S3C6410开发板linux下触摸屏驱动分析

最新推荐文章于 2021-07-08 14:53:49 发布
xgbing
最新推荐文章于 2021-07-08 14:53:49 发布
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一般LCD的背光是通过PWM的占空比来设置。这里使用的所谓的“一线触屏”方式。原理是板子和触屏模块之间使用一个IO口连接，触屏模块有单片机，通过协议，发送和接收一段频率固定的脉冲数据。本例中IO口使用的GPF［15］（PWM脚，但求使用该功能，仅作为IO使用）。
驱动中有两个定时器，一个是一直打开的定时器one_wire_timer（它是linux内核定时器）,它的间隔是20ms，在每个时隔后先判断是否发送背光控制命令，如果没有背光命令，则发送获取LCD信息命令REQ_INFO或发送获取触屏状态命令REQ_TS。
每个命令的执行过程是一个状态机，状态机的执行节拍是由定时器（它是硬件定时器），它在命令执行开始时打开，并在命令执行完成后关闭。
/*
 * mini6410_1wire_host.c
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * LCD-CPU one wire communication for Mini6410 from
 *         FriendlyARM Guangzhou CO., LTD.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2010 FriendlyARM Guangzhou CO., LTD.  <http://www.arm9.net>
 *
 * ChangeLog
 *
 *
 * 2010-10-14: Russell Guo <russell.grey@gmail.com>
 *      - Initial version
 *      -- request touch-screen data
 *      -- request LCD type, Firmware version
 *      -  Backlight control
 *
 * the CRC-8 functions is based on web page from http://lfh1986.blogspot.com
 */

#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/input.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/serio.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/clk.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/timer.h>
#include <linux/param.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>

#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <plat/regs-timer.h>
	 
#include <plat/gpio-cfg.h>
#include <plat/regs-clock.h>
#include <plat/regs-gpio.h>

#include <plat/gpio-bank-e.h>
#include <plat/gpio-bank-f.h>

#include <linux/cdev.h>

#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <linux/err.h>
#include <linux/io.h>

#include <asm/system.h>
#include <asm/leds.h>
#include <asm/mach-types.h>

#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <mach/map.h>
#include <mach/regs-irq.h>
#include <asm/mach/time.h>

#include <plat/clock.h>
#include <plat/cpu.h>

#undef DEBUG
#define DEBUG
#ifdef DEBUG
#define DPRINTK(x...) {printk("%s(%d): ",__FUNCTION__ ,__LINE__);printk(x);}
#else
#define DPRINTK(x...) (void)(0)
#endif

#define TOUCH_DEVICE_NAME	"touchscreen-1wire"
#define BACKLIGHT_DEVICE_NAME	"backlight-1wire"
#define SAMPLE_BPS 9600

#define SLOW_LOOP_FEQ 25
#define FAST_LOOP_FEQ 60

#define REQ_TS   0x40U
#define REQ_INFO 0x60U

// Touch Screen driver interface
//
static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(ts_waitq);
static int ts_ready;
static unsigned ts_status;

//当接收到触屏信息后调用此函数，x,y是坐标，down表示是否被按下
static inline void notify_ts_data(unsigned x, unsigned y, unsigned down)
{
	if (!down && !(ts_status &(1U << 31))) {//如果上一次已经按下，现在抬起，不会进if。如果上一次和现在都是未按下，则进if。
		// up repeat, give it up
		return;
	}

	ts_status = ((x << 16) | (y)) | (down << 31);   //ts_status记录的是触屏信息
	ts_ready = 1;
	wake_up_interruptible(&ts_waitq);
}

//触屏状态信息的读取（阻塞方式），仅当屏按下时或上一次按下现在未按下，才会成功读取ts_status
static ssize_t ts_read(struct file *filp, char *buffer, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
	unsigned long err;

	if (!ts_ready) {
		if (filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
			return -EAGAIN;
		else
			wait_event_interruptible(ts_waitq, ts_ready);
	}

	ts_ready = 0;

	if (count < sizeof ts_status) {
		return -EINVAL;
	} else {
		count = sizeof ts_status;
	}

	err = copy_to_user((void *)buffer, (const void *)(&ts_status), sizeof ts_status);
	return err ? -EFAULT : sizeof ts_status;
}

