十七、C++ 抽象类

1.抽象类概念

做一个"各个国家的人"的调查：饮食、穿衣、开车...

virtual void eating(void) 这些函数没必要在基类里面实现，派生类里面肯定提供这些函数

virtual void eating(void) = 0; 纯虚函数 含有纯虚函数的类 称为抽象类，抽象类不能用来实例化对象，它是用来给派生类定义好框架

#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

using namespace std;

class Human {
private:
	int a;
public:
	virtual void eating(void) = 0;
	virtual void wearing(void) = 0;
	virtual void driving(void) = 0;
	virtual ~Human() { cout<<"~Human()"<<endl; }
	virtual Human* test(void) {cout<<"Human's test"<<endl; return this; }
};

class Englishman : public Human {
public:
	void eating(void) { cout<<"use knife to eat"<<endl; }
	void wearing(void) {cout<<"wear english style"<<endl; }
	void driving(void) {cout<<"drive english car"<<endl; }
	virtual ~Englishman() { cout<<"~Englishman()"<<endl; }
	virtual Englishman* test(void) {cout<<"Englishman's test"<<endl; return this; }
};


class Chinese : public Human {
public:
	void eating(void) { cout<<"use chopsticks to eat"<<endl; }
	void wearing(void) {cout<<"wear chinese style"<<endl; }
	void driving(void) {cout<<"drive chinese car"<<endl; }
	virtual ~Chinese() { cout<<"~Chinese()"<<endl; }
	virtual Chinese* test(void) {cout<<"Chinese's test"<<endl; return this; }
};

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	//Human h;    err
	Englishman e;
	Chinese c;

	return 0;
}

2. 若子类没有覆写所有的纯虚函数，则子类还是抽象类

#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

using namespace std;

class Human {
private:
	int a;
public:
	virtual void eating(void) = 0;
	virtual void wearing(void) = 0;
	virtual void driving(void) = 0;
	virtual ~Human() { cout<<"~Human()"<<endl; }
	virtual Human* test(void) {cout<<"Human's test"<<endl; return this; }
};

class Englishman : public Human {
public:
	void eating(void) { cout<<"use knife to eat"<<endl; }
	void wearing(void) {cout<<"wear english style"<<endl; }
	void driving(void) {cout<<"drive english car"<<endl; }
	virtual ~Englishman() { cout<<"~Englishman()"<<endl; }
	virtual Englishman* test(void) {cout<<"Englishman's test"<<endl; return this; }
};


class Chinese : public Human {
public:
	void eating(void) { cout<<"use chopsticks to eat"<<endl; }
	void wearing(void) {cout<<"wear chinese style"<<endl; }
	//void driving(void) {cout<<"drive chinese car"<<endl; }
	virtual ~Chinese() { cout<<"~Chinese()"<<endl; }
	virtual Chinese* test(void) {cout<<"Chinese's test"<<endl; return this; }
};

class Guangximan : public Chinese {
	void driving(void) {cout<<"drive guangxi car"<<endl; }
};

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	//Human h;
	Englishman e;
	Guangximan g;

	return 0;
}

如果Chiness 中没有实现 driving函数，那么 Chiness 还是一个抽象类，不能用来是实例化对象

3.总结

Human：向下定义好框架，向上提供统一的接口