105. Construct Binary Tree from Preorder and Inorder Traversal

Given preorder and inorder traversal of a tree, construct the binary tree.

Note:

You may assume that duplicates do not exist in the tree.

根据先序序列和中序序列构建改二叉树

思路：根据先序序列确定树的根值，在中续序列中根值左侧的序列的为左子树，右边的序列为右子树。然后再递归，依次根据先序序列确定左子树的根和右子树的根。递归终止开始回溯的条件：数组只有一个值的时候。

重点在于如何确定数组的上下限，以下是3个版本。

1.超时的版本，超时的原因是因为在确定两个数组的边界的时候，没有利用到树的结点的数量是固定的信息。每次花费了大量查找

#include<iostream>
#include<vector> 
#include<string>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
struct TreeNode {
	int val;
	TreeNode *left;
	TreeNode *right;
	TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
};


class Solution {
public:
	TreeNode* buildTree(vector<int>& preorder, vector<int>& inorder) {
		if (preorder.empty())
			return NULL;
		int rootValue = preorder.front();
		TreeNode* root = new TreeNode(rootValue);
		//construct left child
		if (preorder.front() != inorder.front()){//left child exist
			vector<int> pre;
			vector<int> in;
			vector<int>::iterator it = find(inorder.begin(), inorder.end(), rootValue);
			vector<int>::iterator it2;
			vector<int>::iterator iter = preorder.begin() + 1;
			for ( ; iter != preorder.end(); iter++){
				it2 = find(inorder.begin(), inorder.end(), *iter);
				if (it2 > it)
					break;
			}
			in.assign(inorder.begin(), it);
			pre.assign(preorder.begin() + 1, iter);
			root->left = buildTree(pre, in);
		}

		//construct right child
		if (preorder.front() != inorder.back()){//right child exist
			vector<int> pre;
			vector<int> in;
			vector<int>::iterator it = find(inorder.begin(), inorder.end(), rootValue);
			vector<int>::iterator it2;
			vector<int>::iterator iter = preorder.begin() + 1;
			for (; iter != preorder.end(); iter++){
				it2 = find(inorder.begin(), inorder.end(), *iter);
				if (it2 > it)
					break;
			}
			in.assign(it+1, inorder.end());
			pre.assign(iter, preorder.end());
			root->right = buildTree(pre, in);
		}

		return root;
	}

};

void travel(TreeNode* root){
	if (root){
		cout << root->val << endl;
		travel(root->left);
		travel(root->right);
	}
}

int main()
{
	Solution solution;
	vector<int> preorder;
	preorder.push_back(1);
	preorder.push_back(2);
	preorder.push_back(4);
	preorder.push_back(3);
	preorder.push_back(6);
	preorder.push_back(7);
	vector<int> inorder;
	inorder.push_back(4);
	inorder.push_back(2);
	inorder.push_back(1);
	inorder.push_back(6);
	inorder.push_back(3);
	inorder.push_back(7);
	TreeNode* root;
	root = solution.buildTree(preorder, inorder);
	travel(root);
	return 0;
}

2. 超内存的版本，Memory Limit Exceeded. 之前听说只要在递归里申请数组，一般都超内存的，看来果真是的。

class Solution {
public:
	TreeNode* buildTree(vector<int>& preorder, vector<int>& inorder) {
		if (preorder.empty())
			return NULL;
		int rootValue = preorder.front();
		TreeNode* root = new TreeNode(rootValue);
		//construct left child
		if (preorder.front() != inorder.front()){//left child exist
			vector<int> pre;
			vector<int> in;
			vector<int>::iterator it = find(inorder.begin(), inorder.end(), rootValue);
			in.assign(inorder.begin(), it);
			pre.assign(preorder.begin() + 1, preorder.begin()+1+(it-inorder.begin()));
			root->left = buildTree(pre, in);
		}

		//construct right child
		if (preorder.front() != inorder.back()){//right child exist
			vector<int> pre;
			vector<int> in;
			vector<int>::iterator it = find(inorder.begin(), inorder.end(), rootValue);			
			in.assign(it+1, inorder.end());
			pre.assign(preorder.begin()+(it-inorder.begin())+1, preorder.end());
			root->right = buildTree(pre, in);
		}

		return root;
	}

};

3. 正确的版本 Accepted 。为了不超内存，不能在递归函数里分配数组，所以传递的新变量就不能是新生成的数组。因此参数中要用下标来传递。

#include<iostream>
#include<vector> 
#include<string>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;



struct TreeNode {
	int val;
	TreeNode *left;
	TreeNode *right;
	TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
};


class Solution {
public:
	TreeNode* buildTree(vector<int>& preorder, vector<int>& inorder) {
		return constructTree(preorder, inorder, 0, preorder.size() - 1, 0, inorder.size() - 1);
	}

	TreeNode* constructTree(vector<int>& preorder, vector<int>& inorder, int sPre, int ePre, int sIn, int eIn){
		if (sPre > ePre || sIn > eIn){
			return NULL;
		}
		
		int rootValue = preorder[sPre];
		TreeNode* root = new TreeNode(rootValue);
		int left_child_length =  find(inorder.begin(), inorder.end(), rootValue) - inorder.begin()-sIn;
		root->left = constructTree(preorder, inorder, sPre + 1, sPre + left_child_length, sIn, sIn+left_child_length-1);
		root->right = constructTree(preorder, inorder, sPre+left_child_length+1, ePre, sIn+left_child_length+1, eIn);
		return root;
	}

};



void travel(TreeNode* root){
	if (root){
		cout << root->val << endl;
		travel(root->left);
		travel(root->right);
	}
}

int main()
{
	Solution solution;
	vector<int> preorder;
	preorder.push_back(1);
	preorder.push_back(2);
	preorder.push_back(4);
	preorder.push_back(3);
	preorder.push_back(6);
	preorder.push_back(7);
	vector<int> inorder;
	inorder.push_back(4);
	inorder.push_back(2);
	inorder.push_back(1);
	inorder.push_back(6);
	inorder.push_back(3);
	inorder.push_back(7);
	TreeNode* root;
	root = solution.buildTree(preorder, inorder);
	travel(root);
	return 0;
}