基于Rasa框架搭建中文机器人对话系统

        Rasa是一个能用于构建机器人对话系统的框架，基于Rasa框架搭建机器人对话系统，可以使用于工业各类语音智能服务场景，如：远程医疗问诊、智能客户服务、保险产品销售、金融催收服务、手机智能助手等领域。支持基于规则、填槽和机器学习来构建对话系统。主要模块包括：NLU（意图识别和实体提取）和Core（基于模型及规则进行回复）。提供了搭建对话系统的脚手架。

常用命令有：

        rasa init 创建项目

        rasa train 训练NLU和Core模型

        rasa run actions 启动动作服务（主要是自己写的动作，系统默认的动作，不需要单独启动）

        rasa shell 启动对话机器人 （会自动启动默认动作服务）

涉及配置文件有：

        config.yml 即对NLU和Core模型的配置

# Configuration for Rasa NLU.
# https://rasa.com/docs/rasa/nlu/components/
language: zh

pipeline:
# # No configuration for the NLU pipeline was provided. The following default pipeline was used to train your model.
# # If you'd like to customize it, uncomment and adjust the pipeline.
# # See https://rasa.com/docs/rasa/tuning-your-model for more information.
#   - name: WhitespaceTokenizer
   - name: JiebaTokenizer #支持中文
   - name: RegexFeaturizer
   - name: LexicalSyntacticFeaturizer
   - name: CountVectorsFeaturizer
   - name: CountVectorsFeaturizer
     analyzer: char_wb
     min_ngram: 1
     max_ngram: 4
   - name: DIETClassifier
     epochs: 100
     constrain_similarities: true
   - name: EntitySynonymMapper
   - name: ResponseSelector
     epochs: 100
     constrain_similarities: true
   - name: FallbackClassifier
     threshold: 0.3
     ambiguity_threshold: 0.1

# Configuration for Rasa Core.
# https://rasa.com/docs/rasa/core/policies/
policies:
# # No configuration for policies was provided. The following default policies were used to train your model.
# # If you'd like to customize them, uncomment and adjust the policies.
# # See https://rasa.com/docs/rasa/policies for more information.
   - name: MemoizationPolicy
   - name: TEDPolicy
     max_history: 5
     epochs: 100
     constrain_similarities: true
   - name: RulePolicy

domain.yml 领域配置

version: '2.0'
config:
  store_entities_as_slots: true
session_config:
  session_expiration_time: 60
  carry_over_slots_to_new_session: true
intents:
- greet:
    use_entities: true
- deny:
    use_entities: true
- request_names:
    use_entities: true
- goodbye:
    use_entities: true
- affirm:
    use_entities: true
- mood_great:
    use_entities: true
- mood_unhappy:
    use_entities: true
- bot_challenge:
    use_entities: true
entities: []
slots:
  first_name:
    type: rasa.shared.core.slots.TextSlot
    initial_value: null
    auto_fill: true
    influence_conversation: true
  last_name:
    type: rasa.shared.core.slots.TextSlot
    initial_value: null
    auto_fill: true
    influence_conversation: true
  name_spelled_correctly:
    type: rasa.shared.core.slots.BooleanSlot
    initial_value: null
    auto_fill: true
    influence_conversation: true
  requested_slot:
    type: rasa.shared.core.slots.UnfeaturizedSlot
    initial_value: null
    auto_fill: true
    influence_conversation: false
responses:
  utter_greet:
  - text: 嗨，你好吗?
  utter_cheer_up:
  - image: https://i.imgur.com/nGF1K8f.jpg
    text: '这是某些使你嗨起来的东西:'
  utter_did_that_help:
  - text: 这对你有帮助吗?
  utter_happy:
  - text: 好极了，继续!
  utter_goodbye:
  - text: 再见
  utter_iamabot:
  - text: 我是个机器人，由Rasa框架提供支持.
  utter_ask_first_name:
  - text: 你贵姓?
  utter_ask_last_name:
  - text: 你的名字?
  utter_ask_name_spelled_correctly:
  - buttons:
    - payload: /affirm
      title: 是
    - payload: /deny
      title: 否
    text:  姓 {first_name} 拼写对了吗?
  utter_submit:
  - text: 好的，谢谢！
  utter_slots_values:
  - text: 我记住你了， {first_name} {last_name}!
actions:
- utter_greet
- utter_slots_values
- utter_submit
- validate_name_form
forms:
  name_form:
    first_name:
    - type: from_text
    last_name:
    - type: from_text
e2e_actions: []

credentials.yml 证书配置，用于调用语音通道的接口

# This file contains the credentials for the voice & chat platforms
# which your bot is using.
# https://rasa.com/docs/rasa/messaging-and-voice-channels

rest:
#  # you don't need to provide anything here - this channel doesn't
#  # require any credentials