//查询是否获取到触屏状态信息
static unsigned int ts_poll( struct file *file, struct poll_table_struct *wait)
{
	unsigned int mask = 0;
	poll_wait(file, &ts_waitq, wait);
	if (ts_ready)
		mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
	return mask;
}

static struct file_operations ts_fops = {
	owner:	THIS_MODULE,
	read:	ts_read,	
	poll:   ts_poll,
};

static struct miscdevice ts_misc = {
	.minor = 181,
	.name = TOUCH_DEVICE_NAME,
	.fops = &ts_fops,
};

static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(bl_waitq);
static int bl_ready;
static unsigned char backlight_req = 0;             //当应用层通过write方法发送一个设置背光指示时，此值变为1.它通知状态机下一个状态执行设置背光命令。
static unsigned char backlight_init_success;       //当linux启动时, 它的值为0，这个驱动一加载就会发送设置背光命令给触屏模块，设置完成后此变量的值变为1，此后就不变有作用。

//发送设置背光命令后，当状态机结束时调用此函数。在状态机的结束时会接收数据（参数a,b,c），这些数据不使用。
static inline void notify_bl_data(unsigned char a, unsigned char b, unsigned char c)
{
	bl_ready = 1;           
	backlight_init_success = 1;
	wake_up_interruptible(&bl_waitq);
}


//应用层通过写入用字符表示的亮度作为参数，如echo 127 > /dev/backlight-1wire
//backlight_req是亮度参数
static ssize_t bl_write(struct file *file, const char *buffer, size_t count, loff_t * ppos)
{
	int ret;
	char buf[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
	unsigned v;
	unsigned len;

	if (count == 0) {
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	if (count > sizeof buf - 1) {
		len = sizeof buf - 1;
	} else {
		len = count;
	}
	ret = copy_from_user(buf, buffer, len);
	if (ret) {
		return -EFAULT;
	}
	if (sscanf(buf, "%u", &v) != 1) {
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	
	if (v > 127) {
		v = 127;
	}

	bl_ready = 0;
	backlight_req = v + 0x80U;      //亮度

	ret = wait_event_interruptible_timeout(bl_waitq, bl_ready, HZ / 10);
	if (ret < 0) {
		return ret;
	}
	if (ret == 0) {
		return -ETIMEDOUT;
	}

	return count;
}

static struct file_operations bl_fops = {
	owner:	THIS_MODULE,
	write:	bl_write,
};

static struct miscdevice bl_misc = {
	.minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
	.name = BACKLIGHT_DEVICE_NAME,
	.fops = &bl_fops,
};

// for query base info
//LCD的信息，通过发送获取LCD信息命令（REQ_INFO）可得到这两个变量的值。
static unsigned lcd_type, firmware_ver;
//在获取LCD信息命令的结束将调用此函数
static inline void notify_info_data(unsigned char _lcd_type, unsigned char ver_year, unsigned char week)
{
	if (_lcd_type != 0xFF) {
		lcd_type = _lcd_type;
		firmware_ver = ver_year * 100 + week;
	}
}

// Pin access
//以下几个函数设置IO口
static inline void set_pin_up(void)
{
	unsigned long tmp;
	tmp = readl(S3C64XX_GPFPUD);
	tmp &= ~(3U <<30);
	tmp |= (2U << 30);
	writel(tmp, S3C64XX_GPFPUD);
}

static inline void set_pin_as_input(void)
{
	unsigned long tmp;
	tmp = readl(S3C64XX_GPFCON);
	tmp &= ~(3 << 30);
	writel(tmp, S3C64XX_GPFCON);
}

static inline void set_pin_as_output(void)
{
	unsigned long tmp;
	tmp = readl(S3C64XX_GPFCON);
	tmp = (tmp & ~(3U << 30)) | (1U << 30);
	writel(tmp, S3C64XX_GPFCON);
}

static inline void set_pin_value(int v)
{
	unsigned long tmp;
	tmp = readl(S3C64XX_GPFDAT);
	if (v) {
		tmp |= (1 << 15);
	} else {
		tmp &= ~(1<<15);
	}
	writel(tmp, S3C64XX_GPFDAT);
}

static inline int get_pin_value(void)
{
	int v;
	unsigned long tmp;
	tmp = readl(S3C64XX_GPFDAT);
	v = !!(tmp & (1<<15));
	return v;
}

