C++ 类继承，静态变量，虚函数应用之统计动物数量

这是一道非常经典的练习题，涉及继承，静态变量，虚函数，友元的使用，统计动物数量

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// 在此处补充你的代码
class Animal
{
protected:
	static int number;
public:
	Animal() {}
	virtual ~Animal() {}
	friend void print();
}; int Animal::number = 0;

class Dog : public Animal 
{
private:
	static int number;
public:
	Dog()
	{
		Animal::number++;
		number++;
	}
	~Dog()
	{
		Animal::number--;
		number--;
	}
	friend void print();

}; int Dog::number = 0;

class Cat: public Animal
{
private:
	static int number;
public:
	Cat()
	{
		Animal::number++;
		number++;
	}
	~Cat()
	{
		Animal::number--;
		number--;
	}
	friend void print();
}; int Cat::number = 0;
void print() {
	cout << Animal::number << " animals in the zoo, " << Dog::number << " of them are dogs, " << Cat::number << " of them are cats" << endl;
}

int main() {
	print();
	Dog d1, d2;
	Cat c1;
	print();
	Dog* d3 = new Dog();
	Animal* c2 = new Cat;
	Cat* c3 = new Cat;
	print();
	delete c3;
	delete c2;
	delete d3;
	print();
}