《Algorithms》4th | 第一章 基础

什么是算法?
什么是数据结构?
算法研究的核心问题是什么?
我们为什么学习算法?
什么是欧几里得算法?怎么用代码实现?

算法是解决问题的思路和方法,在计算机世界中,我们指的是适合用计算机实现的解决问题的方法

计算机的操作对象是数据,算法也是作用在具体的数据对象上的。大多数算法功能(简洁、精妙、优雅)和效率(时间空间消耗)的体现都需要适当的组织数据,按照特定意图被组织的数据称为数据结构,数据结构也是计算机科学研究的核心,与算法关系非常紧密。

性能是算法研究的核心问题。性能包括时间的花费和空间(存储)的消耗。研究性能采用科学思维:先对性能提出假设,建立数学模型,然后用多种实验验证它们,必要时重复这个过程。
通过对常用算法的学习和分析,我们应当做到对算法的资源消耗做到心中有数;学习需要实践,学习的目的也是为了更好地实践创造价值,当我们实际解决问题,更进一步,当我们自己动手编写代码时,应当事先思考评估数据业务场景,选择性能合适的算法,切忌不应该使用资源消耗未知的算法,这是程序员的基本素养(向着这个目标靠近!)。

我们为什么学习算法呢?
算法给我们提供了解决问题的思路。

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This fourth edition of Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne’s Algorithms is the leading textbook on algorithms today and is widely used in colleges and universities worldwide. This book surveys the most important computer algorithms currently in use and provides a full treatment of data structures and algorithms for sorting, searching, graph processing, and string processing--including fifty algorithms every programmer should know. In this edition, new Java implementations are written in an accessible modular programming style, where all of the code is exposed to the reader and ready to use. The algorithms in this book represent a body of knowledge developed over the last 50 years that has become indispensable, not just for professional programmers and computer science students but for any student with interests in science, mathematics, and engineering, not to mention students who use computation in the liberal arts. The companion web site, algs4.cs.princeton.edu, contains An online synopsis Full Java implementations Test data Exercises and answers Dynamic visualizations Lecture slides Programming assignments with checklists Links to related material The MOOC related to this book is accessible via the "Online Course" link at algs4.cs.princeton.edu. The course offers more than 100 video lecture segments that are integrated with the text, extensive online assessments, and the large-scale discussion forums that have proven so valuable. Offered each fall and spring, this course regularly attracts tens of thousands of registrants. Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne are developing a modern approach to disseminating knowledge that fully embraces technology, enabling people all around the world to discover new ways of learning and teaching. By integrating their textbook, online content, and MOOC, all at the state of the art, they have built a unique resource that greatly expands the breadth and depth of the educational experience.
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