Linux基础学习-RPM

1. RPM简介

rpm命令的全称是Red Hat Package Manager(Red Hat包管理器),几乎所有的Linux发行版本都使用了这种形式的命令管理、安装、更新和卸载软件。

2. 常用软件安装工具

1. RPM redhat centos 
2. YUM ->最常用
3. deb ubuntu debian
4. 源码 ->不常用
5. 二进制包 ->解压即可安装使用

3. RPM命令参数

参数选项	解释说明
-q	查询软件包
-p	后接以.rpm为后缀的软件包
-i	可以与-pq配合使用，表示显示软件包的概要信息
-l	显示软件包中的所有文件列表
-R	显示软件包的依赖环境
-v	显示详细信息
-h	用#显示安装进度条
-a	与-q搭配使用，用于查询所有的软件包
-e	卸载软件包
-f	查询文件或命令属于哪个软件包
-U	升级软件包
–force	强制安装
–nodeps	忽略依赖安装

4. 使用范例

4.1 查看rpm包信息

[root@qdlinux Packages]# rpm -pqi httpd-2.4.6-80.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
warning: httpd-2.4.6-80.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Name        : httpd
Version     : 2.4.6
Release     : 80.el7.centos
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: (not installed)
Group       : System Environment/Daemons
Size        : 9817285
License     : ASL 2.0
Signature   : RSA/SHA256, Wed 25 Apr 2018 07:04:41 PM CST, Key ID 24c6a8a7f4a80eb5
Source RPM  : httpd-2.4.6-80.el7.centos.src.rpm
Build Date  : Sat 21 Apr 2018 02:12:22 AM CST
Build Host  : x86-01.bsys.centos.org
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Packager    : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org>
Vendor      : CentOS
URL         : http://httpd.apache.org/
Summary     : Apache HTTP Server
Description :
The Apache HTTP Server is a powerful, efficient, and extensible
web server.

4.2 查看rpm包内容

[root@qdlinux Packages]# rpm -pql httpd-2.4.6-80.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
warning: httpd-2.4.6-80.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
/etc/httpd
/etc/httpd/conf
/etc/httpd/conf.d
/etc/httpd/conf.d/README
/etc/httpd/conf.d/autoindex.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.d/userdir.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-base.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-dav.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-lua.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-proxy.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-systemd.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/01-cgi.conf
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
/etc/httpd/conf/magic
/etc/httpd/logs
/etc/httpd/modules
/etc/httpd/run
/etc/logrotate.d/httpd
/etc/sysconfig/htcacheclean
/etc/sysconfig/httpd
/run/httpd
/run/httpd/htcacheclean
/usr/lib/systemd/system/htcacheclean.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/httpd.conf
/usr/lib64/httpd
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_access_compat.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_actions.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_alias.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_allowmethods.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_asis.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_auth_basic.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_auth_digest.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_authn_anon.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_authn_core.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_authn_dbd.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_authn_dbm.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_authn_file.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_authn_socache.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_authz_core.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_authz_dbd.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_authz_dbm.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_authz_host.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_authz_owner.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_authz_user.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_autoindex.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_buffer.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_cache.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_cache_disk.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_cache_socache.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_cgi.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_cgid.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_charset_lite.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_data.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_dav.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_dav_fs.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_dav_lock.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_dbd.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_deflate.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_dialup.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_dir.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_dumpio.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_echo.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_env.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_expires.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_ext_filter.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_file_cache.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_filter.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_headers.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_heartbeat.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_heartmonitor.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_include.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_info.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_lbmethod_bybusyness.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_lbmethod_byrequests.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_lbmethod_bytraffic.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_lbmethod_heartbeat.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_log_config.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_log_debug.so
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_log_forens