flink操作hudi数据表

基于flink1.14、spark3.2、hudi0.11，演示flink往hudi数据湖流式地写数据，hive和spark从数据湖读数据

一、为hadoop、hive、flink添加hudi存储格式的支持

1、编译hudi bundle

cd /apps/src/hudi-release-0.11.1
export JAVA_HOME=/apps/svr/jdk1.8.0_144
export MAVEN_OPTS="-Xss64m -Xmx4g -XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=2g -Dhadoop.version=2.9.2 -Dhive.version=2.3.6"
mvn -DskipTests -DskipITs -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Drat.skip=true -Pflink-bundle-shade-hive2 -Pscala-2.11 package

各个bundle的jar包在packaging目录下

2、hudi-flink1.14-bundle_2.11-0.11.1.jar放入flink的lib目录；然后重新部署一个flink on yarn实例

3、hudi-hadoop-mr-bundle-0.11.1.jar放入hadoop的share/hadoop/hdfs/lib目录；然后重启所有nodeManager、resourceManager节点

4、hudi-hadoop-mr-bundle-0.11.1.jar、hudi-hive-sync-bundle-0.11.1.jar放入hive的auxlib目录；然后重新启动hiveServer2服务

二、flink写入hudi

重新部署一个flink on yarn实例后，使用flink sql-client创建hudi格式数据表，支持同步元数据信息到hive可解析的数据表定义里，让hive mr也可以读取同一份parquet列存数据：

-- 创建kafka动态source
CREATE TABLE wzp.kafka_monitor (
  `partition` INT METADATA VIRTUAL,
  `offset` BIGINT METADATA VIRTUAL,
  `timestamp` TIMESTAMP(3) METADATA VIRTUAL,
  `svc_id` STRING,
  `type` STRING,
  `app` STRING,
  `url` STRING,
  `span` INT
) WITH (
  'connector' = 'kafka',
  'topic' = 'monitor-log',
  'properties.bootstrap.servers' = '10.0.0.1:9092,10.0.0.2:9092',
  'properties.group.id' = 'wzp_test_flink',
  'scan.startup.mode' = 'latest-offset',
  'format' = 'json',
  'json.fail-on-missing-field' = 'false',
  'json.ignore-parse-errors' = 'true'
);
 
-- 创建hudi sink
USE hudi_flink;
CREATE TABLE rest_response_mor(
  `svc_id` STRING PRIMARY KEY NOT ENFORCED,
  `url` STRING,
  `span` INT,
  `timestamp` TIMESTAMP(3),
  `app` STRING
)
PARTITIONED BY (`app`)
WITH (
  'connector' = 'hudi',
  'path' = 'hdfs://flink/huditables/rest_response_mor',
  'table.type' = 'MERGE_ON_READ', -- this creates a MERGE_ON_READ table, by default is COPY_ON_WRITE
  'hoodie.datasource.write.recordkey.field' = 'svc_id',
  'hoodie.datasource.write.hive_style_partitioning' = 'true',
  'hoodie.datasource.write.partitionpath.urlencode' = 'true',
  'hoodie.parquet.compression.codec'= 'snappy',
  'write.operation' = 'upsert',
  'write.precombine' = 'true',
  'write.precombine.field' = 'timestamp',
  'compaction.async.enabled' = 'true',
  'compaction.trigger.strategy' = 'num_and_time',
  'compaction.delta_commits' = '3',
  'compaction.delta_seconds' = '30',
  'hive_sync.enable' = 'true',
  'hive_sync.use_jdbc' = 'false',
  'hive_sync.mode' = 'hms',
  'hive_sync.metastore.uris' = 'thrift://machine1:9083',
  'hive_sync.db' = 'hudi_external',
  'hive_sync.table' = 'rest_response_mor',
  'hive_sync.assume_date_partitioning' = 'false',
  'hive_sync.partition_extractor_class' = 'org.apache.hudi.hive.HiveStylePartitionValueExtractor', -- 默认按日期分区
  'hive_sync.partition_fields' = 'app',
  'hive_sync.support_timestamp'= 'true'
);

-- 开启checkpoint才会写入数据到hudi sink
set execution.checkpointing.interval=10sec;
insert into hudi_flink.rest_response_mor(`svc_id`,`url`,`span`,`timestamp`,`app`) select `svc_id`,`url`,`span`,`timestamp`,`app` from wzp.kafka_monitor;

可以看到metastore的hudi_external库里自动额外创建了ro和rt两张外部表，分区信息也同步到了metastore里，让其他引擎(hive mr、spark)能够读取到flink写入到hdfs的hudi格式数据：

三、flink查询hudi

（一）Streaming Query

读取实时变更记录：

USE hudi_flink;
SET 'execution.runtime-mode' = 'streaming';
select * from rest_response_mor/*+ OPTIONS('read.streaming.enabled'='true', 'read.start-commit'='20220718000000')*/;

（二）Snapshot Query

读取最新数据快照，默认hoodie.datasource.query.type就是snapshot：

USE hudi_flink;
SET 'execution.runtime-mode' = 'batch';
select * from rest_response_mor/*+ OPTIONS('hoodie.datasource.query.type'='snapshot')*/;

（三）Read Optimized Query

仅读取列存数据：

USE hudi_flink;
SET 'execution.runtime-mode' = 'batch';
select * from rest_response_mor/*+ OPTIONS('hoodie.datasource.query.type'='read_optimized')*/;

（四）Incremental Query

可实现时间旅行，即读取指定历史时间段内提交的数据：

USE hudi_flink;
SET 'execution.runtime-mode' = 'batch';
select * from rest_response_mor/*+ OPTIONS('read.start-commit'='20220719101500','read.end-commit'='20220719101900')*/;

四、hive查询hudi

必须hudi-hadoop-mr-bundle-0.11.1.jar放入hadoop的share/hadoop/hdfs/lib目录；然后重启所有nodeManager、resourceManager节点

set hive.input.format = org.apache.hudi.hadoop.hive.HoodieCombineHiveInputFormat;
-- 仅查询已按列存优化的数据
SELECT * FROM hudi_external.rest_response_mor_ro;
-- 查询列存、行存合并后的最新数据
SELECT * FROM hudi_external.rest_response_mor_rt;

五、spark查询hudi

（一）重新编译spark要使用的hudi bundle：

mvn -DskipTests -DskipITs -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Drat.skip=true -Pspark-bundle-shade-hive -Pspark3.2 -Pscala-2.12 package

把hudi-spark3.2-bundle_2.12-0.11.1.jar放入spark的jars目录

（二）准备spark-sql启动参数：

spark安装目录下的conf/spark-defaults.conf文件里，添加hudi要求的启动参数：

spark.sql.catalogImplementation=hive
# metastore服务地址
spark.hadoop.hive.metastore.uris=thrift://machine1:9083
# hive数据表的namenode，要和hiveServer2使用的namenode一致
spark.hadoop.fs.defaultFS=hdfs://hive
# hive数据表存储路径
spark.sql.warehouse.dir=/hivetables
 
# cli工具的内存
spark.driver.memory=1g
# yarn的application master的内存
spark.yarn.am.memory=2g
spark.executor.memory=3g
spark.executor.instances=3
 
# hudi要求的配置
spark.serializer=org.apache.spark.serializer.KryoSerializer
spark.sql.extensions=org.apache.spark.sql.hudi.HoodieSparkSessionExtension
spark.sql.catalog.spark_catalog=org.apache.spark.sql.hudi.catalog.HoodieCatalog

然后spark就可以直接使用hive metastore的hudi_external库里自动同步的数据表定义，读取flink写在hdfs上的hudi格式数据