计算IoU(D2L)

#IoU
#给定两个边界框或锚框的列表

def box_iou(boxes1,boxes2):
    """ 计算两个锚框或边界框列表中成对的交并比"""
    box_area = lambda boxes : ((boxes[:,2]-boxes[:,0])*(boxes[:,3]-boxes[:,1])) #box面积
    # boxes1:[nums_boxes1，4]
    # boxes2：[nums_boxes2,4]
    # areas1:[nums_boxes1,]
    # areas2:[nums_boxes2,]
    areas1 = box_area(boxes1)
    areas2 = box_area(boxes2)
    """ 
    areas1:tensor([100., 225.])
    areas2:tensor([144., 676.])
    """
    #print(f"areas1:{areas1}\n areas2:{areas2}")
    """  
    inter_upperlefts ,inter_lowerrights,inters :
    shape:(nums_boxes1,nums_boxes2,2)
    
    box_axis:[xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax]
    """
    inter_upperlefts  = torch.max(boxes1[:,None,:2],boxes2[:,:2]) #[:2]左上角，两两组合所有左上角坐标max值
    inter_lowerrights = torch.min(boxes1[:,None,2:],boxes2[:,2:]) #[2:]右下角
    inters  =(inter_lowerrights - inter_upperlefts).clamp(min=0) #clamp确保不出现负数
    """  
    inter_upperlefts: 4组坐标左上角max值(与右下角一一对应)
                tensor([[[13., 13.],  
                    [22., 22.]],

                    [[15., 15.], 
                    [22., 22.]]])
    inter_lowerrights:4组坐标右下角min值
                tensor([[[20., 20.],   
                         [20., 20.]],
 
                         [[25., 25.],  
                         [30., 30.]]])
    inters:(右下角-左上角)得到每一对box交集的(宽,高)
            tensor([[[ 7.,  7.],  
                    [ 0.,  0.]],

                     [[10., 10.], 
                     [ 8.,  8.]]])
    """

    print(f"inters:{inters}")
    # inter_areas , union_areas ,shape:[nums_boxes1,nums_boxes2]
    inter_areas  =inters[:,:,0] * inters[:,:,1] #分子 每一组数据的宽和高相乘获得交集面积
    union_areas  =areas1[:,None] + areas2 - inter_areas #分母
    """  
    inter_areas:
            tensor([[[ 7.,  7.],
                [ 0.,  0.]],

                [[10., 10.],
                [ 8.,  8.]]])
    union_areas:
                tensor([[195., 776.],
                [269., 837.]])
    """
    return inter_areas / union_areas
    
#-----Test--------------------   
#假设每个box中有两组数据:[2,4]

boxes1 = [ [10.,10.,20.,20.],
           [15.,15.,30.,30.]]
boxes2 = [[13.,13.,25.,25.],
          [22.,22.,48.,48.]]
boxes1 = torch.tensor(boxes1)
boxes2 = torch.tensor(boxes2)
print(boxes2.shape)
box_iou(boxes1,boxes2)


    



    

输出：

tensor([[0.25, 0.00],
        [0.37, 0.08]])

如何理解左上角和右下角坐标计算代码？

x =torch.arange(4,8).view(2,2)
y = torch.arange(4).view(2,2)
print(x,y)
"""
x:tensor([[4, 5],
        [6, 7]])
----------------------        
y:tensor([[0, 1],
        [2, 3]])
  
-------------------------------------
x[:,None,:]: 根据广播机制，x会在中间None创建的新维度复制数据形成[2,2,2]以匹配y的维度[2,2]，只有在计算的时候才会复制，打印不出来
      tensor([[[4, 5],
                [4,5]],
            [[6, 7],
            [6,7]]])  
"""
print(x[:,None,:]-y[:,:])  #shape:[2,1,2]-[2,2]
""" 
输出：
tensor([[[4, 4],
         [2, 2]],

        [[6, 6],
         [4, 4]]])
"""