型：

      （2）设计变量：

      （3） 约束条件：

      （4） 已知条件

      （5）初始化：

 

1.优化模型建立

由题目要求可以得到优化函数为 ：

约束条件：

优化模型的输入参数：

优化模型的输出参数：

其中，为最小的飞行时间，、、、分别为最小飞行时间下的弹丸参数 。

2.优化设计方法

2.1 优化目标函数

       考虑到此优化模型中的优化函数有约束条件，故采用罚函数方法构造目标函数。罚函数的构造思想是将约束优化问题转变为无约束问题来求解，在原优化函数的基础上加上惩罚项，使得在参数越界时，目标函数的值变得非常大，不会在边界外产生最小值。故此优化目标函数为：

2.2 外弹道求解模块

       在外弹道求解模块中使用了铅垂平面内的质点弹道模型，气象参数使用炮兵标准气象：

 

其中：

        重力加速度标准分布: 

        虚温标准分布 :

        气压标准分布 :

        密度标准分布 :

        声速计算 :

       马赫数计算 :

       参数分布： 

        使用龙格库塔数值积分计算外弹道诸元，当飞行弧长为4000m时停止计算，输出飞行时间,并且求得最小时间。 

2.3 粒子群优化模块

       在多参数的优化问题中，直接求解会比较困难，而且计算量特别大，所以需要采用一些适应性和收敛性的优化方法来进行求解。目前常用的方法有坐标轮换法、模式搜索法、Powell方法和近些年来一些新兴的智能算法。本问题求解中使用的是粒子群算法，粒子群算法具有迭代格式简单，可快速收敛到最优解等特点，应用比较广泛。

       粒子群算法的优势在于简单，无需梯度计算，参数少，通过事先在域中随机散布一些粒子，并将粒子赋予记忆功能，不断趋近于最优解，最终所有粒子收敛于最优解，粒子群算法的主要式子如下：

其中：

        查阅相关文献，参数取值如下 ：

3.优化设计的程序框图 

4.优化设计的程序实现 

图为该弹道优化设计的主界面图，通过程序内输入的模型及其参数进行迭代计算，可以解算出优化弹道后的最小时间以及相应值，界面内坐标轴展示的是最小时间与迭代次数的关系。可以通过多次计算来得到最终相对精确的解。

 5.优化结果

       通过MATLAB计算，得到最小时间与迭代次数之间的计算结果如图所示，此计算结果中迭代次数为20左右时计算结果趋于稳定，所以选择的迭代次数30是可以满足计算结果的。通过分析六次的计算结果可以得到最终最小时间收敛于3.0660s左右。

       以第一次计算结果为基数，后面的计算结果所产生的误差分别为0.0727%、-0.0088%、-0.0055%、0.0248%、-0.0130%，误差相对比较小，所以最终的优化结果还是比较理想的。 

7.部分代码

function varargout = untitled123(varargin)

% UNTITLED123 MATLAB code for untitled123.fig

%      UNTITLED123, by itself, creates a new UNTITLED123 or raises the existing

%      singleton*.

%

%      H = UNTITLED123 returns the handle to a new UNTITLED123 or the handle to

%      the existing singleton*.

%

%      UNTITLED123('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local

%      function named CALLBACK in UNTITLED123.M with the given input arguments.

%

%      UNTITLED123('Property','Value',...) creates a new UNTITLED123 or raises the

%      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are

%      applied to the GUI before untitled123_OpeningFcn gets called.  An

%      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application

%      stop.  All inputs are passed to untitled123_OpeningFcn via varargin.

%

%      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one

%      instance to run (singleton)".

%

% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES

% Edit the above text to modify the response to help untitled123

% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 09-Jan-2020 12:55:29

% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT

gui_Singleton = 1;

gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...

                   'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...

                   'gui_OpeningFcn', @untitled123_OpeningFcn, ...

                   'gui_OutputFcn',  @untitled123_OutputFcn, ...

                   'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...

                   'gui_Callback',   []);

if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})

    gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});

end

if nargout

    [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});

else

    gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});

end

% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT

% --- Executes just before untitled123 is made visible.

function untitled123_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)

% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.

% hObject    handle to figure

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% varargin   command line arguments to untitled123 (see VARARGIN)

% Choose default command line output for untitled123

handles.output = hObject;

% Update handles structure

guidata(hObject, handles);

% UIWAIT makes untitled123 wait for user response (see UIRESUME)

% uiwait(handles.figure1);

% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.

function varargout = untitled123_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);

% hObject    handle to figure

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Get default command line output from handles structure

varargout{1} = handles.output;

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.

function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

%clc;clear;close all;

tic

%% 维数与粒子个数限定

m = 4;       %维度

n = 25;      %粒子个数

%% 范围值限定

Xlimit = [0.5,0,0,0;3,5,5,5];     %分别是m，Lambda_n，Lambda_b，Lambda_c的上下限定值

vlimit = [-0.25,-0.5,-0.5,-0.5;0.25,0.5,0.5,0.5]; %分别是m，Lambda_n，Lambda_b，Lambda_c对应粒子速度的上下限定值

%% 计算

[v,X,PYbest,PY_Xbest,GY_Xbest,GYbest] = Initial(Xlimit,vlimit,m,n);         %初值初始化

[best,tbest,P] = PSO(v,X,PYbest,PY_Xbest,GY_Xbest,GYbest,Xlimit,vlimit,m,n);%粒子群计算

toc

set(handles.edit1,'string',tbest);

set(handles.edit2,'string',best(1,1));

set(handles.edit3,'string',best(1,2));

set(handles.edit4,'string',best(1,3));

set(handles.edit5,'string',best(1,4));

plot(handles.axes1,P(1,:),P(2,:));

%% 已知弹道计算

% S = [sqrt(275000 * 2 / 0.60),1.13,0,0,0];

% for j = 1:2000

%     S = Runge_Kutta(S,[0.60,2.50,0.70,1.8]);

% end

% disp(S(5))

function edit1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to edit1 (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit1 as text

%        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit1 as a double

% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.

function edit1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to edit1 (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called

% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.

%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.

if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))

    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');

end

function edit2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to edit2 (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit2 as text

%        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit2 as a double

% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.

function edit2_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to edit2 (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns calle

% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.

%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.

if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))

    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');

end

function edit3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to edit3 (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit3 as text

%        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit3 as a double

% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.

function edit3_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to edit3 (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called

% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.

%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.

if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))

    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');

end