Android中的广播机制

广播机制

标准广播

是一种完全异步执行的广播，在广播发出之后，所有的广播接收器都可以同时接收到。所以效率高，但是也无法被截断。

 

有序广播

有序广播是一种同步执行的广播，在广播发出之后，同一时刻只有一个广播接收器可以接收到这条广播消息。当这个广播中的逻辑执行完以后广播才会继续传递，所以广播接收器是有先后顺序的。优先级高的广播可以接收到广播，并且可以截断广播。调用sendOrderedBroadCast（intent，NULL）和注册优先级： androd:priority=100,调用abortBroadcast（）就行了。如图：

动态注册：在代码中注册，新建一个类继承BraodcastReceiver并重写父类的onReceive（）方法就行了,动态注册的广播一定要注销。

package com.example.netstatebroadcast;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
import android.net.NetworkInfo;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

	private IntentFilter intentFilter;
	private NetworkChangeReceiver networkChangeReceive;
	@Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction("android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE");
        networkChangeReceive = new NetworkChangeReceiver();
        registerReceiver(networkChangeReceive, intentFilter);
    }
	
	protected void onDestroy(){
		super.onDestroy();
		Log.d("netchange","destroy");
		unregisterReceiver(networkChangeReceive);
	}
	
	class NetworkChangeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

		@Override
		public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			Toast.makeText(context, "network changes", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
			Log.d("netchange","ddddd");
			ConnectivityManager connectivityManager = (ConnectivityManager)context.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
	        NetworkInfo networkInfo = connectivityManager.getActiveNetworkInfo();
	        
	        if (networkInfo != null && networkInfo.isAvailable()) {
				Toast.makeText(context, "network is available", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
			}else{
				Toast.makeText(context, "network is unavailable", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
			}
		}

	}
	
}

另外还要在 AndroidManifest.xml 加上权限：

   <uses-sdk
        android:minSdkVersion="8"
        android:targetSdkVersion="21" />
	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>
    <application

静态注册：动态注册的比较自由，但是必须在程序驱动之后才能收到广播。静态注册可以让程序在未启动的情况下接收广播。

package com.example.broadcasttest;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class BootCompleteReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

	@Override
	public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
		Toast.makeText(context, "Boot Complete", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
	}

}

 AndroidManifest.xml ：receiver标签是所有静态注册广播的地方。

</pre><pre name="code" class="java"><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />

<pre name="code" class="java"><receiver android:name=".BootCompleteReceiver" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
            </intent-filter>
</receiver>

发送自定义广播 ：

定义广播接收器

package com.example.broadcasttest;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

	@Override
	public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
		Toast.makeText(context, "received in MyBroadcastReceive",
				Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
	}

}

 AndroidManifest.xml ：中对这个广播接收器进行注册。

<receiver android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST"/>
            </intent-filter>
</receiver>

定义一个button用来发射信号。所有注册监听了这条广播的接收器都会收到消息。

Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
		button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				Intent intent = new Intent(
						"com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST");
				sendBroadcast(intent);
			}
		});

本地广播：这将比发送全局广播更加安全，类似于Linux中的本地socket实现的进程通讯。其他程序无法发广播到本程序内部。正在发送的广播也不会离开我们的程序。本地广播无法通过静态注册来实现。

package com.example.broadcasttest;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.content.LocalBroadcastManager;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

	private IntentFilter intentFilter;

	private LocalReceiver localReceiver;

	private LocalBroadcastManager localBroadcastManager;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		localBroadcastManager = LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this);
		Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
		button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				Intent intent = new Intent(
						"com.example.broadcasttest.LOCAL_BROADCAST");
				localBroadcastManager.sendBroadcast(intent);
			}
		});
		intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
		intentFilter.addAction("com.example.broadcasttest.LOCAL_BROADCAST");
		localReceiver = new LocalReceiver();
		localBroadcastManager.registerReceiver(localReceiver, intentFilter);
	}

	@Override
	protected void onDestroy() {
		super.onDestroy();
		localBroadcastManager.unregisterReceiver(localReceiver);
	}

	class LocalReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

		@Override
		public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
			Toast.makeText(context, "received local broadcast",
					Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
		}

	}

}