Python “编辑距离”(Levenshtein distance)函数的比较

本文搜集了网上比较常用的几种计算Levenshtein distance的函数，

其中函数(1)为调用数学工具包Numpy， 函数(2)和(1)算法类似，都是采用DP, (3)来自wiki(4)是直接调用python的第三方库Levenshtein

源码和结果如下：

import time
from functools import wraps
import cProfile
import numpy
import Levenshtein


def fn_timer(function):
    @wraps(function)
    def function_timer(*args, **kwargs):
        t0 = time.time()
        result = function(*args, **kwargs)
        t1 = time.time()
        print ("Total time running %s: %s seconds" %
                (function.func_name, str(t1-t0))
                )
        return result
    return function_timer


def levenshtein1(source, target):
    if len(source) < len(target):
        return levenshtein1(target, source)
 
    # So now we have len(source) >= len(target).
    if len(target) == 0:
        return len(source)
 
    # We call tuple() to force strings to be used as sequences
    # ('c', 'a', 't', 's') - numpy uses them as values by default.
    source = numpy.array(tuple(source))
    target = numpy.array(tuple(target))
 
    # We use a dynamic programming algorithm, but with the
    # added optimization that we only need the last two rows
    # of the matrix.
    previous_row = numpy.arange(target.size + 1)
    for s in source:
        # Insertion (target grows longer than source):
        current_row = previous_row + 1
 
        # Substitution or matching:
        # Target and source items are aligned, and either
        # are different (cost of 1), or are the same (cost of 0).
        current_row[1:] = numpy.minimum(
                current_row[1:],
                numpy.add(previous_row[:-1], target != s))
 
        # Deletion (target grows shorter than source):
        current_row[1:] = numpy.minimum(
                current_row[1:],
                current_row[0:-1] + 1)
 
        previous_row = current_row
 
    return previous_row[-1]


def levenshtein2(s1, s2):
    if len(s1) < len(s2):
        return levenshtein2(s2, s1)
 
    # len(s1) >= len(s2)
    if len(s2) == 0:
        return len(s1)
 
    previous_row = range(len(s2) + 1)
    for i, c1 in enumerate(s1):
        current_row = [i + 1]
        for j, c2 in enumerate(s2):
            insertions = previous_row[j + 1] + 1 # j+1 instead of j since previous_row and current_row are one character longer
            deletions = current_row[j] + 1       # than s2
            substitutions = previous_row[j] + (c1 != c2)
            current_row.append(min(insertions, deletions, substitutions))
        previous_row = current_row
 
    return previous_row[-1]


def levenshtein3(s, t):
        ''' From Wikipedia article; Iterative with two matrix rows. '''
        if s == t: return 0
        elif len(s) == 0: return len(t)
        elif len(t) == 0: return len(s)
        v0 = [None] * (len(t) + 1)
        v1 = [None] * (len(t) + 1)
        for i in range(len(v0)):
            v0[i] = i
        for i in range(len(s)):
            v1[0] = i + 1
            for j in range(len(t)):
                cost = 0 if s[i] == t[j] else 1
                v1[j + 1] = min(v1[j] + 1, v0[j + 1] + 1, v0[j] + cost)
            for j in range(len(v0)):
                v0[j] = v1[j]
 
        return v1[len(t)]

@fn_timer
def calllevenshtein1(s,t,n):
    for i in range(n):
        levenshtein3(s,t)

@fn_timer
def calllevenshtein2(s,t,n):
    for i in range(n):
        levenshtein3(s,t)

@fn_timer
def calllevenshtein3(s,t,n):
    for i in range(n):
        levenshtein3(s,t)

@fn_timer
def calllevenshtein4(s,t,n):
    for i in range(n):
        Levenshtein.distance(s,t)
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    n = 50000
    a = 'abddcdefdgbd22svb'
    b = 'bcdefg34rdyvdfsd'
    calllevenshtein1(a, b, n)
    calllevenshtein2(a, b, n)
    calllevenshtein3(a, b, n)
    calllevenshtein4(a, b, n)

结果：

Total time running calllevenshtein1: 16.0750000477 seconds
Total time running calllevenshtein2: 16.4990000725 seconds
Total time running calllevenshtein3: 16.2939999104 seconds
Total time running calllevenshtein4: 0.0629999637604 seconds

从结果来看，调用python第三方包效率最高，原因是其内部调用c库，优化了算法结构