动手学深度学习V2每日笔记（经典卷积神经网络LeNet）

本文主要参考沐神的视频教程 https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1t44y1r7ct/spm_id_from=333.1007.top_right_bar_window_history.content.click&vd_source=c7bfc6ce0ea0cbe43aa288ba2713e56d
文档教程 https://zh-v2.d2l.ai/

本文的主要内容对沐神提供的代码中个人不太理解的内容进行笔记记录，内容不会特别严谨仅供参考。

1.函数目录

1.1 torch

torch.nn	位置
MaxPool2d	2.2

2. LeNet

• LeNet是早期成功的神经网络
• 先使用卷积层来学习图片空间信息
• 然后使用全连接层来转换到类别空间
  
  LeNet-5网络参数详解

层	操作	输出形状
输入层	\	1x28x28
卷积层	kernel=5、padding=2、stride=1、output_channel=6	6x28x28
平均池化层	kernel=2、padding=0、stride=2	6x14x14
卷积层	kernel=5、padding=0、stride=1、output_channel=16	16x10x10
平均池化层	kernel=2、padding=0、stride=2	16x5x5
全连接层	480->120	120
全连接层	120->84	84
全连接层	84->10	10

3. 代码实现

3.1 model

import torch
from torch import nn

class Reshape(torch.nn.Module):
    def forward(self, x):
        return x.view(-1, 1, 28, 28)

net = nn.Sequential(
    Reshape(),
    nn.Conv2d(in_channels=1, out_channels=6, kernel_size=5, padding=2),nn.Sigmoid(),
    nn.AvgPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),
    nn.Conv2d(6, 16, kernel_size=5), nn.Sigmoid(),
    nn.AvgPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),
    nn.Flatten(),
    nn.Linear(16*5*5, 120), nn.Sigmoid(),
    nn.Linear(120, 84), nn.Sigmoid(),
    nn.Linear(84,10)
)

X = torch.rand((1,1,28,28), dtype=torch.float32)
for layer in net:
    X = layer(X)
    print(layer.__class__.__name__, 'output shape:\t',X.shape)

3.2 train

import torch
from torch import nn

import model
import tools
from model import net
from d2l import torch as d2l
import pandas as pd
from tools import *

def train_ch6(net, train_iter, test_iter, num_epochs, lr, device):
    """用GPU训练模型(在第六章定义)"""
    #模型参数初始化
    def init_weights(m):
        if type(m) == nn.Linear or type(m) == nn.Conv2d:
            nn.init.xavier_uniform_(m.weight)
    net.apply(init_weights)
    print("training on", device)
    net.to(device)
    # 定义优化器
    ptimizer = torch.optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=lr)
    # 定义损失函数
    loss = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
    # 训练集损失函数
    # 训练集损失列表
    train_loss_all = []
    train_acc_all = []
    # 验证集损失列表
    val_loss_all = []
    val_acc_all = []
    timer = tools.Timer()
    timer.start()
    for epoch in range(num_epochs):
        train_loss, train_acc = train_epoch_gpu(net, train_iter, loss, ptimizer, device)
        val_loss, val_acc = evalution_loss_accuracy_gpu(net, test_iter, loss, device)
        train_loss_all.append(train_loss)
        train_acc_all.append(train_acc)
        val_loss_all.append(val_loss)
        val_acc_all.append(val_acc)
        print("{} train loss:{:.4f} train acc: {:.4f}".format(epoch, train_loss_all[-1], train_acc_all[-1]))
        print("{} val loss:{:.4f} val acc: {:.4f}".format(epoch, val_loss_all[-1], val_acc_all[-1]))
        print("训练和验证耗费的时间{:.0f}m{:.0f}s".format(timer.stop() // 60, timer.stop() % 60))

    train_process = pd.DataFrame(data={"epoch": range(num_epochs),
                                       "train_loss_all": train_loss_all,
                                       "val_loss_all": val_loss_all,
                                       "train_acc_all": train_acc_all,
                                       "val_acc_all": val_acc_all, })
    return train_process

if __name__ == "__main__":
    batch_size = 256
    train_iter, test_iter = d2l.load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size=batch_size)
    LeNet5 = model.net
    train_process = train_ch6(LeNet5,train_iter,test_iter,10,0.8,tools.try_gpu())
    tools.matplot_acc_loss(train_process)

自定义的tools文件

import pandas as pd
import torch
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from torch import nn
import time
import numpy as np

class Timer:  #@save
    """记录多次运行时间"""
    def __init__(self):
        self.times = []
        self.start()

    def start(self):
        """启动计时器"""
        self.tik = time.time()

    def stop(self):
        """停止计时器并将时间记录在列表中"""
        self.times.append(time.time() - self.tik)
        return self.times[-1]

    def avg(self):
        """返回平均时间"""
        return sum(self.times) / len(self.times)

    def sum(self):
        """返回时间总和"""
        return sum(self.times)

    def cumsum(self):
        """返回累计时间"""
        return np.array(self.times).cumsum().tolist()


argmax = lambda x, *args, **kwargs: x.argmax(*args, **kwargs) #返回最大值的索引下标
astype = lambda x, *args, **kwargs: x.type(*args, **kwargs)  # 转换数据类型
reduce_sum = lambda x, *args, **kwargs: x.sum(*args, **kwargs)  # 求和

