Codeforces785D (组合数的逆元)

题意：给出一些括号的字符串，然后求删除里面的一些字符使得字符变成RSBS的类型，RSBS的类型为(),(()),((())).

思路：有一个公式：              

我们枚举每一个左括号用到它的情况就是C（x,x + y - 1）,x为它的左边的左括号个数，y为它的右边的右括号个数。

PS：这次学会了阶乘的逆元打表方式，

 
 
  
  #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int,int> P;
typedef set<int>::iterator ITER;
#define fi first
#define se second
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f
#define clr(x,y) memset(x,y,sizeof x)

const int maxn = 2e5 + 10;
const int Mod = 1e9 + 7;
const int N = 2;
struct Matrix{Matrix(){clr(m,0);}int m[N][N];};

Matrix Mul(Matrix a,Matrix b){Matrix c;for(int i = 0; i < N; i ++){for(int k = 0; k < N; k ++){if(a.m[i][k] == 0)continue;for(int j = 0; j < N; j ++)c.m[i][j] += a.m[i][k] * b.m[k][j] % Mod,c.m[i][j] %= Mod;}}return c;}
ll Mul(ll a,ll b){a %= Mod;b %= Mod;ll ret = 0;while(b){if(b & 1){ret += a;if(ret > Mod)ret -= Mod;}b >>= 1;a = (a << 1) % Mod;}return ret;}
Matrix pows(Matrix x,ll n){Matrix ret;for(int i = 0; i < 2; i ++)ret.m[i][i] = 1;while(n){if(n & 1)ret = Mul(ret,x);x = Mul(x,x);n >>= 1;}return ret;}
ll pows(ll x,ll n){ll ret = 1;while(n){if(n & 1)ret = ret * x % Mod;x = x * x % Mod;n >>= 1;}return ret;}
ll powss(ll x,ll n){ll ret = 1;while(n){if(n & 1)ret = Mul(ret,x);x = Mul(x,x);n >>= 1;}return ret;}
ll gcd(ll x,ll y){return y ? gcd(y,x % y):x;}
ll euler(int n){int ret = n;for(int i = 2; i * i<= n; i ++)if(n % i == 0){ret = ret / i * (i - 1);while(n % i == 0)n /= i;}if(n > 1)ret = ret / n * (n - 1);return ret;}
void ex_gcd(ll a,ll b,ll &d,ll &x,ll &y){if(!b){d = a;x = 1;y = 0;return;}ex_gcd(b,a % b,d ,y,x);y -=a/b * x;}
inline int lowbit(int x){return x &(-x);}

//void update(int x,int val){for(int i = x; x < maxn; i += lowbit(i))tree[i] += val;}
//void get(int x){int ret = 0;for(int i = x; i > 0 ;i -= lowbit(i))ret += tree[i];return ret;}
//int finds(int x){return fa[x] == x ? x : (fa[x] = finds(fa[x]));}


char s[maxn];
int num1[maxn],num2[maxn];
ll fac[maxn],inv[maxn];//fac[i]代表i的阶乘，inv表示i的阶乘的逆元
void Init()
{
    fac[1] = 1;
    for(int i = 2; i < maxn; i ++)
    {
        fac[i] = 1LL * fac[i - 1] * i % Mod;
    }

    inv[maxn - 1] = pows(fac[maxn - 1],Mod - 2);
    for(int i = maxn - 2; i >= 0; i --)//阶乘的逆元这样求
        inv[i] = 1LL * inv[i + 1] * (i + 1) % Mod;
}
ll calc(ll m,ll n)
{
    if(m == 0 || n == m)return 1;
    return fac[n] * inv[m] % Mod * inv[n - m] % Mod;
}
int main()
{
    Init();
    while( ~ scanf("%s",s))
    {
        clr(num1,0);clr(num2,0);
        int len = strlen(s);
        for(int i = 0; i < len; i ++)
        {
            if(s[i] == '(')num1[i] = num1[i - 1] + 1;
            else num1[i] = num1[i - 1];
        }
        for(int i = len - 1; i >= 0; i --)
        {
            if(s[i] == ')')num2[i] = num2[i + 1] + 1;
            else num2[i] = num2[i + 1];
        }
        ll ans = 0;
        for(int i = 0; i < len; i ++)
        {
            if(s[i] == '(')
            {
                ans = (ans + calc(num1[i],num1[i] + num2[i] - 1)) % Mod;
            }
        }
        printf("%I64d\n",ans);
    }
    return 0;
}