Android中Socket通信整理

Socket

Socket 称为"套接字"，是网络通信的概念。分为流式套接字和数据报套接字。流式套接字将TCP作为其端对端协议，提供字节流服务。数据包套接字使用UDP协议，提供数据打包发送服务。

TCP协议是面向连接的协议，提供稳定的双向通信功能。连接的建立需要经过"三次握手"才能完成，具有很高的稳定性。
UDP协议是无连接的，缺点是不保证数据一定能够正确传输。可能会出现丢包事件。

下面我们用TCP来实现一个简易聊天

创建TCPServerService

package com.example.test.socket;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.util.Log;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.Random;

/**
 * Description:
 */

public class TCPServerService extends Service{
    private boolean serverRun = true;
    private static final String TAG = "TCPServerService";

    private String[] messages = new String[]{
            "天王盖地虎，小鸡炖蘑菇。",
            "宝塔镇河妖，蘑菇放辣椒。",
            "河妖用大招，二楼弯下腰。",
            "莫愁不开怀，二楼出人才。",
            "钛合金狗眼，贞操已用完。",
            "糗百无女神，屌丝一大群。",
            "屌丝变色狼，色狼变流氓。",
            "宅男寻腐女，腐女已有郎。",
            "想富卖切糕，木耳爱香蕉。",
            "恨未逢时生，前路很渺茫。",
            "寻她千百度，千里聚一趟。",
            "玉帝和王母，雪碧两块五。",
            "只因梦太短，起来洗把脸。"
    };
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        new Thread(new TCPServer()).start();
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        serverRun = false;
        super.onDestroy();
    }

    private class TCPServer implements Runnable{

        @Override
        public void run() {

            ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
            try {
                //监听8686端口
                serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8686);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                return;
            }


            while (serverRun){
                try {
                    final Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();

                    new Thread(new Runnable() {
                        @Override
                        public void run() {
                            try {
                                responseClient(socket);
                            } catch (IOException e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        }
                    }).start();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            }
        }
    }

    private void responseClient(Socket socket) throws IOException {
        //用于接收客户端消息
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
        //用于向客户端发送消息
        PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream())),true);
        printWriter.println("欢迎来到大型交友平台");

        while (serverRun){
            String msg = bufferedReader.readLine();
            Log.e(TAG, "responseClient: receive msg  _:" +msg);
            if (msg == null) {
                break;
            }
            int i = new Random().nextInt(messages.length);
            String replyMsg = messages[i];
            printWriter.println(replyMsg);
            Log.e(TAG, "responseClient: send msg _:" +replyMsg);
        }
        bufferedReader.close();
        printWriter.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

权限

	 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>

Service注册

		<service android:name=".socket.TCPServerService"
            android:process=":TCPServerService"
            >

        </service>

创建TCPClientActivity

package com.example.test.socket;

import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.example.test.R;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

import butterknife.BindView;
import butterknife.ButterKnife;
import butterknife.OnClick;

public class TCPClientActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @BindView(R.id.tv_msg_container)
    TextView mTvMsgContainer;
    @BindView(R.id.et_msg)
    EditText mEtMsg;
    @BindView(R.id.btn_send)
    Button mBtnSend;
    private Intent mIntent;
    private Socket mClientSocket;
    private static final int MESSAGE_RECEIVE_NEW_MSG = 1;
    private static final int MESSAGE_SOCKET_CONNECTED = 2;

    @SuppressLint("HandlerLeak")
    private Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MESSAGE_RECEIVE_NEW_MSG: {
                    mTvMsgContainer.setText(mTvMsgContainer.getText() + (String) msg.obj);
                    break;
                }
                case MESSAGE_SOCKET_CONNECTED: {
                    mBtnSend.setEnabled(true);
                    break;
                }
                default:
                    break;
            }
        }
    };
    private PrintWriter mPrintWriter;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_tcpclient);
        ButterKnife.bind(this);

        initData();
    }

    private void initData() {
        mIntent = new Intent(this, TCPServerService.class);
        startService(mIntent);

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                //连接servc
                connectTCPServer();
            }
        }).start();
    }

    private void connectTCPServer() {
        Socket socket = null;
        while (socket == null) {
            try {
                socket = new Socket("localhost", 8686);
                mClientSocket = socket;

                mPrintWriter = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream())), true);
                mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(MESSAGE_SOCKET_CONNECTED);

                //用于接收服务端消息
                BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
                while (!TCPClientActivity.this.isFinishing()){
                    String serverMsg = bufferedReader.readLine();
                    if (serverMsg != null) {
                        String time = formatDateTime(System.currentTimeMillis());

                        String msg = "servermsg  ____ " + time +" : "+serverMsg +"\n";
                        mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_RECEIVE_NEW_MSG,msg).sendToTarget();
                    }
                }

                bufferedReader.close();
                mPrintWriter.close();
                socket.close();

            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        stopService(mIntent);
        if (mClientSocket != null) {
            try {
                mClientSocket.shutdownInput();
                mClientSocket.close();

            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        super.onDestroy();
    }

    @OnClick(R.id.btn_send)
    public void onViewClicked() {
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
               final String msg = mEtMsg.getText().toString();
                if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(msg) && mPrintWriter != null) {
                    mPrintWriter.println(msg);

                    runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                        @Override
                        public void run() {
                            mEtMsg.setText("");
                            String time = formatDateTime(System.currentTimeMillis());

                            String showMsg = "clientmsg  ____ " + time +" : "+msg +"\n";
                            mTvMsgContainer.setText(mTvMsgContainer.getText() + showMsg);
                        }
                    });

                }
            }
        }).start();

    }

    @SuppressLint("SimpleDateFormat")
    private String formatDateTime(long time) {
        return new SimpleDateFormat("(HH:mm:ss)").format(new Date(time));
    }
}

然后运行程序可以看出效果