#facebook:
#  verify: "<verify>"
#  secret: "<your secret>"
#  page-access-token: "<your page access token>"

#slack:
#  slack_token: "<your slack token>"
#  slack_channel: "<the slack channel>"
#  slack_signing_secret: "<your slack signing secret>"

#socketio:
#  user_message_evt: <event name for user message>
#  bot_message_evt: <event name for bot messages>
#  session_persistence: <true/false>

#mattermost:
#  url: "https://<mattermost instance>/api/v4"
#  token: "<bot token>"
#  webhook_url: "<callback URL>"

# This entry is needed if you are using Rasa X. The entry represents credentials
# for the Rasa X "channel", i.e. Talk to your bot and Share with guest testers.
rasa:
  url: "http://localhost:5002/api"

endpoints.yml 端点配置，如:机器人要使用的模型、动作、存储服务等。

# This file contains the different endpoints your bot can use.

# Server where the models are pulled from.
# https://rasa.com/docs/rasa/model-storage#fetching-models-from-a-server

#models:
#  url: http://my-server.com/models/default_core@latest
#  wait_time_between_pulls:  10   # [optional](default: 100)

# Server which runs your custom actions.
# https://rasa.com/docs/rasa/custom-actions

#action_endpoint:
#  url: "http://localhost:5055/webhook"
action_endpoint:
    url: "http://localhost:5055/webhook"

# Tracker store which is used to store the conversations.
# By default the conversations are stored in memory.
# https://rasa.com/docs/rasa/tracker-stores

#tracker_store:
#    type: redis
#    url: <host of the redis instance, e.g. localhost>
#    port: <port of your redis instance, usually 6379>
#    db: <number of your database within redis, e.g. 0>
#    password: <password used for authentication>
#    use_ssl: <whether or not the communication is encrypted, default false>

#tracker_store:
#    type: mongod
#    url: <url to your mongo instance, e.g. mongodb://localhost:27017>
#    db: <name of the db within your mongo instance, e.g. rasa>
#    username: <username used for authentication>
#    password: <password used for authentication>
tracker_store:
  type: SQL
  dialect: sqlite
  db: trackers.db

# Event broker which all conversation events should be streamed to.
# https://rasa.com/docs/rasa/event-brokers

#event_broker:
#  url: localhost
#  username: username
#  password: password
#  queue: queue
event_broker:
  type: SQL
  dialect: sqlite
  db: events.db

names.txt 本案例使用的姓名列表。

孙悟空
猪八戒
唐三藏
沙悟净
诸葛青云

数据，主要包括：

nlu.yml 用于训练nlu模型的训练数据

version: "2.0"
nlu:
- intent: greet
  examples: |
    - 你好
    - 上午好
    - 中午好
    - 嗨
- intent: goodbye
  examples: |
    - 再见
    - 回头见
    - 晚安
- intent: affirm
  examples: |
    - 是的
    - 有
    - 当然
    - 听上去不错
- intent: deny
  examples: |
    - 不
    - 不要
    - 没有
    - 没有
    - 我不喜欢
- intent: mood_great
  examples: |
    - 太好了
    - 感觉不错
    - 非常好
- intent: mood_unhappy
  examples: |
    - 不开心
    - 感到沮丧
    - 不高兴
    - 不太好
- intent: bot_challenge
  examples: |
    - 你是个机器人吗?
    - 你是人类吗?
    - 我是在和机器人讲话吗?
    - 我是在和人类讲话吗?
- intent: request_names
  examples: |
    - 我想告诉你姓名
    - 你知道我的姓名吗？
- lookup: names
  examples: |
    - 猪八戒
    - 孙悟空
    - 沙悟净
    - 唐三藏

rules.yml 规则，根据用户意图，进行具体的动作（包括查询、填槽、回复等）

version: "2.0"

rules:

- rule: Say goodbye anytime the user says goodbye
  steps:
  - intent: goodbye
  - action: utter_goodbye

- rule: Say 'I am a bot' anytime the user challenges
  steps:
  - intent: bot_challenge
  - action: utter_iamabot

- rule: Activate form
  steps:
  - intent: request_names
  - action: name_form
  - active_loop: name_form

