小白入门numpy（1）

1 .numpy读取.txt文档

import numpy

aaa = numpy.genfromtxt("aaa.txt", delimiter=" ", dtype=str)
print(type(aaa))  # <class 'numpy.ndarray'>
print(aaa)
seq = aaa[0, 0]
lat = aaa[0, 1]
lon = aaa[0, 2]
chl = aaa[0, 3]
print(seq, lat, lon, chl) # 1 31.45717 120.041978 0.0557

2.用numpy.array构造向量和矩阵

vector = numpy.array([5, 10, 15, 20])使用numpy.array构造向量和矩阵
matrix = numpy.array([[5, 10, 15], [20, 25, 30], [40, 45, 50]])
print(matrix.shape)  # (3, 3)
print(vector[0:3])  # [ 5 10 15]
print(matrix[:, 1])  # [10 25 45]

3.numpy限制内部元素属同一类型

numbers = numpy.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
numbers1 = numpy.array([1, 2, 3, 4.0])
numbers2 = numpy.array([1, 2, 3, '4.0'])
print(numbers.dtype)  # int32
print(numbers1.dtype)  # float64
print(numbers2.dtype)  # <U11
print(numbers)  # [1 2 3 4]
print(numbers1)  # [1. 2. 3. 4.]
print(numbers2)  # ['1' '2' '3' '4.0']

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4.astype

vectors = numpy.array(["1", "2", "3"])
print(vectors.dtype)  # <U1
print(vectors)  # ['1' '2' '3']
vectors = vectors.astype(float)
print(vectors.dtype)  # float64
print(vectors)  # [1. 2. 3.]

5.对行/列做运算

print(matrix.sum(axis=1))  # 对行求和 [ 30  75 135]
print(matrix.sum(axis=0))  # 对列求和 [65 80 95]

6.reshape操作

print(numpy.arange(15))  # [ 0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13 14]
a = numpy.arange(15).reshape(3, 5)
print(a)
"""
[[ 0  1  2  3  4]
 [ 5  6  7  8  9]
 [10 11 12 13 14]]

7.pi

from numpy import pi
print(numpy.linspace(0, 2 * pi, 100))

8.数学运算

a = numpy.array([20, 30, 40, 50])
b = numpy.arange(4)
c = a - b #加
d = a + b #减
e = b ** 2 #幂
print(c, d, e)  # [20 29 38 47] [20 31 42 53] [0 1 4 9]
A = numpy.array([[1, 0], [2, 2]])
B = numpy.array([[1, 1], [2, 2]])
print(A * B)     #对应元素相乘
print(A.dot(B))  # 真正的矩阵相乘

C = np.arange(3)
print(C)  # [0 1 2]
print(np.exp(B))  # [1.         2.71828183 7.3890561 ]
print(np.sqrt(B))  # [0.         1.         1.41421356]