// CRC
//
static const unsigned char crc8_tab[] = {
0x00, 0x07, 0x0E, 0x09, 0x1C, 0x1B, 0x12, 0x15,
0x38, 0x3F, 0x36, 0x31, 0x24, 0x23, 0x2A, 0x2D,
0x70, 0x77, 0x7E, 0x79, 0x6C, 0x6B, 0x62, 0x65,
0x48, 0x4F, 0x46, 0x41, 0x54, 0x53, 0x5A, 0x5D,
0xE0, 0xE7, 0xEE, 0xE9, 0xFC, 0xFB, 0xF2, 0xF5,
0xD8, 0xDF, 0xD6, 0xD1, 0xC4, 0xC3, 0xCA, 0xCD,
0x90, 0x97, 0x9E, 0x99, 0x8C, 0x8B, 0x82, 0x85,
0xA8, 0xAF, 0xA6, 0xA1, 0xB4, 0xB3, 0xBA, 0xBD,
0xC7, 0xC0, 0xC9, 0xCE, 0xDB, 0xDC, 0xD5, 0xD2,
0xFF, 0xF8, 0xF1, 0xF6, 0xE3, 0xE4, 0xED, 0xEA,
0xB7, 0xB0, 0xB9, 0xBE, 0xAB, 0xAC, 0xA5, 0xA2,
0x8F, 0x88, 0x81, 0x86, 0x93, 0x94, 0x9D, 0x9A,
0x27, 0x20, 0x29, 0x2E, 0x3B, 0x3C, 0x35, 0x32,
0x1F, 0x18, 0x11, 0x16, 0x03, 0x04, 0x0D, 0x0A,
0x57, 0x50, 0x59, 0x5E, 0x4B, 0x4C, 0x45, 0x42,
0x6F, 0x68, 0x61, 0x66, 0x73, 0x74, 0x7D, 0x7A,
0x89, 0x8E, 0x87, 0x80, 0x95, 0x92, 0x9B, 0x9C,
0xB1, 0xB6, 0xBF, 0xB8, 0xAD, 0xAA, 0xA3, 0xA4,
0xF9, 0xFE, 0xF7, 0xF0, 0xE5, 0xE2, 0xEB, 0xEC,
0xC1, 0xC6, 0xCF, 0xC8, 0xDD, 0xDA, 0xD3, 0xD4,
0x69, 0x6E, 0x67, 0x60, 0x75, 0x72, 0x7B, 0x7C,
0x51, 0x56, 0x5F, 0x58, 0x4D, 0x4A, 0x43, 0x44,
0x19, 0x1E, 0x17, 0x10, 0x05, 0x02, 0x0B, 0x0C,
0x21, 0x26, 0x2F, 0x28, 0x3D, 0x3A, 0x33, 0x34,
0x4E, 0x49, 0x40, 0x47, 0x52, 0x55, 0x5C, 0x5B,
0x76, 0x71, 0x78, 0x7F, 0x6A, 0x6D, 0x64, 0x63,
0x3E, 0x39, 0x30, 0x37, 0x22, 0x25, 0x2C, 0x2B,
0x06, 0x01, 0x08, 0x0F, 0x1A, 0x1D, 0x14, 0x13,
0xAE, 0xA9, 0xA0, 0xA7, 0xB2, 0xB5, 0xBC, 0xBB,
0x96, 0x91, 0x98, 0x9F, 0x8A, 0x8D, 0x84, 0x83,
0xDE, 0xD9, 0xD0, 0xD7, 0xC2, 0xC5, 0xCC, 0xCB,
0xE6, 0xE1, 0xE8, 0xEF, 0xFA, 0xFD, 0xF4, 0xF3,
};

#define crc8_init(crc) ((crc) = 0XACU)
#define crc8(crc, v) ( (crc) = crc8_tab[(crc) ^(v)])

// once a session complete
static unsigned total_received, total_error;
static unsigned last_req, last_res;
//当状态机接收到数据后执行此函数
static void one_wire_session_complete(unsigned char req, unsigned int res)
{
	unsigned char crc;
	const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char*)&res;
	total_received ++;

	last_res = res;

	crc8_init(crc);
	crc8(crc, p[3]);
	crc8(crc, p[2]);
	crc8(crc, p[1]);
	if (crc != p[0]) {             //判断接收数据的CRC是否正确
		// CRC dismatch
		if (total_received > 100) {
			total_error++;
		}
		return;
	}
	switch(req) {
	case REQ_TS:                                     //得到触屏的状态
		{
			unsigned short x,y;          //触屏的坐标
			unsigned pressed;           //是否按下
			x =  ((p[3] >>   4U) << 8U) + p[2];
			y =  ((p[3] &  0xFU) << 8U) + p[1];
			pressed = (x != 0xFFFU) && (y != 0xFFFU); 
			notify_ts_data(x, y, pressed);
		}
		break;
	
	case REQ_INFO:                                       // 得到lcd信息
		notify_info_data(p[3], p[2], p[1]);
		break;
	default:
		notify_bl_data(p[3], p[2], p[1]);                    // 设置背光完成
		break;
	}
}

