Protobuf（二）proto3语法格式

.proto文件有两种语法标准：proto2和proto3，我们以proto3为例，其语法格式如下：

message  <message_name> {
  <filed_rule>  <filed_type> <filed_name> = <field_number> 
       规则          类型          名称           编号  
}

• message_name: 同一个pkg内，必须唯一
• filed_rule: 可以没有, 常用的有repeated, oneof
• filed_type: 数据类型, protobuf定义的数据类型, 生产代码的会映射成对应语言的数据类型
• filed_name: 字段名称, 同一个message 内必须唯一
• field_number: 字段的编号, 序列化成二进制数据时的字段编号

2.1.1、字段规则
 

2.1.2、字段类型

基础类型

参考官方文档（Language Guide (proto3)  |  Protocol Buffers  |  Google Developers），我这里只保留了我常用编程语言的字段类型

.proto Type	Notes	C++ Type	Python Type[3]	C# Type
double		double	float	double
float		float	float	float
int32	Uses variable-length encoding. Inefficient for encoding negative numbers – if your field is likely to have negative values, use sint32 instead.	int32	int	int
int64	Uses variable-length encoding. Inefficient for encoding negative numbers – if your field is likely to have negative values, use sint64 instead.	int64	int/long[4]	long
uint32	Uses variable-length encoding.	uint32	int/long[4]	uint
uint64	Uses variable-length encoding.	uint64	int/long[4]	ulong
sint32	Uses variable-length encoding. Signed int value. These more efficiently encode negative numbers than regular int32s.	int32	int	int
sint64	Uses variable-length encoding. Signed int value. These more efficiently encode negative numbers than regular int64s.	int64	int/long[4]	long
fixed32	Always four bytes. More efficient than uint32 if values are often greater than 228.	uint32	int/long[4]	uint
fixed64	Always eight bytes. More efficient than uint64 if values are often greater than 256.	uint64	int/long[4]	ulong
sfixed32	Always four bytes.	int32	int	int
sfixed64	Always eight bytes.	int64	int/long[4]	long
bool		bool	bool	bool
string	A string must always contain UTF-8 encoded or 7-bit ASCII text, and cannot be longer than 232.	string	str/unicode[5]	string
bytes	May contain any arbitrary sequence of bytes no longer than 232.	string	str (Python 2) bytes (Python 3)	ByteString

枚举类型

语法如下：

enum <enum_name> {
    <element_name> = <element_number>
}

• enum_name: 枚举名称
• element_name: pkg内全局唯一, 很重要
• element_number: 必须从0开始, 0表示类型的默认值, 32-bit integer

如下示例，Corpus就是我们定义的一个枚举类型。

message SearchRequest {
  string query = 1;
  int32 page_number = 2;
  int32 result_per_page = 3;
  enum Corpus {
    UNIVERSAL = 0;
    WEB = 1;
    IMAGES = 2;
    LOCAL = 3;
    NEWS = 4;
    PRODUCTS = 5;
    VIDEO = 6;
  }
  Corpus corpus = 4;
}

如果需要将不同的枚举常量映射到相同的值。将allow_alias选项设置为true即可。（最好不要这么使用）

message MyMessage1 {
  enum EnumAllowingAlias {
    option allow_alias = true;
    UNKNOWN = 0;
    STARTED = 1;
    RUNNING = 1;
  }
}
message MyMessage2 {
  enum EnumNotAllowingAlias {
    UNKNOWN = 0;
    STARTED = 1;
    // RUNNING = 1;  // Uncommenting this line will cause a compile error inside Google and a warning message outside.
  }
}

2.1.3、字段编号
 

2.1.4、综合示例