How To Read XML File In Java – (DOM Parser)

本教程，将展现使用 DOM XML 解析技术，读取 XML 文件
DOM 解析器，将解析整个 XML 文档并且将把所有的 XML文档信息 加载到内存当中，然后再进行操作


简言之，此技术，将 XML 文件转换成 DOM 或者说是 树形结构，然后你就可以遍历结点了。


什么是节点？
在DOM中， XML文档 中的所有信息，都是节点。
例如：<salary>200000</salary>   salary是节点，200000也是节点，200000是文本节点。200000不是salary的值。
看定义：http://www.w3schools.com/dom/dom_nodes.asp   Text is Always Stored in Text Nodes



警告（提示）：
DOM解析技术，速度慢，消耗很多内存.
对于大文件，通常使用 SAX技术，SAX 快速，消耗内存少。

1. DOM XML Parser Example
本例子，通过“name”获得节点，以及对应的值
D:\javaCode\staff.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<company>
	<staff id="1001">
		<firstname>xiaohan</firstname>
		<lastname>yi</lastname>
		<nickname>xiaokai</nickname>
		<salary>100000</salary>
	</staff>
	<staff id="2001">
		<firstname>xiaowei</firstname>
		<lastname>lan</lastname>
		<nickname>xiaowei</nickname>
		<salary>200000</salary>
	</staff>
</company>

package com.domdemo;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import java.io.File;

public class ReadXMLFile {

	public static void main(String argv[]) {

		try {

			File fXmlFile = new File("D:/javaCode/staff.xml");
			DocumentBuilderFactory documentBuilderFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
			DocumentBuilder dBuilder = documentBuilderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
			Document doc = dBuilder.parse(fXmlFile);

			// optional, but recommended
			// read this -
			// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13786607/normalization-in-dom-parsing-with-java-how-does-it-work
			doc.getDocumentElement().normalize();
			System.out.println("Root element :" + doc.getDocumentElement().getNodeName());
			NodeList nList = doc.getElementsByTagName("staff");
			
			System.out.println("-------------我是分隔线-------------------------------------------");

			for (int temp = 0; temp < nList.getLength(); temp++) {
				Node nNode = nList.item(temp);
				System.out.println("\nCurrent Element :" + nNode.getNodeName());
				
				if (nNode.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
					Element eElement = (Element) nNode;
					System.out.println("Staff id : "+ eElement.getAttribute("id"));
					System.out.println("First Name : "+ eElement.getElementsByTagName("firstname").item(0).getTextContent());
					System.out.println("Last Name : "+ eElement.getElementsByTagName("lastname").item(0).getTextContent());
					System.out.println("Nick Name : "+ eElement.getElementsByTagName("nickname").item(0).getTextContent());
					System.out.println("Salary : "+ eElement.getElementsByTagName("salary").item(0).getTextContent());
				}
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}

运行结果：

Root element :company
-------------我是分隔线-------------------------------------------

Current Element :staff
Staff id : 1001
First Name : xiaohan
Last Name : yi
Nick Name : xiaokai
Salary : 100000

Current Element :staff
Staff id : 2001
First Name : xiaowei
Last Name : lan
Nick Name : xiaowei
Salary : 200000

2. Looping the Node
本例子读取同样的“staff.xml“, 将展现如何一个接一个的循环节点，并且打印出节点名和值，如果有属性的话，也将属性打印出。

package com.domdemo;

import java.io.File;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;

public class ReadXMLFileLoopNode {

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		try {

			File file = new File("D:/javaCode/staff.xml");
			DocumentBuilder dBuilder = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder();
			Document doc = dBuilder.parse(file);
			System.out.println("Root element :" + doc.getDocumentElement().getNodeName());

			if (doc.hasChildNodes()) {
				printNote(doc.getChildNodes());
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			System.out.println(e.getMessage());
		}

	}

	private static void printNote(NodeList nodeList) {
		for (int count = 0; count < nodeList.getLength(); count++) {
			Node tempNode = nodeList.item(count);
			// make sure it's element node.
			if (tempNode.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
				// 获取节点名，和节点值
				System.out.println("\nNode Name =" + tempNode.getNodeName() + " [OPEN]");
				System.out.println("Node Value =" + tempNode.getTextContent());
				
				if (tempNode.hasAttributes()) {
					// 获取属性名，和属性值
					NamedNodeMap nodeMap = tempNode.getAttributes();
					
					for (int i = 0; i < nodeMap.getLength(); i++) {
						Node node = nodeMap.item(i);
						System.out.println("attr name : " + node.getNodeName());
						System.out.println("attr value : " + node.getNodeValue());
					}

				}

				if (tempNode.hasChildNodes()) {
					// loop again if has child nodes
					printNote(tempNode.getChildNodes());
				}
				System.out.println("Node Name =" + tempNode.getNodeName() + " [CLOSE]");

			}

		}

	}

}

Root element :company

Node Name =company [OPEN]
Node Value =
	
		xiaohan
		yi
		xiaokai
		100000
	
	
		xiaowei
		lan
		xiaowei
		200000
	


Node Name =staff [OPEN]
Node Value =
		xiaohan
		yi
		xiaokai
		100000
	
attr name : id
attr value : 1001

Node Name =firstname [OPEN]
Node Value =xiaohan
Node Name =firstname [CLOSE]

Node Name =lastname [OPEN]
Node Value =yi
Node Name =lastname [CLOSE]

Node Name =nickname [OPEN]
Node Value =xiaokai
Node Name =nickname [CLOSE]

Node Name =salary [OPEN]
Node Value =100000
Node Name =salary [CLOSE]
Node Name =staff [CLOSE]

Node Name =staff [OPEN]
Node Value =
		xiaowei
		lan
		xiaowei
		200000
	
attr name : id
attr value : 2001

Node Name =firstname [OPEN]
Node Value =xiaowei
Node Name =firstname [CLOSE]

Node Name =lastname [OPEN]
Node Value =lan
Node Name =lastname [CLOSE]

Node Name =nickname [OPEN]
Node Value =xiaowei
Node Name =nickname [CLOSE]

Node Name =salary [OPEN]
Node Value =200000
Node Name =salary [CLOSE]
Node Name =staff [CLOSE]
Node Name =company [CLOSE]

参考文献：

http://www.mkyong.com/java/how-to-read-xml-file-in-java-dom-parser/