透过汇编代码分析C语言的数据对齐（Data Alignment）与参数传递

C代码

#include <stdio.h>
typedef struct S {
  short a;
  int b;
  long c;
  long d;
  long e;
  long f;
  long g;
  long h;
  short i;
} S;

void foo(S s) {
  
  printf("%hd, %d, %ld, %ld, %ld, %ld, %ld, %ld, %hd\n", 
      s.a, s.b, s.c, s.d, s.e, s.f, s.g, s.h, s.i);
}

int main() {
  S s = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
  foo(s);
  printf("%ld\n", sizeof(short));
}

gcc -S -g test.c 生成的汇编代码

	.file	"test_align.c"
	.text
.Ltext0:
	.section	.rodata
	.align 8
.LC0:
	.string	"%hd, %d, %ld, %ld, %ld, %ld, %ld, %ld, %hd\n"
	.text
	.globl	foo
	.type	foo, @function
foo:
.LFB0:
	.file 1 "test_align.c"
	.loc 1 14 0
	.cfi_startproc
	pushq	%rbp
	.cfi_def_cfa_offset 16
	.cfi_offset 6, -16
	movq	%rsp, %rbp
	.cfi_def_cfa_register 6
	.loc 1 17 0
	movzwl	72(%rbp), %eax
	.loc 1 16 0
	movswl	%ax, %r9d
	movq	64(%rbp), %r8
	movq	56(