// one-wire protocol core
static unsigned long TCNT_FOR_SAMPLE_BIT;
static unsigned long TCNT_FOR_FAST_LOOP;
static unsigned long TCNT_FOR_SLOW_LOOP;
static int init_timer_for_1wire(void)
{
        unsigned long tcfg1;
        unsigned long tcfg0;

	unsigned prescale1_value;

	unsigned long pclk;
	struct clk *clk;

	// get pclk
	clk = clk_get(NULL, "timers");
	if (IS_ERR(clk)) {
		DPRINTK("ERROR to get PCLK\n");
		return -EIO;
	}
	pclk = clk_get_rate(clk);

	// get prescaler
        tcfg0 = __raw_readl(S3C2410_TCFG0);
	// we use system prescaler value because timer 4 uses same one
	prescale1_value = (tcfg0 >> 8) & 0xFF;

	// calc the TCNT_FOR_SAMPLE_BIT, that is one of the goal
	TCNT_FOR_SAMPLE_BIT = pclk / (prescale1_value + 1) / SAMPLE_BPS - 1;
	TCNT_FOR_FAST_LOOP  = pclk / (prescale1_value + 1) / FAST_LOOP_FEQ - 1;
	TCNT_FOR_SLOW_LOOP  = pclk / (prescale1_value + 1) / SLOW_LOOP_FEQ - 1;
	
	// select timer 3, the 2rd goal
        tcfg1 = __raw_readl(S3C2410_TCFG1);
	tcfg1 &= ~S3C2410_TCFG1_MUX3_MASK;
	writel(tcfg1, S3C2410_TCFG1);


	return 0;
}

static inline void stop_timer_for_1wire(void)
{
	unsigned long tcon;
        tcon = __raw_readl(S3C2410_TCON);
	tcon &= ~S3C2410_TCON_T3START;
	writel(tcon, S3C2410_TCON);
}


//状态机的状态，工作的起始态是START.
enum {
	IDLE,
	START,
	REQUEST,
	WAITING,
	RESPONSE,
	STOPING,
} one_wire_status = IDLE;

static volatile unsigned int io_bit_count;
static volatile unsigned int io_data;
static volatile unsigned char one_wire_request;
static irqreturn_t timer_for_1wire_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
	io_bit_count--;     //起计时作用
	switch(one_wire_status) {     
	case START:                                     //start_one_wire_session已经指定io_bit_count = 1
		if (io_bit_count == 0) {  //这个状态的计时结束
			io_bit_count = 16;      //设置下一个状态的时间总数
			one_wire_status = REQUEST;
		}
		break;

//REQUEST是一个发送命令类型的过程，发送的数据是16位。
	case REQUEST:                               //io_bit_count = 16
		// Send a bit         发送的是io_data的高16位。高16位由高8位的req和低8位crc组成。
		set_pin_value(io_data & (1U << 31));
		io_data <<= 1;
		if (io_bit_count == 0) {
			io_bit_count = 2;
			one_wire_status = WAITING;
		}
		break;
		
//等待
	case WAITING:                             // 2
		if (io_bit_count == 0) {
			io_bit_count = 32;
			one_wire_status = RESPONSE;
		}
		if (io_bit_count == 1) {
			set_pin_as_input();
			set_pin_value(1);
		}
		break;

//此状态接收32位数据		
	case RESPONSE:                         // 32
		// Get a bit                    读出32位数
		io_data = (io_data << 1) | get_pin_value();
		if (io_bit_count == 0) {
			io_bit_count = 2;
			one_wire_status = STOPING;
			set_pin_value(1);
			set_pin_as_output();
			one_wire_session_complete(one_wire_request, io_data);
		}
		break;

	case STOPING:                     // 2
		if (io_bit_count == 0) {
			one_wire_status = IDLE;
			stop_timer_for_1wire();
		}
		break;
		
	default:
		stop_timer_for_1wire();
	}
	return IRQ_HANDLED;
}

static struct irqaction timer_for_1wire_irq = {          //状态机时钟节拍的定时器，使用硬件Timer
	.name    = "1-wire Timer Tick",
	.flags   = IRQF_DISABLED | IRQF_IRQPOLL,
	.handler = timer_for_1wire_interrupt,
	.dev_id  = &timer_for_1wire_irq,
};