# 对多个变量累加
class Accumulator:
    """For accumulating sums over `n` variables."""

    def __init__(self, n):
        """Defined in :numref:`sec_utils`"""
        self.data = [0.0] * n

    def add(self, *args):
        self.data = [a + float(b) for a, b in zip(self.data, args)]

    def reset(self):
        self.data = [0.0] * len(self.data)

    def __getitem__(self, idx):
        return self.data[idx]

# 计算正确预测的数量
def accuracy(y_hat, y):
    """Compute the number of correct predictions.
    Defined in :numref:`sec_utils`"""
    if len(y_hat.shape) > 1 and y_hat.shape[1] > 1:
        y_hat = argmax(y_hat, axis=1)
    cmp = astype(y_hat, y.dtype) == y
    return float(reduce_sum(astype(cmp, y.dtype)))

# 单轮训练
def train_epoch(net, train_iter, loss, trainer):
    if isinstance(net, nn.Module):
        net.train()
    metric_train = Accumulator(3)
    for X, y in train_iter:
        y_hat = net(X)
        l = loss(y_hat, y)
        if isinstance(trainer, torch.optim.Optimizer):
            trainer.zero_grad()
            l.mean().backward()
            trainer.step()
        else:
            l.sum().backward()
            trainer(X.shape[0])
        metric_train.add(float(l.sum()), accuracy(y_hat, y), y.numel())
    #返回训练损失和训练精度
    return metric_train[0]/metric_train[2], metric_train[1]/metric_train[2]

# 单轮训练
def train_epoch_gpu(net, train_iter, loss, trainer,device):
    if isinstance(net, nn.Module):
        net.train()
    metric_train = Accumulator(3)
    for i, (X, y) in enumerate(train_iter):
        X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
        y_hat = net(X)
        l = loss(y_hat, y)
        if isinstance(trainer, torch.optim.Optimizer):
            trainer.zero_grad()
            l.backward()
            trainer.step()
        else:
            l.sum().backward()
            trainer(X.shape[0])
        metric_train.add(l * X.shape[0], accuracy(y_hat, y), X.shape[0])
    #返回训练损失和训练精度
    return metric_train[0]/metric_train[2], metric_train[1]/metric_train[2]

# 用于计算验证集上的准确率
def evalution_loss_accuracy(net, data_iter, loss):
    if isinstance(net, torch.nn.Module):
        net.eval()
    meteric = Accumulator(3)
    with torch.no_grad():
        for X, y in data_iter:
            l = loss(net(X), y)
            meteric.add(float(l.sum())*X.shape[0], accuracy(net(X), y), X.shape[0])
    return meteric[0]/meteric[2], meteric[1]/meteric[2]

# 用于计算验证集上的准确率
def evalution_loss_accuracy_gpu(net, data_iter, loss, device='None'):
    if isinstance(net, torch.nn.Module):
        net.eval()
        if not device:
            #将net层的第一个元素拿出来看其在那个设备上
            device = next(iter(net.parameters())).device
    meteric = Accumulator(3)
    with torch.no_grad():
        for X, y in data_iter:
            if isinstance(X, list):
                X = [x.to(device) for x in X]
            else:
                X = X.to(device)  # 赋值给 X，将数据移动到GPU中
            y = y.to(device)  # 赋值给 y，将数据移动到GPU中
            l = loss(net(X), y)
            meteric.add(l * X.shape[0], accuracy(net(X), y), X.shape[0])
            # meteric.add(float(l.sum()), accuracy(net(X), y), y.numel())  # 转为浮点数
    return meteric[0]/meteric[2], meteric[1]/meteric[2]

def matplot_acc_loss(train_process):
    # 显示每一次迭代后的训练集和验证集的损失函数和准确率
    plt.figure(figsize=(12, 4))
    plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
    plt.plot(train_process['epoch'], train_process.train_loss_all, "ro-", label="Train loss")
    plt.plot(train_process['epoch'], train_process.val_loss_all, "bs-", label="Val loss")
    plt.legend()
    plt.xlabel("epoch")
    plt.ylabel("Loss")
    plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
    plt.plot(train_process['epoch'], train_process.train_acc_all, "ro-", label="Train acc")
    plt.plot(train_process['epoch'], train_process.val_acc_all, "bs-", label="Val acc")
    plt.xlabel("epoch")
    plt.ylabel("acc")
    plt.legend()
    plt.show()

def gpu(i=0):
    """Get a GPU device.

    Defined in :numref:`sec_use_gpu`"""
    return torch.device(f'cuda:{i}')

def cpu():
    """Get the CPU device.

    Defined in :numref:`sec_use_gpu`"""
    return torch.device('cpu')
def num_gpus():
    """Get the number of available GPUs.

    Defined in :numref:`sec_use_gpu`"""
    return torch.cuda.device_count()

def try_gpu(i=0):
    """Return gpu(i) if exists, otherwise return cpu().

    Defined in :numref:`sec_use_gpu`"""
    if num_gpus() >= i + 1:
        return gpu(i)
    return cpu()