口语笔记 ——主宾表从句

1. 主语从句

主语有三种类型：

1. 名词作主语：the computer is good.
2. 代词作主语：it is good.
3. 句子作主语： that he will come is good.

当一个句子作成分时，有两个关键点：1）加连接词 2）转陈述语气

连词分三类：

1. that: 适用于陈述句作从句
   • that you passed the exam is good
2. whether(是否）/if（如果）: 适用于一般疑问句作从句, 主语从句只用whether
   • whether will he come is not for sure. 他会不会来不确定
3. who/what/whose/which/when/where/why/how: 适用于特殊疑问句作从句
   • what did he say is important.

转陈述语气：主要是把时表词和主语互换位置（针对疑问句作从句）

• whether will he come --> whether he will come
• whether is he a teacher --> whether he is a teacher
• what did he say --> what he said

主语从句主要用在三种结构中：

• 主系表
  • whether he is a teacher is important
  • that he will come tomorow is true
  • that china is strong can’t be denied
  • what you did is meaningless
  • what I care about is your safty
• 主谓宾: 基本都是使动词
  • that he helped me moved me.
  • that he always calls me at night upset me .
  • whether he will come makes no difference.(句子作主语统一都当作第三人称单数）
  • when he left confused us.
• 主谓宾补：基本都用make
  • that he helped me made me moved(使动词都可以变成形容词）.
  • what he said made me happy.
  • How he passed the exam let us down. 他通过考试的方式让我们失望

主语从句有一个问题：头重脚轻，就是主语太长。解决办法是用it作形式主语：

• it is true he will come tomorrow.
• it upset me that he always calls me at night.

连词是that/whether时一般都会用形式主语。

2. 宾语从句

宾语从句就是把一个句子放在宾语的位置。 典型结构有：

• I know (that) he is a teacher. 主谓宾（只有主谓宾时，that可以省略)
• He told me that he was a teacher. 主谓间宾、直宾
• I found it true that he could learn English. 主谓宾补

  句子当宾语太长，所以用it作形式宾语。

• I think it a good thing that he can come. 主谓宾补

从句时态：主过从过

• I knew that he had gone.
• I knew that he had been learning English.
• He said he would come tomorrow. 过去说的将来就是过去将来
• He told me that he wouldn’t come.

主系表+宾语

• I’m curious (about) that how he lost the game. 主系表+宾语从句 (主语是人，表语是表达感情或心情）
• I’m happy that he can come. 主系表
• I’m moved that you helped me.
• you must be happy that you passed the exam.
• Are’t you moved that he helped you?
• why are’t you angry that he didn’t tell you?

介词+宾语

• I don’t care about that who he is. 本质上就是主谓宾，只不过不及物动词需要加介词才能加名词
• I’m thinking of whether I should tell him.
• That depends on when he will come.
• I’m worried about that he can’t come.
• I’m afraid of that he can’t come.

表否定前移：适用于谓语动词是believe/think时

• I don’t think he is a teacher. (不能把not放从句中）
• I don’t believe he will leave.

疑问词前移：

• where do you think he went? 你觉得他去哪儿了？
• who do you think you are? 你觉得你是谁啊？

whether/if :

• I don’t know whether he is a teacher or not. 只有whether 可以加 or not
• I’m not sure whether to do. 只有whether 可以加不定式
• I’m thinking of whether I should tell him. 介词后用whether
• whether he will come, I’m not sure. 从句句首时，只能用whether

主语相同时，从句可以省略主语，变成不定式

• I don’t know what to do. (本来：what I should do)
• I don’t know when to call him. (when I should call him)

3. 表语从句

典型示例：

• the plan is that we go to Beijing tomorrow.

根据主语的不同，表语从句可分为三种：

名词做主语

• his problem is that he doesn’t believe anyone. 他的问题是他不相信任何人。
• My point is that he is a good person. 我的意思是他是个好人。
• The point is that I don’t think what he told us is true. （宾语从句否定前移)
• My question is whether they can finish the task on time.

句子做主语

• what I mean is that he is a good person. 我的意思是他是个好人。
• what I know is that they need our help. 我所知道的是他们需要我们帮助。
• what he told me is that he wanted to buy a car.
• what surprised me is that he passed the exam. 让我惊讶的是他通过了考试
• what is important is that we don’t know who they are（who we are against). 重要的是我们不知道对方是谁
• what I’m curious about is whether they will help us as they said. （主系表后跟名词只能加介词）

指示代词做主语(this/that/these/those)

• that is what we should do. 那是我们应该做的
• when they left is what we don’t know == what we don’t know is when they left.
• This is how they met. 他们就是这样认识的 （这就是他们怎么认识的）
• that is how the second world war took place. 二战就是这么发生的
• that is when he married her. 他就是那时娶的她
• that is why he doesn’t believe me. 他就是因为这个不相信我
• that is why he is angry with me.他就是因为这个生我的气
• that is where I saw him. 我就是在那里看到的他。
• that tall is who saved me. 那个高个子的人就是救我的人。

表语从句比宾语从句多的几个连词：

1. Because引导表语从句

   • that is because he doesn’t believe me. 那是因为他不相信我。

2. as if引导表语从句

   • He looks as if he is an artist. (表从）

   look like能表示相同意思：he looks like that he is an artist （宾从）

   • I feel as if we know each other for many years. 我感觉我们好像认识很多年了。
   • It’s not as you think. 并不是你想的那样。

   此处as是连词 == what, 所以不需要再加what，避免两个连词重复。如果换成like(介词）需要加what: It’s not like what you think.

注：感官动词也可以作为系动词，包括：look, smell, sound, feel。

4. 同位语从句

同位语从句：用以解释或说明名词的具体内容。

• I heard the news that they left.

这里的that不作成分, they left 是 news 的内容。

与定语从句的区别：

• 同位语从句修饰的名词都是有内容的，例如：消息、计划、建议、解释、事实、希望、观点、命令、
• 同位语从句中that不作成分，而定语从句中that要作成分。

同位语从句的连词和主宾表从句的连词用法一样。
1）that:

• Give me your words that you will learn English hard. 给我一个你会努力学习英语的承诺。
• The fact that he is a good teacher can’t be denied.
• The news that the missing plane has been found yestoday has been confirmed.

2）whether:

• The plan whether we will go to Beijing hasn’t been confirmed.
• The question whether he loves me is confusing me. 他喜不喜欢我这个问题，一直困扰着我。

3）what/how/why/when/where:

• I have no idea what he said.

分离性同位语从句

• The story goes that they got married at last. 据说他们最后结婚了。

that修饰story，go表示说的意思。

• Word came that he had been killed.有消息说他被杀了。
• Report has it that the missing plan was found. 有报道说丢失的计划被找到了。

同位语从句的虚拟语气

• He accepted the suggestion that he should eat more vegetable.

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