- rule: Submit form
  condition:
  - active_loop: name_form
  steps:
  - action: name_form
  - active_loop: null
  - slot_was_set:
    - requested_slot: null
  - action: utter_submit
  - action: utter_slots_values

stories.yml 故事情节，描述对话的流程

version: "2.0"

stories:

- story: happy path
  steps:
  - intent: greet
  - action: utter_greet
  - intent: mood_great
  - action: utter_happy

- story: sad path 1
  steps:
  - intent: greet
  - action: utter_greet
  - intent: mood_unhappy
  - action: utter_cheer_up
  - action: utter_did_that_help
  - intent: affirm
  - action: utter_happy

- story: sad path 2
  steps:
  - intent: greet
  - action: utter_greet
  - intent: mood_unhappy
  - action: utter_cheer_up
  - action: utter_did_that_help
  - intent: deny
  - action: utter_goodbye

- story: interactive_story_1
  steps:
  - intent: greet
  - action: utter_greet
  - intent: request_names
  - action: name_form
  - active_loop: name_form
  - slot_was_set:
    - requested_slot: first_name
  - slot_was_set:
    - name_spelled_correctly: None
  - slot_was_set:
    - first_name: None
  - slot_was_set:
    - requested_slot: last_name
  - slot_was_set:
    - name_spelled_correctly: None
  - slot_was_set:
    - last_name: None
  - slot_was_set:
    - requested_slot: null
  - active_loop: null
  - action: utter_submit
  - action: utter_slots_values

下面举例创建mybot的过程：

1、使用rasa init 创建mybot项目，目录结果如下：

        涉及的配置文件在上文已经逐一列出，下面看看自定义的action是如何写的，主要完成了输入验证的过程，默认的action是以utter_打头，系统默认支持。

        actions.py

import yaml 
import pathlib 
from typing import Text, List, Any, Dict, Optional

from rasa_sdk import Tracker, FormValidationAction
from rasa_sdk.executor import CollectingDispatcher
from rasa_sdk.types import DomainDict

names = pathlib.Path("names.txt").read_text().split("\n")


class ValidateNameForm(FormValidationAction):
    def name(self) -> Text:
        return "validate_name_form"
    
    async def required_slots(
        self,
        slots_mapped_in_domain: List[Text],
        dispatcher: "CollectingDispatcher",
        tracker: "Tracker",
        domain: "DomainDict",
    ) -> Optional[List[Text]]:
        first_name = tracker.slots.get("first_name")
        if first_name is not None:
            if first_name not in names:
                return ["name_spelled_correctly"] + slots_mapped_in_domain
        return slots_mapped_in_domain
    
    async def extract_name_spelled_correctly(
        self, dispatcher: CollectingDispatcher, tracker: Tracker, domain: Dict
    ) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
        intent = tracker.get_intent_of_latest_message()
        return {"name_spelled_correctly": intent == "affirm"}

    def validate_name_spelled_correctly(
        self,
        slot_value: Any,
        dispatcher: CollectingDispatcher,
        tracker: Tracker,
        domain: DomainDict,
    ) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
        """Validate `first_name` value."""
        if tracker.get_slot("name_spelled_correctly"):
            return {"first_name": tracker.get_slot("first_name"), "name_spelled_correctly": True}
        return {"first_name": None, "name_spelled_correctly": None}
        
    def validate_first_name(
        self,
        slot_value: Any,
        dispatcher: CollectingDispatcher,
        tracker: Tracker,
        domain: DomainDict,
    ) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
        """Validate `first_name` value."""

        # If the name is super short, it might be wrong.
        print(f"姓 = {slot_value} 长度 = {len(slot_value)}")
        if len(slot_value) <=1:
            dispatcher.utter_message(text=f"姓太短了，你确定拼写对了？")
            return {"first_name": None}
        else:
            return {"first_name": slot_value}

    def validate_last_name(
        self,
        slot_value: Any,
        dispatcher: CollectingDispatcher,
        tracker: Tracker,
        domain: DomainDict,
    ) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
        """Validate `last_name` value."""

        # If the name is super short, it might be wrong.
        print(f"名字 = {slot_value} 长度 = {len(slot_value)}")
        if len(slot_value) <= 1:
            dispatcher.utter_message(text=f"名字太短了，你确定拼写对了？")
            return {"last_name": None}
        else:
            return {"last_name": slot_value}

2、启动自动定义的actions服务：

3、训练NLU和Core模型：

 4、启动机器人进行对话

分期业务效果： 

 

 

 

         实际尝试：可以自动完成正常的分期业务流程，中间可以穿插其它的对话内容，如：分期时间长、手续费太贵、担心被套路等。