//初始化，仅在状态开始调用一次
static void start_one_wire_session(unsigned char req)
{
	unsigned long tcon;
	unsigned long flags;
	if (one_wire_status != IDLE) {
		printk("one_wire_status: %d\n", one_wire_status);
		return;
	}

	one_wire_status = START;      //初始状态，开始一个状态

	set_pin_value(1);
	set_pin_as_output();
	// IDLE to START
	{
		unsigned char crc;
		crc8_init(crc);
		crc8(crc, req);
		io_data = (req << 8) + crc;
		io_data <<= 16;
	}
	last_req = (io_data >> 16);
	one_wire_request = req;
	io_bit_count = 1;
	set_pin_as_output();

	//打开timer
	writel(TCNT_FOR_SAMPLE_BIT, S3C2410_TCNTB(3));
	// init tranfer and start timer
        tcon = __raw_readl(S3C2410_TCON);
	tcon &= ~(0xF << 16);
	tcon |= S3C2410_TCON_T3MANUALUPD;
	writel(tcon, S3C2410_TCON);


	tcon |= S3C2410_TCON_T3START;
	tcon |= S3C2410_TCON_T3RELOAD;
	tcon &= ~S3C2410_TCON_T3MANUALUPD;

	local_irq_save(flags);
	writel(tcon, S3C2410_TCON);
	set_pin_value(0);
	local_irq_restore(flags);
}

// poll the device
// following is Linux timer not HW timer
static int exitting;
static struct timer_list one_wire_timer;

void one_wire_timer_proc(unsigned long v)     //每20ms调用一次，它或者执行设置背光亮度或者获取触摸数据
{
	unsigned char req;
	if (exitting) {
		return;
	}
	one_wire_timer.expires = jiffies + HZ / 50;               //20ms
	add_timer(&one_wire_timer);
	if (lcd_type == 0) {
		req = REQ_INFO;
	} else if (!backlight_init_success) {//如果应用层一次都没有过设置亮度，亮度默认127
		req = 127;
	} else if (backlight_req) {         //将要设置亮度
		req = backlight_req;
		backlight_req = 0;
	} else {
		req = REQ_TS;                    //获取触摸数据
	}
	start_one_wire_session(req);

}

static struct timer_list one_wire_timer = {   //这个定时器一直是开着的，每个20ms执行一次
	.function = one_wire_timer_proc,
};

//通过proc文件系统读取统计信息
static int read_proc(char *buf, char **start, off_t offset, int count, int *eof, void *data)
{
	int len;
	len = sprintf(buf, "%u %u %u %u %04X %08X\n", lcd_type, firmware_ver, total_received, total_error, last_req, last_res);
	*eof = 1;
	return len;
}
static int __init dev_init(void)
{
	int ret;
	ret = misc_register(&ts_misc) | misc_register(&bl_misc) ;

	//set PWM as output, set output is 1.
	set_pin_up();
	set_pin_value(1);
	set_pin_as_output();

	if (ret == 0) {
		setup_irq(IRQ_TIMER3, &timer_for_1wire_irq);
		ret = init_timer_for_1wire();
		init_timer(&one_wire_timer);
		one_wire_timer_proc(0);        //设置背光为127 (默认)
		create_proc_read_entry("driver/one-wire-info", 0, NULL, read_proc, NULL); //建立接口到proc文件系统
	}
	
	if (ret == 0) {
		printk (TOUCH_DEVICE_NAME"\tinitialized\n");
		printk (BACKLIGHT_DEVICE_NAME"\tinitialized\n");
	}
	return ret;
}


static void __exit dev_exit(void)
{
	exitting = 1;
	remove_proc_entry("driver/one-wire-info", NULL);
	del_timer_sync(&one_wire_timer);
	free_irq(IRQ_TIMER3, &timer_for_1wire_irq);
	misc_deregister(&ts_misc);
	misc_deregister(&bl_misc);
}

module_init(dev_init);
module_exit(dev_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("FriendlyARM Inc.");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Mini6410 one-wire host and Touch Screen Driver");